ISO 17363:2007
(Main)Supply chain applications of RFID — Freight containers
Supply chain applications of RFID — Freight containers
ISO 17363:2007 defines the usage of read/write radio-frequency identification technology (RFID) cargo shipment-specific tags on freight containers for supply chain management purposes (shipment tags). It defines the air-interface communications, a common set of required data structures, and a commonly organized set of optional data requirements (through common syntax and semantics). It contains recommendations about a containerized cargo supply chain RFID system, based on shipment tags; specific recommendations about mandatory non-reprogrammable information on the shipment tag; and specific recommendations about optional, re-programmable information on the shipment tag. Identified within ISO 17363:2007 are the air-interface and communication parameters for active radio-frequency identification communications using ISO/IEC 18000-7. ISO 17363:2007 is applicable to freight containers as defined in ISO 668 and to freight containers that are not defined by other ISO standards. It complements ISO 10374 for permanent container license-plate tags. It fully describes cargo shipment-specific tags. It does not address smart container technologies affixed to, or inside, freight containers (e.g. sensors) for supply chain management purposes.
Applications RFID à la chaîne logistique — Conteneurs de fret
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17363
First edition
2007-07-01
Supply chain applications of RFID —
Freight containers
Applications de chaîne d'approvisionnements de RFID — Récipients de
fret
Reference number
ISO 17363:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance and performance specifications . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions. 3
5 Concepts. 5
5.1 Differentiation between a layer and its preceding and following layers. 5
5.2 Unique item identifier . 6
5.3 Types of tags. 6
5.4 Additive to other identification requirements. 6
6 Differentiation within Layer 4 . 7
6.1 General. 7
6.2 Containerized cargo supply chain RFID system requirements . 7
6.3 Business processes relevant to the suite of standards for supply chain applications of
RFID. 7
7 Data content . 8
7.1 General. 8
7.2 Mandatory data . 8
7.3 Optional cargo shipment-specific (CSS) data . 8
8 Data security . 9
8.1 General. 9
8.2 Confidentiality. 9
8.3 Data integrity . 10
8.4 Authentication. 10
8.5 Non-repudiation/Aaudit trail . 10
9 Tag location. 10
10 Tag operation . 10
10.1 Data protocol. 10
10.2 Minimum performance requirements . 10
10.3 Environmental requirements . 10
10.4 Air interface . 11
10.5 Memory requirements . 11
10.6 Indication of impending power source failure. 11
10.7 Real time clock option. 11
10.8 External communications . 11
10.9 Sensor interface, if applicable. 11
10.10 Safety and regulatory considerations . 11
10.11 Minimum reliability and accuracy . 11
10.12 Tag recyclability. 12
10.13 Tag re-usability . 12
11 Privacy of cargo shipment-specific (CSS) data. 12
11.1 Data privacy. 12
11.2 Personal data privacy. 12
11.3 Authentication and identification. 12
12 Interoperability, compatibility and non-interference with other RF systems. 13
Bibliography . 14
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 17363 was prepared by Technical Committee TC 122, Packaging, in collaboration with Technical
Committee TC 104, Freight containers.
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
Introduction
The supply chain is a multi-level concept that covers all aspects of taking a product from raw materials to a
final product, to shipping, to a final place of sale. Each of these levels covers many aspects of dealing with
products and the business process for each level is both unique and overlapping with other levels.
This International Standard has been created with a vision of compatibility both at the physical and command
level and the data level with the four other standards within the suite of standards, Supply chain applications
of RFID, together with ISO 10374 and ISO 18185. Due to the different data structures in each of these
standards, they cannot take the form of interchangeability. However, these standards are designed to be
interoperable and non-interfering. They include
⎯ ISO 17363, Supply chain applications of RFID — Freight containers,
⎯ ISO 17364, Supply chain applications of RFID — Returnable transport items (RTIs),
⎯ ISO 17365, Supply chain applications of RFID — Transport units,
⎯ ISO 17366, Supply chain applications of RFID — Product packaging,
⎯ ISO 17367, Supply chain applications of RFID — Product tagging, and
⎯ ISO 10374, Freight containers — Automatic identification
These International Standards define the technical aspects and data hierarchy of supply chain management
information required in each layer of the supply chain. Air interface and communication protocol standards
supported within these standards are the ISO/IEC 18000 series; commands and messages are supported by
ISO/IEC 15961 and ISO/IEC 15962. The semantics of these standards are defined in ISO/IEC 15418 and their
syntax is defined in ISO/IEC 15434.
Excluded, although embraced, is the work of
⎯ ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 in the area of technical standards related to air interface, data semantic and syntax
construction, and conformance standards, and
⎯ ISO/TC 104 in the area of freight container security, including electronic seals (e-seals) (ISO 18185 in
multiple parts), and container identification.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17363:2007(E)
Supply chain applications of RFID — Freight containers
1 Scope
This International Standard defines the usage of read/write radio-frequency identification technology (RFID)
cargo shipment-specific tags on freight containers for supply chain management purposes (“shipment tags”).
This International Standard, through reference to other standards within ISO/TC 122, ISO/TC 104 and
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31, defines the air-interface communications, a common set of required data structures,
and a commonly organized set of optional data requirements (through common syntax and semantics).
It contains the following recommendations:
a) recommendations about a containerized cargo supply chain RFID system, based on shipment tags;
NOTE Such a containerized cargo supply chain RFID system would co-exist with, but be separate from, a container
security and identification RFID framework using permanent container lifetime RFID tags (“container tags”), described
in ISO 10374, and cargo shipment-specific electronic seals (e-seals) for which a standard in multiple parts
(ISO 18185) is being developed. Specifically, readings for container security and identification purposes of the
information in the container tags and e-seals are intended to be in separate messages and not through the shipment
tag.
b) specific recommendations about mandatory non-reprogrammable information on the shipment tag;
c) specific recommendations about optional, reprogrammable information on the shipment tag.
Identified within this International Standard are the air-interface and communication parameters for active
radio-frequency identification communications using ISO/IEC 18000-7.
This International Standard is applicable to freight containers as defined in ISO 668 and to freight containers
that are not defined by other ISO standards. It complements ISO 10374 for permanent container license-plate
tags (see 4.7), hereinafter referred to as “container tags”.
This International Standard fully describes cargo shipment-specific tags (see 4.8), hereinafter referred to as
“shipment tags”.
It does not address “smart” container technologies affixed to, or inside, freight containers (e.g. sensors) for
supply chain management purposes. These issues will be addressed in future revisions.
2 Conformance and performance specifications
All of the devices and equipment that claim compliance with this International Standard in either performance
and/or conformance shall also conform to the appropriate sections and parameters specified in
ISO/IEC 18046 for performance and ISO/IEC TR 18047-7 for conformance of active devices operating at
433,92 MHz.
The underlying conformance requirements of this International Standard are to provide the structure
necessary to raise the level of interoperability of components and systems built to this standard, while leaving
open opportunity for continued technical improvement and differentiation.
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
Implementation of a containerized cargo supply chain RFID system and its components shall be deemed in
conformance with this standard provided that it meets, and supports, the following six (6) requirements:
a) the required functional performance specified in Clause 6.
b) the data requirements specified in Clause 7;
c) the data security requirements specified in Clause 8;
d) the tag location requirements specified in Clause 9;
e) the tag operation requirements specified in Clause 10;
f) the security and privacy requirements specified in Clause 11.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 668, Series 1 freight containers — Classification, dimensions and ratings
ISO 830, Freight containers — Vocabulary
ISO 6346, Freight containers — Coding, identification and marking
ISO 10374, Freight containers — Automatic identification
ISO 18185-3, Freight containers — Electronic seals — Part 3: Environmental characteristics
ISO/IEC 15418, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — GS1
application identifiers and ASC MH 10 data identifiers and maintenance
ISO/IEC 15434, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Syntax for
high-capacity ADC media
ISO/IEC 15961, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management — Data
protocol: application interface
ISO/IEC 15962, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management — Data
protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions
ISO/IEC 15963, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Unique
identification for RF tags
ISO/IEC 18000-7, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 7:
Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
ISO/IEC 18046, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Radio
frequency identification device performance test methods
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 7: Test methods for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC)
techniques — Harmonized vocabulary
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
IEEE 1451, Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators — Mixed-mode Communication Protocols
and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 830, ISO/IEC 19762 and the
following apply.
4.1
transport unit
either a transport package or a unit load
[ISO 15394:2000, 4.2]
4.2
unit load
one or more transport packages or other items held together by means such as pallet, slip sheet, strapping,
interlocking, glue, shrink wrap, or net wrap, making them suitable for transport, stacking, and storage as a unit
[ISO 15394:2000, 4.2]
4.3
transport package
package intended for the transportation and handling of one or more articles, smaller packages, or bulk
material
[ISO 15394:2000, 4.2]
4.4
returnable transport item
RTI
all means to assemble goods for transportation, storage, handling and product protection in the supply chain
which are returned for further usage, including for example pallets with and without cash deposits, as well as
all forms of reusable crates, trays, boxes, roll pallets, barrels, trolleys, pallet collars and lids
NOTE 1 The term returnable transport item is usually allocated to secondary packaging. But in certain circumstances
also primary packaging may be considered as a form of RTI.
NOTE 2 Freight containers, trailers and other similar enclosed modules are not covered by the term returnable
transport item.
NOTE 3 The term returnable transport equipment is considered to have the same definition as the term returnable
transport item within an electronic data interchange environment.
4.5
product package (primary)
first tie, wrap or container to a single item or quantity thereof that constitutes a complete identifiable pack
NOTE A product package may be an item packaged singularly, multiple quantities of the same item packaged
together or a group of parts packaged together.
[ISO 22742:2005, 3.32]
4.6
product
first level or higher assembly that is sold in a complete end-usable configuration
[EIA 802, 3.16]
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
4.7
permanent container license-plate tag
container tag
permanently affixed, read-only (including Write Once Read Many – WORM) tag containing limited data
relating only to physical identification and description of the container to which it is affixed
NOTE This tag, affixed by or on behalf of the container owner, should last the lifetime of its associated container
(except in situations where the container changes ownership and/or equipment ID).
4.8
cargo shipment-specific tag
shipment tag
read-write tag into which data specific to a containerized cargo shipment can be stored
NOTE 1 The tag and the data uploaded in it are the responsibility of the shipper.
NOTE 2 The tag may be affixed to the container by the shipper or, per the shipper’s instructions, by the party that
physically performs the loading (“stuffing”) of the container.
NOTE 3 Data capabilities are flexible and may, at the shipper’s discretion, include destination, routing, conveyance or
other transportation information, cargo information (including hazardous material information, where applicable) or other
trip-specific information.
NOTE 4 The tag is intended to perform reliably from the point of stuffing of the container to delivery destination, and to
be removed by the consignee upon final delivery. The tag may be re-usable.
4.9
mandatory shipment tag information
two non-reprogrammable data elements [i.e. a unique permanent ID of the integrated circuit (chip ID) and a
unique permanent ID of the actual tag (tag ID)] and one reprogrammable data element (the tag data routing
code)
NOTE The non-reprogrammable data elements will be imbedded in the shipment tag by the tag manufacturer.
4.10
permanent container tag information
non-reprogrammable information that resides on the container tag for the duration of the lifetime of the
container (or until the container changes ownership and/or equipment ID), and which is uploaded and
maintained by, or on behalf of, the container owner and at its responsibility
NOTE The permanent, non-reprogrammable information elements are specified in ISO 10374.
4.11
cargo shipment-specific (CSS) tag information
optional information residing in the shipment tag for the duration of the containerized cargo shipment until its
final delivery
4.12
integrity
designed such that any modification of the electronically stored information, without proper authorization, is
not possible
4.13
originality
validity
designed such that a compromise of the shipment through misrepresentation of the information on the
shipment tag is not possible under the following circumstances:
⎯ any modification of the mandatory non-reprogrammable information;
⎯ any unauthorized modification of optional reprogrammable information
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
4.14
freight container
ISO freight container as specified in ISO 668 as well as containers not defined by other ISO standards
4.15
classified information
information which for reasons of national security is restricted to government authorized or approved persons
4.16
tag data routing code
data string that enables the system that reads the tag header to forward in-transit visibility data to the owner of
the tag
5 Concepts
5.1 Differentiation between a layer and its preceding and following layers
The supply chain is a multi-level concept that covers all aspects of taking a product from raw materials to a
final product, to shipping to a final place of sale, use, maintenance, and potentially to disposal and return of
goods. Each of these levels covers many aspects of dealing with products and the business process for each
level is both unique and overlapping with other levels.
Figure 1 provides a graphical representation of the “supply chain”. Layers 0 through 4 are addressed within
the suite of standards for “supply chain applications of RFID” and are intended to enhance supply chain
visibility. Layer 5 is the purview of ISO/TC 204/WG 7.
Layer 4 in Figure 1 and the definition of a freight container in 4.14 are the subject of this International
Standard.
Figure 1 — Supply chain layers
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
Once tagged, product layer tags can be distinguished from following layer tags by use of a “group select”
methodology contained in the RFID interrogator/reader. This group select function allows the interrogator and
supporting Automated Information Systems (AIS) to quickly identify product package layer tags.
5.2 Unique item identifier
Unique item identification is a process that assigns a unique data string to an individual freight container or, in
this case, to an RFID tag that is associated with the freight container. For freight container tagging to be
meaningful, it is necessary that each serialized RFID tag be unique worldwide. Unique serialization of freight
containers allows data collection and management at a granular level. The benefits of granular level data are
evident in such areas as maintenance and enabling electronic transactions of record. This granularity is
possible only if each tagged freight container has a unique identification.
The Unique Item Identifier (UII), as defined by ISO 15459-2, provides granular discrimination between like
items that are identified with RFID tags. The unique tag ID (as defined by ISO/IEC 15963) is a mechanism to
uniquely identify RFID tags.
There exists historical reference for the identification of freight containers, specifically ISO 6346, and for radio
frequency identification, specifically ISO 10374. The freight container identification structure in this
International Standard shall be as defined in ISO 6346 and encoded as in ISO 10374.
5.3 Types of tags
There are four types of RF device envisioned for use with freight containers. The individual uses of each of
these devices are as given in 5.3.1 to 5.3.4.
5.3.1 Permanent container license-plate tag
This tag, referred to as the “container tag”, is defined in 4.7 and is fully described in ISO 10374.
5.3.2 Cargo shipment-specific tag
This tag, referred to as the “shipment tag”, defined in 4.8, is fully discussed in this International Standard.
5.3.3 Container electronic seal
This is a read-only, non-reusable freight container seal conforming to the specifications for a high security seal.
It is defined in ISO/PAS 17712, and conforms to the ISO 18185 series; it electronically reveals tampering or
intrusion through the container doors.
5.3.4 Item tag
This is typically a passive tag that is affixed to an item that is to be tracked. This item may be a product itself,
the packaging around a product, or the transportation method used to convey the product (pallet, case, etc.).
This tag is usually disposable, although in the case of returnable transport items, etc., it may be reusable.
5.4 Additive to other identification requirements
This International Standard does not supersede or replace any applicable safety or regulatory marking or
labelling requirements, and shall be applied in addition to any other mandated labelling requirements.
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ISO 17363:2007(E)
6 Differentiation within Layer 4
6.1 General
This International Standard defines the requirements for Layer 4 as shown in Figure 1. This layer is
differentiated from the other layers as follows.
6.2 Containerized cargo supply chain RFID system requirements
6.2.1 RFID system components
The containerized cargo supply chain RFID system shall consist of two basic components:
a) a shipment tag affixed to the freight container, and
b) equipment located apart from the freight container that reads from and writes to the shipment tag
identified in this International Standard.
6.2.2 RFID system capabilities
The containerized cargo supply chain RFID system shall be capable of:
a) maintaining the integrity of the information on the shipment tag;
b) encoding its information into a form suitable for conveyance to reading equipment;
c) being written to at a distance of 35 m as long as the tag remains within the 35 m range of the
communicating interrogator, and when
1) sufficiently separated from other ISO 17363 tags by more than 3 m to allow discrimination, and
2) operated and stored under the environmental conditions specified in ISO 18185-3;
d) having a shipment tag that is affixed to the container until final delivery (at which time the consignee shall
remove the tag), and which is as small as possible but does not exceed a size of 30 cm × 6 cm × 2 cm;
e) providing an indication of impending power source failure;
f) being read when the shipment tag is
1) within range of 35 m or less,
2) moving in relation to the RFID reading system at a speed of 50 km/h or less,
3) sufficiently separated from other ISO 17363 tags by more than 3 m to allow discrimination, and
4) operated and stored under the environmental conditions specified in ISO 18185-3.
6.3 Business processes relevant to the suite of standards for supply chain applications of
RFID
a) Procurement/Acquisition: Ordering, in
...
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