ISO/FDIS 25160

• Abstract:

  This document specifies test methods of round steel hose reinforcement wire which are used for hose reinforcement. Test methods on mechanical properties and chemical properties (coating analysis) are included. By agreement, these test methods may be applied to similar single filaments used for reinforcement other rubber products.

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 77.140.65 - Steel wire, wire ropes and link chains
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 17/SC 17 - Steel wire rod and wire products
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 17/SC 17 - Steel wire rod and wire products
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 04-Sep-2026
• Completion Date: 04-Sep-2026

Overview

ISO/FDIS 25160:2026, Testing method for hose reinforcement wire, is an international standard developed by ISO/TC 17/SC 17. This document outlines the methods for testing round steel hose reinforcement wires, which are crucial components in the manufacturing of reinforced hoses and other rubber-based products. The standard covers a comprehensive range of mechanical and chemical property tests, including evaluation methods for diameter, mechanical strength, torsion, reverse bending, and coating analysis.

The primary goal of ISO/FDIS 25160 is to ensure consistent product quality, reliability, and safety for hose reinforcement wires by providing standardized testing procedures for both manufacturers and end users. These test methods can also be applied, by agreement, to other single filaments used for reinforcement of rubber products.

Key Topics

• Diameter Measurement: Specifies the use of micrometers and non-contact (laser) devices to accurately measure the diameter of wire samples, ensuring precise dimensional verification.
• Mechanical Properties:
  • Breaking Force, Yield Force, and Elongation: Describes tensile testing procedures to assess key strength metrics.
  • Knot Strength: Outlines the knot test for evaluating ductility and complex stress behavior, particularly beneficial for thinner wires.
  • Torsion Resistance: Details the method to determine the wire’s ability to endure plastic deformation under torsional load.
  • Reverse Bending: Examines the capacity of wire to withstand repeated reverse bends, an indicator of fatigue resistance.
  • Cast and Dead Cast: Defines methods to measure the wire’s natural curve and out-of-plane deviation, influencing ease of handling and installation.
• Chemical Properties:
  • Coating Mass and Composition: Provides techniques using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to quantify coating mass, composition, and thickness, critical for corrosion resistance and product longevity.
• Test Procedures and Reporting: Each testing method includes detailed procedures for sample preparation, equipment requirements, calculation methods, and criteria for valid results, promoting transparency and reproducibility.

Applications

ISO/FDIS 25160 plays a key role in multiple sectors, particularly:

• Hose Manufacturing: Ensures reinforcement wires meet strict specifications for use in hydraulic, industrial, and automotive hoses, enhancing burst strength and durability.
• Quality Control: Provides manufacturers with a standardized set of procedures for consistency in batch production and validation of incoming materials.
• R&D and Product Development: Serves as a baseline for comparing new wire materials or processing techniques.
• Supplier Assessment: Enables buyers and quality assurance teams to verify supplier compliance with international quality standards.
• Reinforcement of Other Rubber Products: By agreement, the methods are applicable to similar single filaments used in a wide range of reinforced rubber goods beyond hoses.

Related Standards

Users of ISO/FDIS 25160 should also refer to these related ISO standards for comprehensive coverage of wire testing and product conformity:

• ISO 7800:2012 - Metallic materials – Wire – Simple torsion test
• ISO 23717 - Steel wire and wire products – Hose reinforcement wire

Staying aligned with these and other relevant ISO standards helps organizations maintain high levels of product quality, safety, and regulatory compliance, benefiting both manufacturers and end-users within the global supply chain.

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Keywords: hose reinforcement wire, steel wire testing, ISO 25160, mechanical property test, coating analysis, wire diameter measurement, quality control, hose manufacturing, tensile testing, X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption spectrometry, international standard.

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 17/SC 17
Testing method for hose
Secretariat: SAC
reinforcement wire
Voting begins on:
Méthode d'essai pour le fil de renforcement des tuyaux 2026-09-04
Voting terminates on:
2026-10-30
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 17/SC 17
Testing method for hose
Secretariat: SAC
reinforcement wire
Voting begins on:
Méthode d'essai pour le fil de renforcement des tuyaux
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Diameter . 2
4.1 Measuring with a micrometer .2
4.1.1 Principle .2
4.1.2 Apparatus .2
4.1.3 Test procedure.2
4.2 Measuring with non-contact methods — Laser .4
5 Breaking force and yield force and elongation . 4
5.1 Principle .4
5.2 Apparatus .5
5.2.1 Tensile testing machine .5
5.2.2 Grips.5
5.2.3 Extensometer .5
5.2.4 Oven .6
5.3 Test procedure .6
5.3.1 Sample preparation .6
5.3.2 Test settings.6
5.3.3 Test process .7
5.3.4 Calculation .7
5.3.5 Report.7
6 Knot strength . 7
6.1 Principle .7
6.2 Apparatus .7
6.3 Test procedure .7
6.3.1 Sample preparation .7
6.3.2 Test process .8
6.3.3 Calculation .8
6.3.4 Report.8
7 Torsion resistance . 8
7.1 Principle .8
7.2 Symbols .8
7.3 Apparatus .9
7.3.1 Torsion test machine .9
7.4 Test procedures .9
7.4.1 Sample preparation .9
7.4.2 Test process .9
7.4.3 Test report .10
8 Reverse bending or flexions . 10
8.1 Principle .10
8.2 Apparatus .11
8.3 Procedure . 13
8.3.1 Sample preparation . 13
8.3.2 Test process . 13
8.3.3 Test report . 13
9 Cast and dead cast . 14
9.1 Principle .14
9.2 Apparatus .14
9.3 Procedure .14
9.3.1 Cast .14

iii
9.3.2 Tip rise . .14
9.3.3 Test report .14
10 Determination of mass and composition of coating .15
10.1 Determination of mass and composition of coating by X-ray fluorescent spectrometers . 15
10.1.1 Principle . 15
10.1.2 Apparatus . 15
10.1.3 Reagents . 15
10.1.4 Preparation of test samples .16
10.1.5 Procedure .16
10.1.6 Expression of results .16
10.1.7 Test report .17
10.2 Determination of mass and composition of coating by atomic absorption spectrometry .17
10.2.1 Principle .17
10.2.2 Apparatus .17
10.2.3 Reagents .17
10.2.4 Procedure .18
10.2.5 Calculation .18
10.2.6 Test report .18

iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 17, Steel wire rod
and wire products.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 25160:2026(en)
Testing method for hose reinforcement wire
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods of round steel hose reinforcement wire which are used for hose
reinforcement. Test methods on mechanical properties and chemical properties (coating analysis) are
included.
By agreement, these test methods can be applied to similar single filaments used for reinforcement of other
rubber products.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7800:2012, Metallic materials — Wire — Simple torsion test
ISO 23717, Steel wire and wire products — Hose reinforcement wire
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23717 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
breaking force
force level (B ) at fracture, expressed in N
L
3.2
maximum force
F
m
highest force the test piece withstands, expressed in N
3.3
elongation
percent total elongation at break (A ) is the extension at break divided by the original specimen length
t
times 100
3.4
yield force
force level at 0,2 % permanent elongation offset, expressed in N

4 Diameter
4.1 Measuring with a micrometer
4.1.1 Principle
Hold a wire sample between two parallel circulars faced spindles of a micrometer. Close the movable spindle
gradually with controlled speed until it is in contact with the specimen. Read the value on the micrometer.
4.1.2 Apparatus
4.1.2.1 Micrometer
a) A precision cylindrical outside micrometer with non-rotating spindle type (see Figure 1).
b) In a laboratory setting, a digital precision micrometer with resolution of 0,001 mm shall be used.
c) Circular spindle Φ6,35 mm
d) Measuring range is from 0 mm to 25 mm.
e) Measuring force range: < 10 N.
Figure 1 — Cylindrical outside micrometer
4.1.3 Test procedure
4.1.3.1 Sample preparation
a) Cut a sample at length (about 10 cm to 15 cm).
b) A right-angle bend in the wire is to be applied to assist in rotating the wire between measurements.
c) The measured area of the wire shall be as straight as possible.
d) The wire surface shall be clean. Dirt and lubricant residues shall be removed with a clean tissue.
4.1.3.2 Zero-setting of the micrometer
a) Verify if the ‘display and nonius’ for digital micrometers and ‘nonius’ for analogue micrometers show
0,000 mm when the anvils are closed in a controlled way with 3 friction clicks.
b) When ‘reset action’ is needed; always first clean the anvil surface of the micrometer with clean paper
before the reset button is used.
c) This ‘zero-setting’ procedure needs to be done before each test series.

4.1.3.3 Methods of measuring
a) Method 1: Cylindrical outside micrometer: open and close method (see Figure 2).

Key
d the first reading, expressed in millimetres (mm)
d is the second reading, expressed in millimetres (mm)
d is the third reading, expressed in millimetres (mm)
d is the maximum diameter, expressed in millimetres (mm)
a
d is the minimum diameter, expressed in millimetres (mm)
b
Figure 2 — Diameter test diagrams
1) The movable anvil is closed until it is in contact with the specimen. The closing speed shall be controlled
until 3 clicks heard. The closing speed shall be controlled to avoid too high closing pressure and pressure
overshoots.
2) Measure value 1 and record as d .
3) Measure value 2 at 60° ± 10° rotation of the wire and record as d .
4) Measure value 3 at another 60° ± 10° rotating of the wire and record as d .
NOTE 1 Avoid measuring every 90° because after 2 rotations one is measuring at same angle again.
NOTE 2 When measuring method ‘out of roundness’ (ovality) is required.
5) Axially rotate the specimen between successive measurements to find maximum and minimum
diameter.
b) Method 2: Cylindrical outside micrometer: rotating method (see Figure 2).
1) The movable anvil is closed until it is in contact with the specimen and stay closed under a manually
applied stable closing force.
2) The sample is manually rotated 360° while the anvils are still in close position.
3) Maximum and minimum diameter is noted.
4) Average diameter is calculated out of Max and Min.

4.1.3.4 Calculations and report
4.1.3.4.1 M
...

ISO/TC 17/SC 17
Secretariat: SAC
Date: 2026-06-3008-21
Testing method for hose reinforcement wire
Méthode d'essai pour le fil de renforcement des tuyaux
FDIS stage
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Diameter . 2
4.1 Measuring with a micrometer . 2
4.2 Measuring with non-contact methods — Laser . 5
5 Breaking force and yield force and elongation . 5
5.1 Principle . 5
5.2 Apparatus . 7
5.3 Test procedure . 8
6 Knot strength . 9
6.1 Principle . 9
6.2 Apparatus . 9
6.3 Test procedure . 9
7 Torsion resistance . 10
7.1 Principle . 10
7.2 Symbols . 10
7.3 Apparatus . 11
7.4 Test procedures . 11
8 Reverse bending or flexions . 12
8.1 Principle . 12
8.2 Apparatus . 13
8.3 Procedure . 16
9 Cast and dead cast . 17
9.1 Principle . 17
9.2 Apparatus . 17
9.3 Procedure . 17
10 Determination of mass and composition of coating . 18
10.1 Determination of mass and composition of coating by X-ray fluorescent spectrometers . 18
10.2 Determination of mass and composition of coating by atomic absorption spectrometry . 20

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Field Code Changed
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 17, Steel wire rod
and wire products.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Testing method for hose reinforcement wire
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods of round steel hose reinforcement wire which are used for hose
reinforcement. Test methods on mechanical properties and chemical properties (coating analysis) are
included.
By agreement, these test methods maycan be applied to similar single filaments used for reinforcement of
other rubber products.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7800:2012, Metallic materials — Wire — Simple torsion test
ISO 23717, Steel wire and wire products — Hose reinforcement wire
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23717 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1
breaking force
force level (BL) at fracture, expressed in N
3.2 3.2
maximum force
F
m
highest force the test piece withstands, expressed in N
3.3 3.3
elongation
percent total elongation at break (A ) is the extension at break divided by the original specimen length
t
times 100
3.4 3.4
yield force
force level at 0,2 % permanent elongation offset, expressed in N
4 Diameter
4.1 Measuring with a micrometer
4.1.1 Principle
Hold a wire sample between two parallel circulars faced spindles of a micrometer. Close the movable spindle
gradually with controlled speed until it is in contact with the specimen. Read the value on the micrometer.
4.1.2 Apparatus
4.1.2.1 Micrometer
a) a) A precision cylindrical outside micrometer with non-rotating spindle type (see
Figure 1Figure 1).).
b) b) In a laboratory setting, a digital precision micrometer with resolution of 0,001 mm shall be
used.
c) c) Circular spindle Φ6,35 mm
d) d) Measuring range is from 0 mm to 25 mm.
e) e) Measuring force range: < 10 N.

Figure 1 — Cylindrical outside micrometer
4.1.3 Test procedure
4.1.3.1 Sample preparation
a) a) Cut a sample at length (about 10 cm to 15 cm).
b) b) A right-angle bend in the wire is to be applied to assist in rotating the wire between
measurements.
c) c) The measured area of the wire shall be as straight as possible.
d) d) The wire surface shall be clean. Dirt and lubricant residues shall be removed with a clean tissue.
4.1.3.2 Zero-setting of the micrometer
a) a) Verify if the ‘display and nonius’ for digital micrometers and ‘nonius’ for analogue micrometers
show 0,000 mm when the anvils are closed in a controlled way with 3 friction clicks.
b) b) When ‘reset action’ is needed; always first clean the anvil surface of the micrometer with clean
paper before the reset button is used.
c) c) This ‘zero-setting’ procedure needs to be done before each test series.
4.1.3.3 Methods of measuring
a) a) Method 1: Cylindrical outside micrometer: open and close method (see Figure 2Figure 2).).

Key
d1 the first reading, expressed in millimetres (mm)
d is the second reading, expressed in millimetres (mm)
d is the third reading, expressed in millimetres (mm)
da is the maximum diameter, expressed in millimetres (mm)
db is the minimum diameter, expressed in millimetres (mm)
Figure 2 — Diameter test diagrams
1) 1) The movable anvil is closed until it is in contact with the specimen. The closing speed shall be
controlled until 3 clicks heard. The closing speed shall be controlled to avoid too high closing pressure
and pressure overshoots.
2) 2) Measure value 1 and record as d1.
3) 3) Measure value 2 at 60°+/-° ± 10° rotation of the wire and record as d .
4) 4) Measure value 3 at another 60°+/-° ± 10° rotating of the wire and record as d .
NOTE 1 Avoid measuring every 90° because after 2 rotations one is measuring at same angle again.
NOTE 2 When measuring method ‘out of roundness’ (ovality) is required.
5) 5) Axially rotate the specimen between successive measurements to find maximum and minimum
diameter.
6) b) Method 2: Cylindrical outside micrometer: rotating method (see Figure 2Figure 2).).
1) 1) The movable anvil is closed until it is in contact with the specimen and stay closed under a
manually applied stable closing force.
2) 2) The sample is manually rotated 360° while the anvils are still in close position.
3) 3) Maximum and minimum diameter is noted.
4) 4) Average diameter is calculated out of Max and Min.
4.1.3.4 Calculations and report
4.1.3.4.1 Method when no ovality or out of roundness is required
Determine the wire diameter by calculating the arithmetic mean of minimum 3 readings with
Formula (1)Formula (1).
d = ( d + d + d )/3 (1)
0 1 2 3
where
d is wire diameter
st
d is the 1 reading
nd
d is the 2 reading
rd
d is the 3 reading
d is the wire diameter;
st
d is the 1 reading;
nd
d2 is the 2 reading;
rd
d is the 3 reading.
4.1.3.4.2 Method when ovality or out of roundness is required
Determine the ‘Ovality’ by calculating the difference of the two readings with Formula (2)Formula (2):
Ov= da-db (2)
where
d = (d + d )/2 (3)
0 a b
da is the maximum diameter, expressed in millimetres (mm));
db is the minimum diameter, expressed in millimetres (mm));
d is the average diameter, expressed in millimetres (mm)).
4.2 Measuring with non-contact methods –— Laser
a) a) Resolution of 0,001 mm is minimum requirement.
b) b) Sample surface needs to be cleaned prior to test.
c) c) Sample needs to be perfect perpendicular positioned towards the laser beam.
d) d) Sample needs to be rotatable during testing having multiple measurements to calculate
average diameter or non-contact measuring devices shall be able to test in multiple angles (min 4) to take
average diameter.
5 Breaking force and yield force and elongation
5.1 Principle
This test method covers the measurement of breaking force, yield force, and elongation of single filament steel
reinforcement wire in a tensile test. Both ends of a test sample are clamped under a defined pretension in a
tensile testing machine; increasing load under a constant rate of extension is applied until the specimen
breaks. The change in force is measured versus the increase in separation of the specimen clamps to form a
force-extension curve. Breaking force (load) and maximum force and percent elongation at break and yield
force are measured or calculated (see Figure 3Figure 3).).
Key
F force
ep specified percentage plastic extension
0 zero point
mE slope of the elastic part of the stress-percentage extension curve
e percentage extension a fracture
F maximum force
m
At percentage total extension at fracture
Figure 3 — Tensile force - elongation curve
5.2 Apparatus
5.2.1 Tensile testing machine
a) a) Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) tensile testing machine, its capacity shall ensure that the
measured force required to fracture the wire is within the calibrated range of the loadcell.
b) b) The capability of cross-head speed: ≥ 150 mm/min.
c) c) Machine accuracy Class 0,5 = Load weighing accuracy: +/-± 0,5 %
d) d) Load cell capacity depends on type and characteristics of the tested wire.
e) e) The structure of the machine and gripping systems shall be able to handle the axial force.
5.2.2 Grips
Grip types shall be selected according to the wire dimensions and wire characteristics and within the range of
the load cell. They can be wedge grips type, action screw type, or pneumatic action type with suitable jaw faces
(for example: smooth and ceramic or serrated jaw faces) to avoid failure of specimen at gripping point and
avoid slippage of specimen within the jaws.
5.2.3 Extensometer
a) a) Contact or no-contact extensometer.
b) b) Resolution of 0,001 % of the gauge length.
c) c) Standard clamp to clamp distance is 250 mm or 500 mm
Standard extensometer is 200 mm.
d) d) Extensometer accuracy Class 05.
— — Contact extensometer with sensor and contact arms
— — Non-contact extensometer
e) e) Video extensometer
f) f) Laser extensometer
g) g) Light extensometer
5.2.4 Oven
a) a) An oven is required only when testing at elevated temperature is specified.
b) b) The oven shall have a temperature capacity of at least 200 °C.
c) c) An oven with a built-in timer is recommended.
5.3 Test procedure
5.3.1 Sample preparation
a) a) Sample taking process shall avoid any undulations, loops, bends or damage of the wire and
wire surface.
b) b) Cut a piece of wire of the used test length plus twice the length of a jaw face.
c) c) When slippage occurs in the clamps, a new sample specimen shall be taken to retest.
d) d) When requested the wire can be thermally aged in an oven. Aging time and aging temperature
as agreed with requester. Standard aging conditions are: 60 min ± 1 min, at 150 °C ± 3 °C.
5.3.2 Test settings
a) Test length:
— — Standard gauge length Lo: = 500 mm
— — Standard extensometer gauge Le: = 200 mm
— — The gauge length Lo and Le can be adjusted according to the requester.
b) b) Speed:
— — Preload speed: 5 mm/min to 15 mm/min
— — Test speed @at 500 mm: 100 mm/min
— — Test speed @at 250 mm: 25 mm/min
— — Test speed with extensometer: 20 to 60 mm/min
c) c) Preload:
3 N for wires ≤ 0,50 mm
5 N or 10 N for wires > 0,50 mm;
d) d) The preload can be adjusted the wire is not taut at preload level.
— — General rule: The preload shall be as low as possible, but the wire shall be taut status between the
clamps, not slack.
e) e) The number of datapoints to construct the curve shall be at least 15001 500 datapoints.
5.3.3 Test process
a) a) Test carried out under controlled conditions shall be made at a temperature of 23 °C +/-± 5 °C.
b) b) Secure the specimen in the centre of the top clamp. Load the other end in the bottom clamp.
c) c) Manually apply a pretension just below the applied pre-load to take out any residual curvature
before initiating the test.
d) d) Start the machine and record force and extension of curve generated.
e) e) Run until specimen breaks.
f) f) When fracture location is closer than 3 mm from the grips then test cannot be validated.
g) g) Test is to discard, and new sample specimen is to test.
h) h) If these fractures close to clamps frequently occurs:
— — reduce clamping force but avoid slippage out of the clamps.
— — choose different jaw faces (for example: smooth and ceramic and light serrated jaw faces)
5.3.4 Calculation
Calculation of test parameters is done
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