ISO/TR 19961:2005
(Main)Cranes — Safety code on mobile cranes
Cranes — Safety code on mobile cranes
ISO/TR 19961:2005 provides a guide to International Standards applicable to mobile cranes (crawler cranes, locomotive cranes, wheel-mounted cranes and any variations thereof that retain the same fundamental characteristics) and a summary of related provisions. Special adaptations of the general types of machine covered, where applicable, also fall within its scope.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue — Code de sécurité sur les grues mobiles
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 19961
First edition
2005-09-15
Cranes — Safety code on mobile cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue — Code de sécurité sur les
grues mobiles
Reference number
ISO/TR 19961:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
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ISO/TR 19961:2005(E)
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ISO/TR 19961:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Purpose. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Construction and characteristics. 2
5 Inspection/maintenance. 8
6 Testing. 8
7 Operation — Qualifications/practices for job-site personnel. 8
Bibliography . 9
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ISO/TR 19961:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 19961 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 6, Mobile cranes.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 19961:2005(E)
Cranes — Safety code on mobile cranes
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides a guide to International Standards applicable to mobile cranes — crawler
cranes, railway cranes, wheel-mounted cranes and any variations thereof that retain the same fundamental
characteristics — and a summary of related provisions. Special adaptations of the general types of machine
covered, where applicable, also fall within its scope.
NOTE According to the ISO Directives, Part 2, the verbal forms used to identify provisions in an International
Standard are
⎯ “shall” or “shall not”, used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the document and
from which no deviation is permitted,
⎯ “should” or “should not” for recommendations, indicating that among several possibilities one is recommended as
particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not
necessarily required, or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not
prohibited, and
⎯ “may” or “need not”, used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the document.
2 Purpose
The purpose of this Technical Report is to
a) identify the many International Standards relevant to mobile cranes and their safety (see Bibliography for
a complete listing),
b) summarize the content of those documents,
c) promote mobile crane safety by the delineation of these standards, so that the incorporation of their
provisions into the design and use of mobile cranes will guard against, and minimize, injury to workers
and damage to equipment,
d) facilitate the work of all those working in the field of mobile cranes (designers, supervisors and others
either directly or indirectly responsible for the safe use and maintenance of the machines) with a need to
consult the current standards relating to mobile cranes, and
e) contribute to further international harmonization of mobile crane standards.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO 4306-1 defines terms concerning the main types of cranes, parameters, general concepts and component
parts.
ISO 4306-2 defines the terms relating to the basic types of self-powered mobile cranes.
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ISO/TR 19961:2005(E)
4 Construction and characteristics
4.1 Load rating
4.1.1 Crane stability (backward/forward)
ISO 4305 specifies the conditions to be taken into consideration when verifying the stability of a mobile crane
by calculation, assuming that the crane is operating on a firm and level surface (up to 1 % gradient).
It applies to mobile cranes defined in ISO 4306-2 mounted on wheels or crawlers with or without outriggers.
4.1.2 Crane structural competence
ISO 8686-1 establishes general methods for calculating loads and principles to be used to select load
combinations for proofs of competence for the structural and mechanical components of cranes.
Based on rigid-body kinetic analysis and elasto-static analysis, it expressly permits the use of more advanced
methods (calculations or tests) to evaluate the effects of loads and load combinations, and the value of
dynamic load factors, where it can be demonstrated that these provide at least equivalent levels of
competence.
It provides the general form, content and ranges of parameter values for more specific standards to be
developed for individual lifting appliance types.
It provides a framework for agreement on loads and load combinations between a designer or manufacturer
and an appliance purchaser for those types of lifting appliances where specific standards do not exist.
ISO 8686-2 applies the principles set forth in ISO 8686-1 to mobile cranes, as defined in ISO 4306-2, and
presents loads and load combinations appropriate for use in proof of competence calculations for the steel
structures of mobile cranes. It applies to mobile cranes used for normal service and for duty cycle service.
ISO 11662 specifies a test method that provides a systematic, non-destructive procedure for determining the
stresses induced in crane structures under specified conditions of static loading through the use of resistance
type electronic strain gages and to specify appropriate acceptable criteria for specified loading conditions.
4.1.3 Wind load
ISO 4302 relates to wind loads on cranes. It gives a simplified method of calculation and assumes that the
wind can blow horizontally from any direction, that the wind blows at a constant velocity and that there is a
static reaction to the loading it applies to the crane structure. It includes built-in allowances for the effects of
gusting and for dynamic response.
4.1.4 Crane rating manuals
ISO 11661 specifies a standard presentation or format for mobile crane rated capacities on rated capacity
charts. It applies to mobile cranes fitted with booms as defined in ISO 4306-2, when used in lifting mode.
4.2 Boom hoist, load hoist and telescoping boom mechanisms
4.2.1 Boom hoist
4.2.1.1 Mechanism
The boom hoist may use a rope drum for its drive or hydraulic cylinder(s), and the supporting structure may be
a gantry or the same hydraulic cylinder(s) used to elevate the boom.
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ISO/TR 19961:2005(E)
The boom hoist shall be capable of elevating and controlling the boom with its rated load (for rope boom
hoists, when reeved according to the manufacturer’s specifications), and shall be capable of supporting the
boom and rated load without action by the operator.
In a rope supporting and elevating arrangement, boom lowering shall be done only under power control.
Free-fall lowering of the boom shall not be permitted.
4.2.1.2 Boom hoist drum
The boom hoist drum shall have sufficient rope capacity to operate the boom in all positions, from the lowest
permissible to the highest recommended, when using the manufacturer’s recommended reeving and rope size.
No less than two full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum with the boom point lowered to the level of the
crane-supporting surface. The end of the rope shall be anchored to the drum by an arrangement specified by
the winch manufacturer.
The drum shall provide a first layer rope pitch diameter in accordance with ISO 8087.
4.2.1.3 Boom hoist brake/holding device
On machines with rope-supported booms, a braking mechanism and an additional holding device, with a
braking moment of 1,5 times the maximum drive moment of the winch, shall be provided to prevent
inadvertent lowering of the boom.
An integrally mounted holding device (such as a load check valve) shall be provided with boom support
hydraulic cylinder(s) to prevent uncontrolled lowering of the boom in the event of a hydraulic system failure
(e.g. supply hose rupture).
4.2.2 Load hoist
4.2.2.1 Mechanism
The hoist mechanism may consist of a drum or hydraulic cylinder(s) with necessary rope reeving.
The load hoist drum assemblies shall have power and operational characteristics sufficient to perform all load
lifting and lowering functions required in crane service when operated under recommended conditions.
Where brakes and clutches are used to control the motion of the load hoist drums, they shall be of a size and
thermal capacity sufficient to control all rated crane loads with minimum recommended reeving (where
maximum rated loads are being lowered with near maximum boom length or operations involving long
lowering distances, power-controlled lowering is recommended to reduce demand on the load brake). Brakes
and clutches shall be provided with adjustments where necessary to compensate for lining wear and to
maintain force in springs, where used. Freefall lowering shall not be used where prohibited by national
legislation. If freefall is provided, a means controllable from the operator’s station shall be provided to hold the
drum from rotating in the lowering direction and be capable of holding the rated load without further action by
the operator. Foot-operated brakes having a continuous mechanical linkage between the actuating and
braking means, capable of transmitting full braking force and equipped with a positive mechanical means to
hold the linkage in the applied position meet this requirement.
4.2.2.2 Load hoist drums
Load hoist drums shall have rope capacity with the recommended rope size and reeving sufficient to perform
crane service within the range of boom lengths, operating radii, and vertical lifts specified by the manufacturer.
No less than two full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum when the hook is in the extreme low position.
The drum end of the rope shall be anchored to the drum by an arrangement specified by the crane or rope
manufacturer.
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ISO/TR 19961:2005(E)
The drum flange shall extend a minimum of 1,5 times the rope diameter over the top layer of rope at all time.
The load hoist drums shall provide a first layer rope pitch diameter in accordance with ISO 8087.
Drum rotation indicators should be provided and located to afford sensing by the operator.
4.2.2.3 Load hoist brakes
When power-operated brakes having no continuous mechanical linkage between the actuating and braking
means are used for controlling loads, an automatic means shall be provided to set the brake to prevent the
load from falling in the event of loss of brake control power.
Foot-operated brake pedals shall be constructed so that the operator’s feet, when in proper position, will not
slip off, and a means shall be provided for holding the brakes in the applied position without further action by
the operator.
4.2.2.4 Power-controlled lowering
When provided, a power-controlled lowering system shall be capable of handling rated loads and speeds as
specified by the manufacturer. Such a system is recommended to assist in precision lowering and to reduce
demand on the load brake.
4.2.2.5 Cylinders with rope reeving
Cranes using a load hoist mechanism with hydraulic cylinder(s) and rope reeving shall have power and
operational characteristics sufficient to perform all load lifting and lowering functions required in crane service
when operated under recommended conditions. Sheaves used in multiple rope reeving shall have a pitch
diameter and grooves in accordance with ISO 4308-1 and ISO 4308-2.
4.2.3 Telescoping boom
Extension and retraction of boom sections may be accomplished through hydraulic, mechanical, or manual
means.
The powered retract function shall be capable of controlling any rated load which can be retracted.
An integrally mounted holding device (such as a load hold check valve) shall be provided with the telescopic
hydraulic cylinder(s) to prevent uncontrolled retraction of the boom in the event of a hydraulic system failure
(e.g. supply hose rupture).
4.2.4 General
Sheaves in multiple rope reeving shall have pitch diameters and grooves in accordance with ISO 4301-2.
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