ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd 5:2015

Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 27: 3D Graphics conformance — Amendment 5: Multi-resolution 3D mesh compression

Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels — Partie 27: Conformité aux graphiques 3D — Amendement 5: Compression de maille en 3D à résolution multiple

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 05-Nov-2015
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 - Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 06-Nov-2015
• Due Date: 23-Jan-2016
• Completion Date: 15-Sep-2015

Relations

• Amends: ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009 - Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 27: 3D Graphics conformance
• Effective Date: 17-Jul-2021

Overview

ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd 5:2015 is an amendment to the international standard for information technology, specifically focused on the coding of audio-visual objects within the MPEG-4 framework. This amendment addresses Part 27: 3D Graphics Conformance, with a particular emphasis on multi-resolution 3D mesh compression. Developed by the joint ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 committee, this standard enhances the ability to test and implement advanced compression and conformance techniques for complex 3D graphics content.

The amendment augments previous 3D mesh conformance standards by incorporating support for test bitstreams, multi-resolution encoding, and compression methods that are essential for efficient storage, transmission, and rendering of 3D models.

Key Topics

• 3D Mesh Compression: The standard introduces multi-resolution techniques for compressing 3D mesh data, enabling scalable transmission and use in bandwidth-constrained environments.
• Bitstream Conformance Testing: It specifies a series of reference bitstreams and corresponding files in multiple formats (X3D, XMT, COLLADA), which are used to validate the implementation and interoperability of 3D codecs.
• Multi-Resolution Support: Through various test cases and reference files, the amendment covers different levels of detail and animation types, including static meshes, animated objects, and those with complex textures.
• Entropy Coding Schemes: Updates introduce and refine methods like Exponential Golomb, Arithmetic, Bit Precision, and 4-bit entropy coding for more effective compression and decompression processes.
• Attribute and Animation Compliance: The document covers both mesh attributes and diverse animation techniques, ensuring completeness in 3D content conformance validation.
• Reference Model Adaptation: Multiple names and configurations for test cases reflect adaptations to typical industry models as well as synthetic references.

Applications

The adoption of ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd 5:2015 benefits a broad range of applications in the 3D graphics and multimedia sector:

• 3D Content Creation and Authoring: Efficient compression enables creators to produce and store high-quality 3D models with reduced file sizes, improving workflow flexibility.
• Streaming and Transmission: Scalable, multi-resolution mesh compression is essential for delivering 3D content over networks with varying bandwidth, supporting use cases from online gaming to remote design review.
• Augmented and Virtual Reality: Applications in AR/VR benefit from compressed 3D assets that can be loaded and rendered dynamically, supporting real-time environments and interactive media.
• Mobile and Web 3D Visualization: Reduced mesh sizes allow for smoother rendering and interaction with 3D objects on resource-constrained devices.
• Archiving and Interchange of 3D Assets: Standardized test files and encoding methods facilitate long-term archiving, reliable exchange, and interoperability between different 3D visualization and modeling tools.

Related Standards

For comprehensive implementation, ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd 5:2015 should be considered alongside the following:

• ISO/IEC 14496 (MPEG-4) series - The broader family of standards for the coding of audio-visual objects.
• ISO/IEC 14496-16 - Animation Framework eXtension (AFX), providing a foundation for the representation and coding of animated 3D content.
• ISO/IEC 14496-11 - Scene description and synchronization, relevant for combining 3D mesh data with multimedia streams.
• Industry File Formats: Reference to popular 3D formats such as X3D, COLLADA, and XML-based MPEG-4 (XMT) supports widespread adoption and interoperability.

ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd 5:2015 is a key component in advancing the state-of-the-art in 3D graphics compression, ensuring reliable conformance testing, and supporting the rapidly evolving needs of interactive and multimedia-rich applications.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14496-27
First edition
2009-12-15
AMENDMENT 5
2015-11-01
Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects —
Part 27:
3D Graphics conformance
AMENDMENT 5: Multi-resolution 3D
mesh compression
Technologies de l’information — Codage des objets audiovisuels —
Partie 27: Conformité aux graphiques 3D
AMENDEMENT 5: Compression de maille en 3D à résolution multiple
Reference number
ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd.5:2015(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2015
ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd.5:2015(E)

© ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd.5:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Amendment 5 to ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1,
Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia
information.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd.5:2015(E)
Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects —
Part 27: 3D Graphics conformance, AMENDMENT 5: Multi-
resolution 3D mesh compression
In 6.3.2 Test bitstreams, replace:
Name (for bitstream Attribute/Paramet AFX X3D file XMT file COLLADA file
filename, add .mp4) er codecs (.x3d) (.xmt) (.dae)
File with simple
Axe 3DMCe axe Axe axe
static mesh
File with one big
Cottage 3DMCe cottage Cottage cottage
mesh
File with more
Xplaneh static meshes and 3DMCe xplaneh xplaneh xplaneh
color
File with static
basketball 3DMCe basketball basketball basketball
mesh and texture
File with static
Box 3DMCe box Box box
mesh with texture
File with bone-
3DMCe,
Rabbit based animation N/A Rabbit rabbit
BBA
and texture
File with bone—
3DMCe,
Eagle based animation N/A eagle eagle
BBA
and texture
File with more
3DMCe,
Hero meshes and Hero hero hero
BBA
animation
File with
PositionInterpolator
PI_troll 3DMCe, PI PI_Troll PI_Troll PI_Troll
animation and
textures
File with
OrientationInterpol
OI_rabbit 3DMCe, OI OI_rabbit OI_rabbit OI_rabbit
ator animation and
textures
File with
CI_box CoordinateInterpol 3DMCe, CI CI_box CI_box CI_box
ator animation
File with frame- 3DMCe,
eagle-fb eagle-fb eagle-fb eagle-fb
based animation FAMC
File with frame- 3DMCe,
shark-fb shark-fb shark-fb shark-fb
based animation FAMC
File with frame- 3DMCe,
wolf-fb wolf-fb wolf-fb wolf-fb
based animation FAMC
File with frame- 3DMCe,
dragon-fb dragon-fb dragon-fb dragon-fb
based animation FAMC
File with frame- 3DMCe,
tablecloth-fb tablecloth-fb tablecloth-fb tablecloth-fb
based animation FAMC
QBCR, circular
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_CD_EG prediction, Exponential
Golomb entropy coding
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved 1

ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd.5:2015(E)
Name (for bitstream Attribute/Paramet AFX X3D file XMT file COLLADA file
filename, add .mp4) er codecs (.x3d) (.xmt) (.dae)
QBCR, circular
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_CD_AC prediction, Arithmetic
coding
QBCR, circular
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_CD_BP prediction, Bit precision
entropy coding
QBCR, circular
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_CD_4C prediction, 4-bit entropy
coding
QBCR, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
AXE_Q_Ad_EG prediction, Exponential
Golomb entropy coding
QBCR, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_Ad_AC prediction, Arithmetic
coding
QBCR, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_Ad_BP prediction, Bit precision
entropy coding
QBCR, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_Ad_4C prediction, 4-bit entropy
coding
QBCR, XOR prediction,
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_Xo_EG Exponential Golomb
entropy coding
SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
QBCR, XOR prediction,
AXE_Q_ Xo _AC
Arithmetic coding
QBCR, XOR prediction,
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_ Xo _BP Bit precision entropy
coding
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
QBCR, XOR prediction,
AXE_Q_ Xo _4C
4-bit entropy coding
QBCR, differential
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_Di_EG prediction, Exponential
Golomb entropy coding
QBCR, differential
SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
AXE_Q_ Di _BP prediction, Bit precision
entropy coding
QBCR, differential
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_Q_ Di _4C prediction, 4-bit entropy
coding
SVA, circular prediction,
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_CD_EG Exponential Golomb
entropy coding
SVA, circular prediction, SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_CD_AC
Arithmetic coding
SVA, circular prediction,
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_CD_BP Bit precision entropy
coding
2 © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd.5:2015(E)
Name (for bitstream Attribute/Paramet AFX X3D file XMT file COLLADA file
filename, add .mp4) er codecs (.x3d) (.xmt) (.dae)
SVA, circular prediction, SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
AXE_S_CD_4C
4-bit entropy coding
SVA, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_Ad_EG prediction, Exponential
Golomb entropy coding
SVA, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_Ad_AC prediction, Arithmetic
coding
SVA, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_Ad_BP prediction, Bit precision
entropy coding
SVA, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_Ad_4C prediction, 4-bit entropy
coding
SVA, XOR prediction,
SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
AXE_S_Xo_EG Exponential Golomb
entropy coding
SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
SVA, XOR prediction,
AXE_S_ Xo _AC
Arithmetic coding
SVA, XOR prediction,
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_ Xo _BP Bit precision entropy
coding
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
SVA, XOR prediction, 4-
AXE_S_ Xo _4C
bit entropy coding
SVA, differential
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_Di_EG prediction, Exponential
Golomb entropy coding
SVA, differential
SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
AXE_S_ Di _AC prediction, Arithmetic
coding
SVA, differential
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_ Di _BP prediction, Bit precision
entropy coding
SVA, differential
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_S_ Di _4C prediction, 4-bit entropy
coding
TFAN, circular
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_CD_EG prediction, Exponential
Golomb entropy coding
TFAN, circular
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_CD_AC prediction, Arithmetic
coding
TFAN, circular
SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
AXE_T_CD_BP prediction, Bit precision
entropy coding
TFAN, circular
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_CD_4C prediction, 4-bit entropy
coding
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved 5

ISO/IEC 14496-27:2009/Amd.5:2015(E)
Name (for bitstream Attribute/Paramet AFX X3D file XMT file COLLADA file
filename, add .mp4) er codecs (.x3d) (.xmt) (.dae)
TFAN, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_Ad_EG prediction, Exponential
Golomb entropy coding
TFAN, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_Ad_AC prediction, Arithmetic
coding
TFAN, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_Ad_BP prediction, Bit precision
entropy coding
TFAN, adaptive
SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
AXE_T_Ad_4C prediction, 4-bit entropy
coding
TFAN, XOR prediction,
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_Xo_EG Exponential Golomb
entropy coding
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
TFAN, XOR prediction,
AXE_T_ Xo _AC
Arithmetic coding
TFAN, XOR prediction,
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_ Xo _BP Bit precision entropy
coding
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
TFAN, XOR prediction,
AXE_T_ Xo _4C
4-bit entropy coding
TFAN, differential
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_ Di _BP prediction, Bit precision
entropy coding
TFAN, differential
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
AXE_T_ Di _4C prediction, 4-bit entropy
coding
TFAN, TFAN-based
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
parallelogram
AXE_T_Tf_EG
prediction, Exponential
Golomb entropy coding
TFAN, TFAN-based
SC3DMC N/A N/A axe
AXE_T_Tf _AC parallelogram prediction
Arithmetic coding
TFAN, TFAN-based
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
parallelogram
AXE_T_ Tf _BP
prediction, Bit precision
entropy coding
TFAN, TFAN-based
SC3DMC N/A N/A Axe
parallelogram
AXE_T_ Tf _4C
prediction, 4-bit entropy
coding
TFAN with vertex
orderin
...