ISO/TS 19677:2025
(Main)Assessing the adverse impact of wildland fires on the environment and to people through environmental exposure
Assessing the adverse impact of wildland fires on the environment and to people through environmental exposure
This document addresses the impact of wildland fires and firefighting activities on the environment (air, water, soil, wildlife and vegetation). It further addresses the impact of wildland fire effluents on exposed human population, including firefighters, as well as food production, land, sea and air traffic, and the built environment. It also describes the environmental impacts of firefighting activities. This document also provides requirements and recommendations to quantify such impacts of wildland fires and to establish post-fire mitigation measures. The wildland fires covered include both natural wildland fires and man-initiated fires, including prescribed burning and agricultural fires, but not peat fires nor coal seam fires. This document is intended to serve as a tool for the development of standard protocols for: — the assessment of local and remote adverse environmental impacts of wildland fires; — the assessment of the effects of smoke and gas exposure on firefighters and exposed human populations. It provides guidance for incident commanders and other responsible or affected parties when decisions regarding firefighting strategies, tactics, and restoration are made. It is intended principally for use by firefighters and investigators, insurance providers, environmental regulatory authorities, civil defence organisations, public health authorities and land owners. This document does not include specific instruction on compiling and reporting the information needed to assess environmental damage caused by a fire incident, nor does it include specific sampling methodologies and analysis requirements. These topics are the focus of documents in the ISO 26367 series. This document does not address either fire damage to the built environment, direct acute toxicity issues, which are covered by other ISO standards (ISO 19706, ISO 13571 and ISO 24679-1), nor does it address economic impact, although the impact of climate change is discussed in Annex D.
Évaluation de l'impact négatif des feux d'espaces naturels sur l'environnement et les personnes par exposition environnementale
Le présent document traite de l'impact des feux d'espaces naturels et des activités de lutte contre l'incendie sur l'environnement (air, eau, sol, faune et végétation). Il traite également de l'impact des effluents des feux d'espaces naturels sur les populations humaines exposées, y compris les sapeurs-pompiers, mais aussi sur la production alimentaire, sur le trafic terrestre, maritime et aérien et sur l'environnement bâti. Il décrit également les impacts environnementaux des activités de lutte contre l'incendie. Le présent document fournit également des exigences et des recommandations pour quantifier les impacts des feux d'espaces naturels et pour établir des mesures d'atténuation post-incendie. Les feux d'espaces naturels couverts comprennent les feux naturels et les feux déclenchés par l'homme, y compris le brûlage dirigé et les feux agricoles, mais pas les feux de tourbe ni les feux dans les mines de charbon. Le présent document est destiné à servir d'outil pour le développement de protocoles normalisés pour: — l'évaluation des impacts environnementaux négatifs locaux et à distance des feux d'espaces naturels; — l'évaluation des effets de l'exposition à la fumée et aux gaz des sapeurs-pompiers et des populations humaines exposées. Il fournit des lignes directrices pour le commandement opérationnel et autres responsables ou les parties affectées lorsque des décisions sont prises concernant les stratégies de lutte contre l'incendie, la tactique et la restauration. Il est destiné principalement aux sapeurs-pompiers et enquêteurs, aux assureurs, aux autorités de réglementation environnementale, aux organismes de protection civile, aux autorités de la santé publique et aux propriétaires fonciers. Le présent document ne contient pas d'instruction spécifique concernant la compilation des informations requises pour évaluer les dommages environnementaux causés par un incident de feu et établir un rapport circonstancié, ni d'exigences spécifiques relatives aux méthodes d'échantillonnage et à l'analyse. Ces sujets sont traités dans la série ISO 26367. Le présent document ne traite pas non plus des dommages causés par le feu à l'environnement bâti, ni des problèmes de toxicité aiguë directe qui sont couverts par d'autres normes ISO; il ne traite pas non plus de l'impact économique bien que l'impact du changement climatique soit discuté dans l'Annexe D.
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ISO/TS 19677
Second edition
Assessing the adverse impact
2025-07
of wildland fires on the
environment and to people through
environmental exposure
Évaluation de l'impact négatif des feux d'espaces naturels
sur l'environnement et les personnes par exposition
environnementale
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Wildland fire variables . 2
5 Environmental impact of wildland fires . 3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Fire testing and data collection .3
5.3 Impact of wildland fire on air .4
5.3.1 Nature of impact .4
5.3.2 Quantification of impact .4
5.3.3 Mitigation of impact .4
5.4 Impact of wildland fire on water .4
5.4.1 Nature of impact .4
5.4.2 Quantification of impact .5
5.4.3 Mitigation of impact .5
5.5 Impact of wildland fire on soil .6
5.5.1 Nature of impact .6
5.5.2 Quantification of impact .6
5.5.3 Mitigation of impact .6
5.6 Impact of wildland fire on vegetation . .6
5.6.1 Nature of impact .6
5.6.2 Quantification of impact .7
5.6.3 Mitigation of impact .7
5.7 Impact of wildland fire on wildlife .7
5.7.1 Nature of impact .7
5.7.2 Quantification of impact .7
5.7.3 Mitigation of impact .7
5.8 Impact of wildland fire on exposed human populations .7
5.8.1 Nature of impact .7
5.8.2 Quantification of impact .8
5.8.3 Minimising health threats to exposed human populations .8
5.9 Impact of wildland fire on firefighters .9
5.9.1 Nature of impact .9
5.9.2 Quantification of impact .9
5.9.3 Mitigation of impact .9
5.10 Impact of wildland fire on food production .9
5.10.1 Nature of impact .9
5.10.2 Quantification of impact .9
5.10.3 Mitigation of impact .10
5.11 Impact of wildland fire on land, sea and air traffic .10
5.11.1 Nature of impact .10
5.11.2 Quantification of impact .10
5.11.3 Mitigation of impact .10
5.12 Impact of wildland fire on the built environment .10
5.12.1 Nature of impact .10
5.12.2 Quantification of impact .10
5.12.3 Mitigation of impact .10
6 The impact of firefighting activities .11
6.1 Nature of impact.11
6.2 Quantification of impact .11
6.3 Mitigation of impact .11
iii
Annex A (informative) Wildland fire incidents and their environmental impact .12
Annex B (informative) Airborne combustion products identified from wildland fires .15
Annex C (informative) Firefighting chemical additives and their environmental impact .16
Annex D (informative) Impact of climate change . 17
Bibliography .18
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 3, Fire threat
to people and environment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 19677:2019)
...
FINAL DRAFT
Technical
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ISO/DTS 19677
ISO/TC 92/SC 3
Assessing the adverse impact
Secretariat: AFNOR
of wildland fires on the
Voting begins on:
environment and to people through
2025-04-23
environmental exposure
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2025-06-18
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Reference number
ISO/DTS 19677:2025(en) © ISO 2025
FINAL DRAFT
ISO/DTS 19677:2025(en)
Technical
Specification
ISO/DTS 19677
ISO/TC 92/SC 3
Assessing the adverse impact
Secretariat: AFNOR
of wildland fires on the
Voting begins on:
environment and to people through
environmental exposure
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DTS 19677:2025(en) © ISO 2025
ii
ISO/DTS 19677:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Wildland fire variables . 2
5 Environmental impact of wildland fires . 3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Fire testing and data collection .3
5.3 Impact of wildland fire on air .4
5.3.1 Nature of impact .4
5.3.2 Quantification of impact .4
5.3.3 Mitigation of impact .4
5.4 Impact of wildland fire on water .4
5.4.1 Nature of impact .4
5.4.2 Quantification of impact .5
5.4.3 Mitigation of impact .5
5.5 Impact of wildland fire on soil .6
5.5.1 Nature of impact .6
5.5.2 Quantification of impact .6
5.5.3 Mitigation of impact .6
5.6 Impact of wildland fire on vegetation . .6
5.6.1 Nature of impact .6
5.6.2 Quantification of impact .7
5.6.3 Mitigation of impact .7
5.7 Impact of wildland fire on wildlife .7
5.7.1 Nature of impact .7
5.7.2 Quantification of impact .7
5.7.3 Mitigation of impact .7
5.8 Impact of wildland fire on exposed human populations .7
5.8.1 Nature of impact .7
5.8.2 Quantification of impact .8
5.8.3 Minimising health threats to exposed human populations .8
5.9 Impact of wildland fire on firefighters .9
5.9.1 Nature of impact .9
5.9.2 Quantification of impact .9
5.9.3 Mitigation of impact .9
5.10 Impact of wildland fire on food production .9
5.10.1 Nature of impact .9
5.10.2 Quantification of impact .9
5.10.3 Mitigation of impact .10
5.11 Impact of wildland fire on land, sea and air traffic .10
5.11.1 Nature of impact .10
5.11.2 Quantification of impact .10
5.11.3 Mitigation of impact .10
5.12 Impact of wildland fire on the built environment .10
5.12.1 Nature of impact .10
5.12.2 Quantification of impact .10
5.12.3 Mitigation of impact .10
6 The impact of firefighting activities .11
6.1 Nature of impact.11
6.2 Quantification of impact .11
6.3 Mitigation of impact .11
iii
ISO/DTS 19677:2025(en)
Annex A (informative) Wildland fire incidents and their environmental impact .12
Annex B (informative) Airborne combustion products identified from wildland fires .15
Annex C (informative) Firefighting chemical additives and their environmental impact .16
Annex D (informative) Impact of climate change . 17
Bibliography .18
iv
ISO/DTS 19677:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this docu
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ISO/DTS 19677:2025(en)
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ISO/TC 92/SC 3
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Secretariat: AFNOR .
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Assessing· the· adverse· impact· of· wildland· fires· on· the·
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environment· and· to· people· through· environmental· exposure
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ISO/DTS 19677:2025(E:(en) Formatted: Font: Bold
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO'sISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Officecopyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Formatted: zzCopyright address, Adjust space between Latin
and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Formatted: French (France)
Email: copyright@iso.org
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Commented [eXtyles1]: The URL https://www.iso.org/ has
been redirected to https://www.iso.org/home.html. Please verify the
URL.
Published in Switzerland.
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and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
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ii 2024
ii
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ISO/DTS 19677:2025(:(en)
Formatted: Font: Cambria, 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: Font: Cambria, Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Wildland fire variables . 3
5 Environmental impact of wildland fires . 3
5.1 General. 3
5.2 Fire testing and data collection . 4
5.3 Impact of wildland fire on air . 4
5.4 Impact of wildland fire on water . 5
5.5 Impact of wildland fire on soil . 7
5.6 Impact of wildland fire on vegetation . 8
5.7 Impact of wildland fire on wildlife . 8
5.8 Impact of wildland fire on exposed human populations . 9
5.9 Impact of wildland fire on firefighters . 10
5.10 Impact of wildland fire on food production . 11
5.11 Impact of wildland fire on land, sea and air traffic . 11
5.12 Impact of wildland fire on the built environment. 12
6 The impact of firefighting activities . 12
6.1 Nature of impact . 12
6.2 Quantification of impact . 13
6.3 Mitigation of impact . 13
Annex A (informative) Wildland fire incidents and their environmental impact . 14
Annex B (informative) Airborne combustion products identified from wildland fires . 17
Annex C (informative) Firefighting chemical additives and their environmental impact . 18
Annex D (informative) Impact of climate change . 20
Bibliography . 21
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© ISO 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/DTS 19677:2025(E:(en) Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered
Foreword Formatted: Line spacing: single, Adjust space between Latin
and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers,
Tab stops: Not at 0.71 cm
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this
document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document.
However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be
obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see
www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html),
see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 3, Fire threat
to people and environment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 19677:2019), which has been technically Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
revised.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
The main change is as follows:
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— — Anan addition on Canadian WUI fires has been added. Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.www.iso.org/members.html.
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iv 2024
iv
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ISO/DTS 19677:2025(:(en)
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Introduction
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and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers,
This document gives guidance and provides a methodology for assessing the adverse environmental impact
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of wildland fires and wildland firefighting operations. The serious consequences of the adverse impact of fire
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effluent from forest, shrubland and grassland fires to the environment and to people, through environmental
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exposure, have confirmed that it is an important issue that urgently needs to be dealt with internationally and
systematically. This document provides a framework for a common treatment of the environmental impact of
wildland fires.
General awareness of the fact that large wildland fires present serious and persistent adverse effects on the
environment has been accentuated by a number of high impact incidents over the past half century. In
Annex A,In Annex A, some recent wildland fire incidents are listed and their environmental impact is
described.
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© ISO 2025 – All rights reserved
v
FINAL DRAFT Technical Specification ISO/DTS 19677:2025(en)
Formatted: Left
Assessing· the· adverse· impact· of· wildland· fires· on· the·
environment· and· to· people· through· environmental· exposure
1 Scope
This document addresses the impact of wildland fires and firefighting activities on the environment (air,
water, soil, wildlife and vegetation). It further addresses the impact of wildland fire effluents on exposed
human population, including firefighters, as well as food production, land, sea and air traffic, and the built
environment. It also describes the environmental impacts of firefighting activities.
This document also provides requirements and recommendations to quantify such impacts of wildland fires
and to establish post-fire mitigation measures.
The wildland fires covered include both natural wildland fires and man-initiated fires, including prescribed
burning and agricultural fires, but not peat fires nor coal seam fires.
This document is intended to serve as a tool for the development of standard protocols for:
— — the assessment of local and remote adverse environmental impacts of wildland fires; Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust
...
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