ISO 11451-1:1995
(Main)Road vehicles — Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy — Vehicle test methods — Part 1: General and definitions
Road vehicles — Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy — Vehicle test methods — Part 1: General and definitions
Véhicules routiers — Perturbations électriques par rayonnement d'énergie électromagnétique à bande étroite — Méthodes d'essai des véhicules — Partie 1: Généralités et définitions
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL
IS0
STANDARD 11451-I
First edition
1995-12-01
Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances
by narrowband radiated electromagnetic
- Vehicle test methods -
energy
Part 1:
General and definitions
V6hicules routiers - Perturbations 6lec triques par ra yonnemen t d ‘6nergie
BlectromagtWique en bande 6troite - M6thodes d’essai du v6hicule -
Partie 1: G6n&alit& et d6finitions
Reference number
IS0 11451-1:1995(E)
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IS0 11451=1:1995(E)
Contents
Page
1
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1 Scope
1
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2 Normative references
1
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4 General aim and practical use
3
5 Test procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
5.1 Test conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
5.2 Test methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
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5.3 Test severity levels
Annexes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
A Function performance status classification (FPSC)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
B Constant peak test level
0 IS0 1995
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microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
II
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0 IS0
IS0 11451-1:1995(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard IS0 11451-l was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical and electronic
equipment.
IS0 11451 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road
vehicles - Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electro-
magnetic energy - Vehicle test methods:
- Part 1: General and definitions
- Part 2: Off-vehicle radiation source
- Part 3: On-board transmitter simulation
- Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI)
Annex A forms an integral part of this part of IS0 11451. Annex B is for
information only.
. . .
Ill
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0 IS0
IS0 11451=1:1995(E)
Introduction
During recent years, an increasing number of electronic devices have been
introduced into vehicle designs in order to control, monitor and display
various functions. It is necessary to consider the electrical and electro-
magnetic environment in which these devices are required to operate.
Electrical and radio-frequency disturbances occur during normal operation
of many items of motor vehicle equipment. They are generated over a
wide frequency range with various electrical characteristics and may be
distributed to on-board electronic devices and systems by conduction
and/or radiation.
Narrowband signals generated from sources on-board or off-board the
vehicle can also get into the electrical/electronic system, affecting the
normal performance of electronic devices. Sources of narrowband
electromagnetic disturbances are mobile radios, broadcast transmitters,
etc.
The immunity characteristics of vehicles to radiated disturbances have to
be established. It is the intention of the different parts of IS0 11451 to
provide various test methods for the analysis of vehicle electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC): not all test methods need to be used for a given de-
vice under test. .
It should also be noted that this part of IS0 11451 is not intended to be
a product specification and cannot function as one. Therefore, no specific
values for the test severity level are given, since they should be deter-
mined for each component by the vehicle manufacturer and supplier(s).
Protection from potential disturbances has to be considered in a total
system validation as described in the different parts of IS0 11451.
NOTE 1 The various parts of IS0 11452, Road vehicles - Nectrical disturb-
ances by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy - Component test meth-
ods, specify test methods for the analysis of component EMC, which is more
suited for supplier use.
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IS0 11451=1:1995(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO -
Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances
by narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy -
Vehicle test methods -
Part 1:
General and definitions
2 Normative references
1 Scope
The following standards contain provisions which,
This part of IS0 11451 specifies general test
methods, definitions, practical use and basic prin- through reference in this text, constitute provisions
ciples of the test procedures used in other parts of of this part of IS0 11451. At the time of publication,
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
IS0 11451 for electrical disturbances by narrowband
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
radiated electromagnetic energy, providing vehicle
on this part of IS0 11451 are encouraged to investi-
test methods regardless of the propulsion system
(e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi-
motor). tions of the standards indicated below. Members of
IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid
Annex A specifies a general method for function per-
International Standards.
formance status classification. Annex B explains the
principle of constant peak test level.
I EC 50( 161): 1990, International electrotechnical vo-
cabulary - Electromagnetic compatibility.
Parts 2 to 4 of IS0 11451 specify individual test
methods to evaluate the immunity of vehicles to
I EC 50(726): 1982, International electrotechnical vo-
radiated disturbances. The electromagnetic disturb-
cabulary - Transmission lines and waveguides.
ances considered in these parts are limited to con-
tinuous narrowband electromagnetic energy. Typical
3 Definitions
severity levels are included in annexes of these parts
of IS0 11451.
For the purposes of all parts of IS0 11451, the defi-
nitions in IEC 50 and the following definitions apply.
The various parts of this International Standard allow
a wide frequency range (0,l MHz to 18 000 MHz) for
3.1 electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): Ability
immunity testing of vehicles.
of equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its
electromagnetic environment without introducing in-
NOTE 2 Immunity measurements of complete vehicles
tolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in
are generally possible only by the vehicle manufacturer,
because, for example, of the high costs of an absorber-lined
that environment.
chamber, preserving the secrecy of prototypes or the large
number of different vehicle models. [Adapted from IEC 50:1990-l 61-O&07]
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(0 IS0
IS0 11451-1:1995(E)
3.2 electromagnetic disturbance: Any electro- (2) Energy transferred through space in the form of
magnetic phenomenon which may degrade the per- electromagnetic waves.
formance of a device, equipment or system., or ad-
[Adapted from IEC 50:1990-l 61-01-101
versely affect living or inert matter.
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1990-I 61-01-051
3.11 coupling: Means or device for transferring
power between systems.
3.3 electromagnetic interference (EMI): Degra-
dation of the performance of equipment, transmission
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1982-726-l 4-O 1 ]
channel or system caused by an electromagnetic dis-
turbance.
3.12 standing wave ratio (SWR); voltage stand-
ing wave ratio (VSWR): Ratio, along a transmission
[Adapted from IEC 50:1990-161-01-061
line, of a maximum to an adjacent minimum magni-
tude of a particular field component of a standing
3.4 degradation (of performance): Undesired de-
wave.
parture in the operational performance of any device,
equipment or system from its intended performance.
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1982-726-07-091
[Adapted from IEC 50:1990-161-01-191
3.13 polarization (of a wave or field vector):
Property of a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave or field
3.5 immunity (to a disturbance): Ability of a de-
vector defined at a fixed point in space by the direc-
vice, equipment or system to perform without degra-
tion of the electric field strength vector or of any
dation in the presence of an electromagnetic
specified field vector; when this direction varies with
disturbance.
time the property may be characterized by the locus
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1990-l 61-01-201 described by the extremity of the considered field
vector.
3.6 (electromagnetic) susceptibility: .lnability of a
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1982-726-04-o 1 ]
device, equipment or system to perform without
degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic
disturbance.
3.14 shielded enclosure: Mesh or sheet metallic
housing designed expressly for the purpose of separ-
[Adapted from IEC 50:1990-161-01-211
ating electromagnetically the internal and external en-
vironment.
3.7 immunity level: Maximum level of a given
electromagnetic disturbance incident on a particular
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1990-I 61-04-371
device, equipment or system for which it remains
capable of operating at a required degree of perform-
3.15 ground (reference) plane: Flat conductive
ance.
surface whose potential is used as a common refer-
ence.
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1990-l 61-03-I 41
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1990-I 61-04-361
3.8 narrowband emission: Emission which has a
bandwidth less than that of a particular measuring
3.16 current probe: Device for measuring the cur-
apparatus or receiver.
rent in a conductor without interrupting the conductor
and without introducing significant impedance into the
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1990-l 61-06-l 31
associated circuits.
3.9 broadband emission: Emission which has a
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1990-l 61-04-351
bandwidth greater than that of a particular measuring
apparatus or receiver.
3.17 directional coupler: Four-port device consist-
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1990-l 61-06-l l] ing of two transmission lines coupled together in such
a manner that a single travelling wave in any one
3.10 (electromagnetic) radiation: transmission line will induce a single travelling wave
in the other, the direction of propagation of the latter
(1) Phenomenon by which energy in the form of
wave being dependent upon that of the former.
electromagnetic waves emanates from a source into
[Adapted from I EC 50: 1982-726-I 4-021
space.
2
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0 IS0 IS0 11451-1:1995(E)
necessary to anticipate the appropriate test con-
3.18 absorber-lined chamber: Shielded room with
absorbing material on its internal reflective surfaces. ditions, select applicable parts of IS0 11451 and de-
fine function performance objectives. The main
NOTE 3 The floor may optionally be excepted.
characteristics of each test method of IS0 11451-2 to
IS0 11451-4 are presented in table 1.
3.19 bulk current: Total amount of common mode
current in a harness.
5 Test procedures
3.20 amplitude modulation (AM): Process by
The common characteristics for all parts of IS0 11451
which the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied fol-
are described in this clause.
lowing a specified law, resulting in an AM signal.
NOTE 4 The use of the same parameters for component
3.21 forward power: Power supplied by the output
test methods as specified in IS0 11452 will achieve better
of an amplifier or generator.
correlation.
3.22 reflected power: Power reflected by the load
5.1 Test conditions
due to impedance mismatch between the trans-
mission line and the load.
The following test conditions are common to all parts
of IS0 11451:
3.23 net power: Forward power minus reflected
power.
- test temperature and supply voltage;
3.24 transmission line system (TLS): Stripline or
- modulation;
parallel plate or similar device to generate an electro-
magnetic field in a shielded room.
- dwell time;
- frequency steps.
4 General aim and practical use
5.1.1 Test temperature and supply voltage
The recommended test methods, procedures, test
instrumentation and levels presented in all parts of
Heat is generated in the test facility when the vehicle
IS0 11451 are intended to facilitate vehicle specifi-
is operated during the performance of the test. Suf-
cation for electrical disturbances by narrowband radi-
ficient cooling shall be provided to ensure that the
ated electromagnetic energy. A basis is provided for
engine does not over
...
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