ISO/DIS 23828-1
(Main)Fuel cell road vehicles - Energy consumption measurement
Fuel cell road vehicles - Energy consumption measurement
Véhicules électriques routiers hybrides avec pile à combustible -- Mesurage de consomation d'énergie
General Information
RELATIONS
Standards Content (sample)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 23828-1
ISO/TC 22/SC 21 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2007-01-11 2007-06-11
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Fuel cell road vehicles - Energy consumption measurement —Part 1:
Vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen
Véhicules électriques routiers hybrides avec pile à combustible — Mesurage de consomation d'énergie —
Partie 1: Avec hydrogène compriméICS 43.120
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.© International Organization for Standardization, 2007
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
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ii ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
Contents Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................iv
1 Scope......................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative reference..............................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions (after the terminology Discussion) ...............................................................2
4 Measurement accuracy.........................................................................................................................2
5 Hydrogen consumption measurement................................................................................................3
5.1 Pressure method ...................................................................................................................................3
5.2 Gravimetric method...............................................................................................................................3
5.3 Flow method ..........................................................................................................................................3
6 Test procedure.......................................................................................................................................3
6.1 General condition..................................................................................................................................3
6.2 Vehicle condition...................................................................................................................................3
6.3 Chassis dynamometer conditions.......................................................................................................4
6.4 Fuel consumption tests ........................................................................................................................5
6.5 Measurement over scheduled driving test .........................................................................................5
6.6 Correction of the test results for FCHEV ............................................................................................6
7 Presentation of results..........................................................................................................................6
Annex A (normative) Test procedure in Japan...............................................................................................7
Annex B (normative) Test procedure in Europe...........................................................................................12
Annex C (normative) Test procedure in the U.S.A.......................................................................................16
Annex D (normative) Pressure method.........................................................................................................22
Annex E (normative) Gravimetric method ....................................................................................................24
Annex F (normative) Flow method ................................................................................................................26
Annex G (informative) Current method.........................................................................................................27
Annex H (informative) Estimation of interior temperature of tank.............................................................29
Annex I (informative) Test results of hydrogen consumption of test vehicle...........................................32
Annex J (normative) Allowable energy change.............................................................................................34
Annex K (normative) Linear correction method using a correction coefficient (not applicable for
PFCEV)..................................................................................................................................................36
Annex L (informative) Procedure to obtain correction coefficient for FCHEV .........................................37
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
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established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 21, Electrically
propelled road vehicles.iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
Introduction
Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV) include the following types:
⎯ Pure Fuel Cell Vehicle (PFCV), in which the fuel cell system is the only on-board energy source for
propulsion and auxiliary systems⎯ Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV), in which the fuel cell system is integrated with an on-board
rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) for electric energy supply to propulsion and auxiliary
systemsFCHEV design options include:
1) Externally chargeable or non externally chargeable.
2) Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS): battery or capacitor
3) Driver-selected operating modes: If the FCHEV has no driver-selected operating mode, it has only
a FCHEV mode.Table – FCHEV Classification
Chargeability Operating mode
FCHEV mode
Externally chargeable
EV mode
FCHEV
FCHEV mode
Non externally chargeable
EV mode
The present standard is applicable to the PFCV and to the FCHEV non externally chargeable with FCHEV
mode only (see in bold).© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved v
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COMMITTEE DRAFT ISO/CD 23828-1
Fuel cell road vehicles - Energy consumption measurement —
Part 1:
Vehicles fuelled with compressed hydrogen
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the procedures for measuring the energy consumption of fuel cell
passenger cars and light duty trucks that use compressed hydrogen and are not externally chargeable,
operating in the regions as defined in annexes.2 Normative reference
The following publications form a part of this International Standard to the extent specified herein. For dated
documents, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendment) applies.ISO 1176:1990, Road vehicle – Masses – Vocabulary and codes
ISO 3833:1977, Road vehicles – Types – Terms and definitions
ISO 8713: 2005, Electric road vehicles - Vocabulary
ISO 8714:2002, Electric road vehicles – Reference energy consumption and range – Test procedures for
passenger cars and light commercial vehiclesISO 8715:2001, Electric road vehicles – Road operating characteristics
ISO 10521:1992, Motor vehicle road load – Determination under reference atmospheric conditions and
reproduction on chassis dynamometerECE-R 83, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emission of pollutants
according to engine fuel requirementsECE-R 101, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of passenger cars with regard to the emission of
carbon dioxide and fuel consumption and/or the measurement of the electric energy consumption and electric
range, and of category M1 and N1 vehicles powered by an electric power train only with regard to the
measurement of electric energy consumption and electric rangeUnited States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Protection of the Environment, Part 86, Control of air
pollution from new and in-use motor vehicles and new and in-use motor vehicle engines: Certification and test
procedures, Appendix IUnited States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, protection of the Environment, Part 600, Fuel Economy
of Motor Vehicles, Appendix ITRIAS 5-3-1996, Fuel consumption test method of gasoline engine vehicle on 10 · 15 mode driving cycles
Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles (Ministry of Transportation Ordinance N. 67 of 1951) (for Japan test
procedure) USA procedure© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
SAE J 2572-Aug2006, Recommended practice for Measuring the fuel Consumption and Range of Fuel Cell
and Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles fuelled with compressed Gaseous Hydrogen3 Terms and definitions (after the terminology Discussion)
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3833:1977 and ISO 1176:1990 the
following apply.3.1
battery state of charge (SOC) (apply to FCHEV)
residual capacity of battery available to be discharged normally expressed as a percentage of full charge
3.2charge balance of battery (apply to FCHEV)
change of charge in battery during test period normally expressed in Ah
3.3
EV operation mode (apply to FCHEV)
mode of an FCHEV in which only the RESS is used for the vehicle propulsion and possibly auxiliary systems
3.4FCHEV operation mode (apply to FCHEV)
mode of an FCHEV in which both RESS and FC system are used sequentially or simultaneously for vehicle
propulsionNote: The FC system may also charge the RESS during propulsion or standstill.
3.5
Fuel cell vehicle (FCV)
vehicle that receives propulsion power from an on-board fuel cell power system
3.6
Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV)
fuel cell vehicle with RESS
3.7
Pure fuel cell vehicle (pure FCV)
fuel cell vehicle without RESS
3.8
rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) (apply to FCHEV)
system that stores energy, for example, batteries or capacitors, and is rechargeable by on-board and/or
external energy sources, and associated controls, if any3.9
test mass
mass of a vehicle prepared for a defined test procedure
4 Measurement accuracy
Test apparatus shall assure the accuracy of measurement of ± 1 % for the total mass of hydrogen
consumption during the test cycle, unless otherwise specified in the relevant annexes.
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
5 Hydrogen consumption measurement
According to the present status of the studies various methods for the measurement of hydrogen consumption
have been developed. Those listed below have shown to give sufficiently equivalent results. They are reported
in detail in Annex D, E, and F (normative). One of the methods shall be used. Other methods may also
become applicable if they show comparable equivalence and reliability.5.1 Pressure method
Hydrogen consumption is calculated by measuring the pressure and temperature of gas in the high-pressure
hydrogen tank before and after the test. The hydrogen consumption can be determined by calculating the
change in the number of moles of gas in the storage by applying the measured values of pressure and
temperature to the state equation. A tank with known internal volume that allows measurement of gas
pressure and temperature shall be used for the test.5.2 Gravimetric method
Hydrogen consumption is calculated by measuring the weight of the high-pressure hydrogen tank before and
after the test. The tank used for the test shall be suitable for measuring weight.
5.3 Flow methodThe amount of hydrogen supplied to and consumed by a vehicle is measured by a flow meter.
6 Test procedure6.1 General condition
The test shall be conducted after preparation of the vehicle and test apparatus as follows.
6.2 Vehicle condition6.2.1 General
The vehicle shall be clean, and the windows and air entries, not needed for the correct operation of the vehicle
and the drive system, shall be closed by the normal operating controls.The lighting, signalling and auxiliary devices shall be off, except those required for testing and usual day-time
operation of the vehicle.6.2.2 Vehicle stabilization
Prior to testing, the test vehicle shall be stabilized, which includes vehicle mileage accumulation according to
a manufacturer-determined distance unless otherwise specified in the relevant annexes A, B or C.
6.2.3 Vehicle appendagesVehicles shall be tested with normal appendages (mirrors, bumpers, etc.). Certain items (e.g., hub caps) may
be removed where necessary for safety on the dynamometer.6.2.4 Vehicle test mass
The vehicle test mass shall be selected according to Annex A, B, or C.
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
6.2.5 Tires
Vehicle manufacturer's recommended tires shall be used.
6.2.5.1 Tire pressure
The vehicle tires shall be inflated, when the tires are at ambient temperature, to the pressure specified by the
vehicle manufacturer for the chosen test (track or chassis dynamometer)..6.2.5.2 Tire conditioning
Tires shall be conditioned as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. See Annex A, B, or C for additional
requirements.6.2.6 Lubricants
The vehicle lubricants specified by the manufacturer shall be used.
6.2.7 Gear shifting
If the vehicle is fitted with a manually shifted gear box, gear shifting positions corresponds to the test
procedure mentioned in Annex A, B and C. However, the shift positions may be selected and determined
previously in accordance with the vehicle characteristics.6.2.8 Regenerative braking
If the vehicle has regenerative braking, the regenerative braking system shall be enabled for all dynamometer
testing. If a vehicle is equipped with an Antilock Braking System or a Traction Control System and is tested on
a single-roll dynamometer, these systems may inadvertently interpret the non-movement of the set of wheels
that are off the dynamometer as a malfunctioning system. If so, modifications to these systems shall be made
to achieve normal operation of the remaining vehicle systems, including the regenerative braking system.
6.2.9 RESS stabilizationThe RESS shall have been stabilized with the vehicle as defined in 6.2.1 or by equivalent conditioning.
6.3 Chassis dynamometer conditions6.3.1 General
The vehicle generally should be tested on single-roll chassis dynamometer. The vehicle with four-wheel-drive
shall be tested by modifying the drive train of the vehicle. When the vehicle is modified, the details shall be
explained in the test report.A double roll dynamometer test may be performed when a modification for single roll dynamometer test is not
possible for the specific 4-wheel driven vehicle.6.3.2 Dynamometer calibration
The dynamometer shall be calibrated according to the specifications indicated in the service manual provided
by the dynamometer manufacturers.6.3.3 Dynamometer warm-up
The dynamometer shall be warmed up sufficiently prior to the testing.
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
6.3.4 Determining the dynamometer load coefficient
The determination of vehicle road load and the reproduction on a chassis dynamometer shall conform to
ISO 10521. Vehicles equipped with regenerative braking systems that are activated at least in part when the
brake pedal is not depressed shall have regenerative braking disabled during the deceleration portion of
coast-down testing on both the test track and dynamometer.6.4 Fuel consumption tests
6.4.1 General
A region-dependent procedure shall be selected from Annex A, B, or C, for Japan, Europe or the U.S.A.
respectively. Details and common procedures for each test mode are described below.
6.4.2 Vehicle preconditioningVehicle preconditioning shall be carried out according to the Annex appropriate for the region. In the case of
FCHEV, the RESS SOC may be pre-adjusted by charging or discharging, to obtain a suitable energy
difference in RESS between the beginning and the end of test.6.4.3 Vehicle soak
The vehicle shall be soaked according to the regional procedure in Annex A, B, or C.
6.5 Measurement over scheduled driving testFor the measurement of hydrogen consumption, the test vehicle shall be driven on the chassis dynamometer
according to the running mode prescribed for the region (see Annex A, B, or C as appropriate). The hydrogen
consumption can be measured by one of the methods described in Annex D, E, or F, or by an alternative
method that provides equivalent accuracy.The hydrogen consumption is determined using one of the following equations.
22.414
w x x 10
b x 10
t0 m
FC1= =
L L
b x x 10
w x10
22.414
FC2= =
L L
22.414
wx x 10 x Q
b x10 x Q
t0 H m
FC3= =
L L
wherein,
FC1 Hydrogen consumption per unit distance (Nm /km) referred to volume
FC 2 Hydrogen consumption per unit distance (kg/km) referred to weight
FC3 Hydrogen consumption per unit distance (MJ/km) referred to caloric value
L distance (km)
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
b Hydrogen consumption (l at 273 K, 101.3 kPa)
w Hydrogen consumption amount (g)
m Molecular weight of hydrogen (2.016)
Q Lower calorific value of hydrogen (10.8 MJ/Nm )
6.6 Correction of the test results for FCHEV
6.6.1 General
After the FCHEV has been tested, the hydrogen consumption shall be corrected if the energy difference in the
RESS between the end and the start of the test is above the limit described in 6.6.2.
6.6.2 Allowable limit for RESS energy change for FCHEVThe allowable limit for RESS energy change is
where
ΔE is the energy change in RESS over the test cycle;
RESS
ECF is the energy of consumed fuel over the test cycle.
Energy change in the RESS and maximum allowable energy change in the RESS are described in Annex J.
Correction procedure by correction coefficient for FCHEVThe vehicle manufacturer shall provide the correction coefficient for calculation of hydrogen consumption at
ΔE = 0. The correction coefficient can be obtained according to Annex K.RESS
7 Presentation of results
Test results should be recorded according to the Annex I. The fourth significant digit should be rounded off to
provide the hydrogen consumption rate to three significant digits.Other data should be recorded as required by the regional regulations.
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
Annex A
(normative)
Test procedure in Japan
A.1 Scope
This Annex describes the typical procedures and related conditions in Japan to measure fuel consumption of
the passenger cars and light duty trucks defined in Japan regulation. .A.2 Accuracy for determining vehicle road load and others
Accuracy of determining road load shall conform to the ISO 10521.
A.3 Driving procedure
The gear manipulation in each operational condition specified in Tables A.1 and A.2 shall be performed
smoothly and quickly according to the following instructions.A.3.1 Vehicles with manual transmission
A.3.1.1 The idling operation refers to a condition in which the accelerator pedal is not depressed, with the
transmission gear in neutral.A.3.1.2 The transmission gear shall be shifted to the low gear position (or such a gear in instances where
the “low” gear position should read otherwise in Table A.1 and A.2) five second before the idling operation
mode is switched to the acceleration mode.A.3.1.3 For deceleration, the clutch shall be disengaged at a speed of 10 km/h during the 20-0 km/h
deceleration operation and at a speed of 20 km/h during the 40-0 deceleration operation as specified in Table
A.1 and A.2. In the same way, the clutch shall be disengaged at a speed of 30 km/h during the 70-0
deceleration operation as specified in Table A.2.A.3.1.4 On vehicles with a 6-speed transmission in which driving by operating the shift lever in respective
gear positions as specified in Table A.2 can not be performed because of the running performance of the
vehicle, driving may be carried out according to the example of the 5-speed transmission specified in Table
A.2.A.3.1.5 If the revolutions of the motor of the test vehicle exceed the revolution speed at which the motor
delivers its maximum output during the operation of the test vehicle, the gear position that is one step higher
than the original gear may be used. In this case, the vehicle speed at which the gearshift takes place shall be
the vehicle speed corresponding to the revolution speed at which the motor delivers its maximum output.
A.3.2 Vehicle with automatic transmissionThe selector position shall remain in drive position. No further manipulation shall be made.
A.3.3 Vehicles with other transmissionsGear changes shall be made considering the running characteristics of the tested vehicle with transmissions
other than those described in A.3.1 and A.3.2.© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 7
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
A.4 Vehicle test mass
The test vehicle shall have a mass obtained when two persons (assuming that the mass of one person is 55
kg) or mass of 110 kg are loaded on the test vehicle under the “unloaded state” prescribed in Item (3) of
Paragraph 1 of Article 1 of the Safety Regulations for Road Vehicles (Ministry of Transportation Ordinance No.
67 of 1951).A.5 Tire conditioning
Tires shall be conditioned as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer and shall have accumulated a
minimum of 100 km (62 miles) and have at least 50% of the original usable tread depth remaining.
A.6 Dynamometer inertia settingThe equivalent inertia mass set for the chassis dynamometer shall be the standard value of equivalent inertia
mass specified in the right column of Table A.3, corresponding to the vehicle test mass specified in the left
column of Table A.3.However, if the specified equivalent inertia mass is not available on the chassis dynamometer being used, the
equivalent inertia mass within plus (+) 10 % of the specified standard value may be used.
Table A.1 — Operation conditions, vehicle speed, acceleration/deceleration of 10 mode
Vehicle Duration of Standard gear positions AccelerationCumulative
Mode Operation
speed operation or
3-speed (3+OD)-speed 4-speed 5-speed
time
no. conditions
time deceleration
transmission transmission transmission transmission
km/h s (m/s )
1 Idling 20 20 - - - - -
(0-15) Low (0-15) Low
2 Acceleration 0-20 7 27 (0-20) Low (0-20) Low 0,78
(15-20) 2nd (15-20) 2nd
3 Constant speed 20 15 42 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd -
4 Deceleration 20-0 7 49 2nd 2nd 2nd 2nd 0,78
5 Idling 16 65 - - - - -
(0-20) Low (0-20) Low (0-15) Low (0-15) Low
6 Acceleration 0-40 14 79 (20-40) 2nd (20-40) 2nd (15-30) 2nd (15-30) 2nd 0,78
(30-40) 3rd (30-40) 3rd
7 Constant speed 40 15 94 Top 3rd Top 4th -
8 Deceleration 40-20 10 104 Top 3rd Top 4th 0,59
9 Constant speed 20 2 106 Top-2nd 3rd-2nd Top-3rd 4th-3rd -
10 Acceleration 20-40 12 118 2nd 2nd 3rd 3rd 0,49
40-20 10 128 Top 3rd Top 4th 0,59
11 Deceleration
20-0 7 135 Top 3rd Top 4th 0,78
NOTE Figures put into brackets in the column “Standard gear positions” represent vehicle speeds for respective gear positions.
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ISO/DIS 23828-1
20 42 49 65 79 94 104 106 118 128 135
Time (s)
Figure A.1 — 10 Mode, vehicle speed versus time
Table A.2 — Operation conditions, vehicle speed, acceleration/deceleration of 15 mode
Duration Cumula- Standard gear positionsVehicle Acceleration
tive
Mode Operation
(3+OD)-
speed or
opera-
time
3-speed 4-speed 5-speed 6-speed
no. conditions
speed
deceleration
tion time
transmission transmission transmission transmission
transmission
km/h s (m/s )
1 Idling 65 65 - - - - -
(0-20) Low (0-20) Low (0-15) Low (0-15) Low (0-15) Low 0,78
2 Acceleration 0-50 18 83 (20-40) 2 (20-40) 2nd (15-35) 2nd (15-35) 2nd (15-35) 2nd
(40-50) Top (40-50) 3rd (35-50) 3rd (35-50) 3rd (35-50) 3rd3 Constant speed 50 12 95 Top 3rd Top 4th 4th -
4 Deceleration 50-40 4 99 Top 3rd Top 4th 4th 0,69
5 Constant speed 40 4 103 Top 3rd 3 3rd 3rd -
(40-50)3rd
6 Acceleration 40-60 16 119 Top 3rd 3 3rd 0,39
(50-60)4th
7 Constant speed 60 10 129 Top 3rd Top 4th 5th -
8 Acceleration 60-70 11 140 Top 3rd Top 4th 5th 0,29
9 Constant speed 70 10 150 Top OD Top Top Top -
10 Deceleration 70-50 10 160 Top OD Top Top Top 0,59
11 Constant speed 50 4 164 Top 3rd Top 4th 5th -
12 Acceleration 50-70 22 186 Top 3rd Top 4th 5th 0,29
13 Constant speed 70 5 191 Top OD Top Top Top -
70-30 20 211 Top OD Top Top Top 0,59
14 Deceleration
30-0 10 221 - - - - - 0,88
15 Idling 10 231 - - - - - -
NOTE Figures put into brackets in the column “Standard gear positions” represent vehicle speeds for respective gear positions.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 9DRAFT 2007
Velocity (km/h)
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