ISO 10303-513:2000
(Main)Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange — Part 513: Application interpreted construct: Elementary boundary representation
Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange — Part 513: Application interpreted construct: Elementary boundary representation
This part of ISO 10303 specifies the interpretation of the generic resources for the definition of an elementary boundary representation model. The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 10303: — the definition of an elementary_brep_shape_representation, this is a representation composed of one or more manifold_solid_breps each of which is defined with elementary geometry and complete explicit topology; — the definition of the unbounded geometry of curves and surfaces used in the definition of the faces of such a B-rep model; — the definition of the topological structure of a B-rep model; — 3D geometry; — B-reps; — elementary curves, these are lines or conics; — elementary_surfaces; — geometric transformations; — polylines; — unbounded geometry; — use of topology to bound geometric entities. The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO 10303: — 2D geometry; — bounded curves other than polylines; — bounded surfaces — offset curves and surfaces. This AIC is independent of any industrial application domain.
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Représentation et échange de données de produits — Partie 513: Construction interprétée d'application: Représentation des limites élémentaires
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10303-513
First edition
2000-09-01
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Product data representation
and exchange —
Part 513:
Application interpreted construct:
Elementary boundary representation
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Représentation et
échange de données de produits —
Partie 513: Construction interprétée d'application: Représentation des
limites élémentaires
Reference number
©
ISO 2000
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
1 Scope . . . . . 1
2 Normativereferences . . . . 2
3 Terms,definitions,andabbreviations . . . . 2
3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303-1 . . . . 3
3.2 Terms defined in ISO 10303-42 . . . 3
3.3 Terms defined in ISO 10303-202 . . . 3
3.4 Terms defined in ISO 10303-514 . . . 4
3.5 Otherdefinitions . . . . 4
3.6 Abbreviations. . . . 4
4 EXPRESSshortlisting . . . . 4
4.1 Fundamental concepts and assumptions . . . 6
4.2 aic_elementary_brep schema entity definition: elementary_brep_shape_representation 7
Annex A (normative) Short names of entities. . . 12
AnnexB(normative) Informationobjectregistration . . . 13
B.1 Documentidentification . . . . 13
B.2 Schemaidentification. . . . 13
AnnexC(informative) Computer-interpretablelistings . . . 14
AnnexD(informative) EXPRESS-Gdiagrams . . . 15
AnnexE(informative) AICconformancerequirementsandtestpurposes . . 20
E.1 AICconformancerequirements:elementaryB-rep . . . 20
E.2 TestpurposesforelementaryB-repAIC . . . 21
E.3 AbstracttestcasesforelementaryB-rep . . . 25
E.4 ContextsdefinedfortestcasesofelementaryB-rep . . . 41
Index . . . . . 56
Figures
Figure D.1 aic_elementary_boundary_representation EXPRESS-G diagram, page 1 of 4 . 16
Figure D.2 aic_elementary_boundary_representation EXPRESS-G diagram, page 2 of 4 . 17
Figure D.3 aic_elementary_boundary_representation EXPRESS-G diagram, page 3 of 4 . 18
Figure D.4 aic_elementary_boundary_representation EXPRESS-G diagram, page 4 of 4 . 19
Tables
Table A.1 Short names of entities . . . . . . 12
�c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for
voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 10303 may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 10303-513 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial
automation systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial da.ta.
A complete list of parts of ISO 10303 is available from the Internet:
This part of ISO 10303 is a member of the application interpreted constructs series.
Annexes A and B form a normative part of this part of ISO 10303. Annexes C, D and E are for
information only.
iv �c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved
Introduction
ISO 10303 is an International Standard for the computer-interpretable representation and exchange of
product data. The objective is to provide a neutral mechanism capable of describing product data
throughout the life cycle of a product independent from any particular system. The nature of this de-
scription makes it suitable not only for neutral file exchange, but also as a basis for implementing and
sharing product databases and archiving.
This International Standard is organized as a series of parts, each published separately. The parts of
ISO 10303 fall into one of the following series: description methods, integrated resources, application
interpreted constructs, application protocols, abstract test suites, implementation methods, and confor-
mance testing. The series are described in ISO 10303-1. This part of ISO 10303 is a member of the
application interpreted construct series.
An application interpreted construct (AIC) provides a logical grouping of interpreted constructs that
supportsa specific functionality for the usage of product data across multiple application contexts. An
interpreted construct is a common interpretation of the integrated resources that supports shared infor-
mation requirements among application protocols.
This document specifies the application interpreted construct for the definition ofa boundary representa-
tion solid with elementary geometry and explicit topology.
�c ISO 2000— All rights reserved v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10303-513:2000(E)
Industrial automation systems and integration —
Product data representation and exchange —
Part 513 :
Application interpreted construct:
Elementary boundary representation
1Scope
This part of ISO 10303 specifies the interpretation of the generic resources for the definition of an ele-
mentary boundary representation model.
The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 10303:
— the definition of an elementary_brep_shape_representation, this is a representation composed
of one or more manifold_solid_breps each of which is defined with elementary geometry and
complete explicit topology;
— the definition of the unbounded geometry of curves and surfaces used in the definition of the faces
of such a B-rep model;
— the definition of the topological structure of a B-rep model;
— 3D geometry;
— B-reps;
— elementary curves, these are linesor conics;
— elementary_surfaces;
— geometric transformations;
— polylines;
— unbounded geometry;
— use of topology to bound geometric entities.
The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO 10303:
— 2D geometry;
— bounded curves other than polylines;
— bounded surfaces;
�c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved 1
— offset curves and surfaces.
This AIC is independent of any industrial application domain.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this part of ISO 10303. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of,
any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 10303
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative docu-
ments indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to
applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO/IEC 8824-1: 1995, Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification
of basic notation.
ISO 10303-1: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 1 : Overview and fundamental principles.
ISO 10303-11: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 11 : Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual.
ISO/TR 10303-12: 1997, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation
and exchange - Part 12 : Description methods: The EXPRESS-I language reference manual.
ISO 10303-41: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 41 : Integrated generic resources: Fundamentals of product description and support.
ISO 10303-42: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 42 : Integrated generic resources: Geometric and topological representation.
ISO 10303-43: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 43 : Integrated generic resources: Representation structures.
ISO 10303-202: 1996, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 202: Application protocol: Associative draughting.
ISO 10303-514: 1999, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 514: Application interpreted construct: Advanced boundary representation.
2 �c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303-1
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-1 apply.
— application;
— application context;
— application protocol;
— implementation method;
— integrated resource;
— interpretation;
— product data.
3.2 Terms defined in ISO 10303-42
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-42 apply.
— arcwise connected;
— boundary;
— bounds;
— coordinate space;
— curve;
— open curve;
— orientable;
— surface;
— topological sense.
3.3 Terms defined in ISO 10303-202
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-202 apply.
�c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved 3
— AIC.
3.4 Terms defined in ISO 10303-514
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-514 apply.
— manifold solid.
3.5 Other definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303 the following definitions apply:
3.5.1
elementary B-rep shape representation
a shape representation made up of one or more manifold solid B-reps. Each constituent B-rep is required
to have its faces and edges defined by elementary geometry.
3.5.2
elementary geometry
geometry composed of lines, polylines, conicsand elementary_surfaces.
3.6 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following abbreviations apply:
AIC application interpreted construct
AP application protocol
B-rep boundary representation solid model
4 EXPRESS short listing
This clause specifies the EXPRESS schema that uses elements from the integrated resources and con-
tains the types, entity specializations, and functions that are specific to this part of ISO 10303.
NOTE 1 There may be subtypes and items of select lists that appear in the integrated resources that are not
imported into the AIC. Constructs are eliminated from the subtype tree or select list through the use of the implicit
interface rules of ISO 10303-11. References to eliminated constructs are outside the scope of the AIC. In some
cases, all items of the select list are eliminated. Because AICs are intended to be implemented in the context of an
application protocol, the items of the select list will be defined by the scope of the application protocol.
This application interpreted construct provides a consistent set of geometric and topological entities for
the definition of manifold solid models with faces having elementary geometry and explicitly defined
edges and vertices. The faces of the B-rep models are bounded by polylines, lines or conics.
4 �c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved
The highest level entity in this AIC is the elementary_brep_shape_representation. This is a shape_-
representation (see: ISO 10303-41) consisting of manifold_solid_brepsand mapped_itemsdefined
as translated or transformed copies of manifold_solid_breps having elementary geometry.
EXPRESS specification:
*)
SCHEMA aic_elementary_brep;
USE FROM geometry_schema(axis2_placement_3d,
cartesian_point,
cartesian_transformation_operator_3d,
circle,
conical_surface,
cylindrical_surface,
degenerate_toroidal_surface,
direction,
ellipse,
hyperbola,
line,
parabola,
plane,
polyline,
spherical_surface,
toroidal_surface,
vector);
USE FROM geometric_model_schema(manifold_solid_brep,
brep_with_voids);
REFERENCE FROM geometric_model_schema(msb_shells);
USE FROM topology_schema(closed_shell,
connected_face_set,
edge_curve,
edge_loop,
face_bound,
face_outer_bound,
face_surface,
oriented_closed_shell,
vertex_loop,
vert
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10303-513
First edition
2000-09-01
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Product data representation
and exchange —
Part 513:
Application interpreted construct:
Elementary boundary representation
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Représentation et
échange de données de produits —
Partie 513: Construction interprétée d'application: Représentation des
limites élémentaires
Reference number
©
ISO 2000
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
1 Scope . . . . . 1
2 Normativereferences . . . . 2
3 Terms,definitions,andabbreviations . . . . 2
3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303-1 . . . . 3
3.2 Terms defined in ISO 10303-42 . . . 3
3.3 Terms defined in ISO 10303-202 . . . 3
3.4 Terms defined in ISO 10303-514 . . . 4
3.5 Otherdefinitions . . . . 4
3.6 Abbreviations. . . . 4
4 EXPRESSshortlisting . . . . 4
4.1 Fundamental concepts and assumptions . . . 6
4.2 aic_elementary_brep schema entity definition: elementary_brep_shape_representation 7
Annex A (normative) Short names of entities. . . 12
AnnexB(normative) Informationobjectregistration . . . 13
B.1 Documentidentification . . . . 13
B.2 Schemaidentification. . . . 13
AnnexC(informative) Computer-interpretablelistings . . . 14
AnnexD(informative) EXPRESS-Gdiagrams . . . 15
AnnexE(informative) AICconformancerequirementsandtestpurposes . . 20
E.1 AICconformancerequirements:elementaryB-rep . . . 20
E.2 TestpurposesforelementaryB-repAIC . . . 21
E.3 AbstracttestcasesforelementaryB-rep . . . 25
E.4 ContextsdefinedfortestcasesofelementaryB-rep . . . 41
Index . . . . . 56
Figures
Figure D.1 aic_elementary_boundary_representation EXPRESS-G diagram, page 1 of 4 . 16
Figure D.2 aic_elementary_boundary_representation EXPRESS-G diagram, page 2 of 4 . 17
Figure D.3 aic_elementary_boundary_representation EXPRESS-G diagram, page 3 of 4 . 18
Figure D.4 aic_elementary_boundary_representation EXPRESS-G diagram, page 4 of 4 . 19
Tables
Table A.1 Short names of entities . . . . . . 12
c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for
voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 10303 may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 10303-513 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial
automation systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial da.ta.
A complete list of parts of ISO 10303 is available from the Internet:
This part of ISO 10303 is a member of the application interpreted constructs series.
Annexes A and B form a normative part of this part of ISO 10303. Annexes C, D and E are for
information only.
ivc ISO 2000 — All rights reserved
Introduction
ISO 10303 is an International Standard for the computer-interpretable representation and exchange of
product data. The objective is to provide a neutral mechanism capable of describing product data
throughout the life cycle of a product independent from any particular system. The nature of this de-
scription makes it suitable not only for neutral file exchange, but also as a basis for implementing and
sharing product databases and archiving.
This International Standard is organized as a series of parts, each published separately. The parts of
ISO 10303 fall into one of the following series: description methods, integrated resources, application
interpreted constructs, application protocols, abstract test suites, implementation methods, and confor-
mance testing. The series are described in ISO 10303-1. This part of ISO 10303 is a member of the
application interpreted construct series.
An application interpreted construct (AIC) provides a logical grouping of interpreted constructs that
supportsa specific functionality for the usage of product data across multiple application contexts. An
interpreted construct is a common interpretation of the integrated resources that supports shared infor-
mation requirements among application protocols.
This document specifies the application interpreted construct for the definition ofa boundary representa-
tion solid with elementary geometry and explicit topology.
c ISO 2000— All rights reserved v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10303-513:2000(E)
Industrial automation systems and integration —
Product data representation and exchange —
Part 513 :
Application interpreted construct:
Elementary boundary representation
1Scope
This part of ISO 10303 specifies the interpretation of the generic resources for the definition of an ele-
mentary boundary representation model.
The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 10303:
— the definition of an elementary_brep_shape_representation, this is a representation composed
of one or more manifold_solid_breps each of which is defined with elementary geometry and
complete explicit topology;
— the definition of the unbounded geometry of curves and surfaces used in the definition of the faces
of such a B-rep model;
— the definition of the topological structure of a B-rep model;
— 3D geometry;
— B-reps;
— elementary curves, these are linesor conics;
— elementary_surfaces;
— geometric transformations;
— polylines;
— unbounded geometry;
— use of topology to bound geometric entities.
The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO 10303:
— 2D geometry;
— bounded curves other than polylines;
— bounded surfaces;
c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved 1
— offset curves and surfaces.
This AIC is independent of any industrial application domain.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this part of ISO 10303. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of,
any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 10303
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative docu-
ments indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to
applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO/IEC 8824-1: 1995, Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification
of basic notation.
ISO 10303-1: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 1 : Overview and fundamental principles.
ISO 10303-11: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 11 : Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual.
ISO/TR 10303-12: 1997, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation
and exchange - Part 12 : Description methods: The EXPRESS-I language reference manual.
ISO 10303-41: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 41 : Integrated generic resources: Fundamentals of product description and support.
ISO 10303-42: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 42 : Integrated generic resources: Geometric and topological representation.
ISO 10303-43: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 43 : Integrated generic resources: Representation structures.
ISO 10303-202: 1996, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 202: Application protocol: Associative draughting.
ISO 10303-514: 1999, Industrial automation systems and integration - Product data representation and
exchange - Part 514: Application interpreted construct: Advanced boundary representation.
2c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303-1
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-1 apply.
— application;
— application context;
— application protocol;
— implementation method;
— integrated resource;
— interpretation;
— product data.
3.2 Terms defined in ISO 10303-42
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-42 apply.
— arcwise connected;
— boundary;
— bounds;
— coordinate space;
— curve;
— open curve;
— orientable;
— surface;
— topological sense.
3.3 Terms defined in ISO 10303-202
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-202 apply.
c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved 3
— AIC.
3.4 Terms defined in ISO 10303-514
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-514 apply.
— manifold solid.
3.5 Other definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303 the following definitions apply:
3.5.1
elementary B-rep shape representation
a shape representation made up of one or more manifold solid B-reps. Each constituent B-rep is required
to have its faces and edges defined by elementary geometry.
3.5.2
elementary geometry
geometry composed of lines, polylines, conicsand elementary_surfaces.
3.6 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following abbreviations apply:
AIC application interpreted construct
AP application protocol
B-rep boundary representation solid model
4 EXPRESS short listing
This clause specifies the EXPRESS schema that uses elements from the integrated resources and con-
tains the types, entity specializations, and functions that are specific to this part of ISO 10303.
NOTE 1 There may be subtypes and items of select lists that appear in the integrated resources that are not
imported into the AIC. Constructs are eliminated from the subtype tree or select list through the use of the implicit
interface rules of ISO 10303-11. References to eliminated constructs are outside the scope of the AIC. In some
cases, all items of the select list are eliminated. Because AICs are intended to be implemented in the context of an
application protocol, the items of the select list will be defined by the scope of the application protocol.
This application interpreted construct provides a consistent set of geometric and topological entities for
the definition of manifold solid models with faces having elementary geometry and explicitly defined
edges and vertices. The faces of the B-rep models are bounded by polylines, lines or conics.
4c ISO 2000 — All rights reserved
The highest level entity in this AIC is the elementary_brep_shape_representation. This is a shape_-
representation (see: ISO 10303-41) consisting of manifold_solid_brepsand mapped_itemsdefined
as translated or transformed copies of manifold_solid_breps having elementary geometry.
EXPRESS specification:
*)
SCHEMA aic_elementary_brep;
USE FROM geometry_schema(axis2_placement_3d,
cartesian_point,
cartesian_transformation_operator_3d,
circle,
conical_surface,
cylindrical_surface,
degenerate_toroidal_surface,
direction,
ellipse,
hyperbola,
line,
parabola,
plane,
polyline,
spherical_surface,
toroidal_surface,
vector);
USE FROM geometric_model_schema(manifold_solid_brep,
brep_with_voids);
REFERENCE FROM geometric_model_schema(msb_shells);
USE FROM topology_schema(closed_shell,
connected_face_set,
edge_curve,
edge_loop,
face_bound,
face_outer_bound,
face_surface,
oriented_closed_shell,
vertex_loop,
vertex_point);
...
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