ISO/DTR 5911

Light and lighting – Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings – Explanation and justification of ISO/TS 21274

Lumière et éclairage — Mise en service des systèmes d'éclairage dans les bâtiments – Explication et justification de l'ISO/TS 21274

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 91.160.10 - Interior lighting
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 274 - Light and lighting
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 274 - Light and lighting
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 05-May-2023
• Completion Date: 05-May-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

© ISO #### – All rights reserved
ISO DTR 5911:2023(E)
Style Definition: FollowedHyperlink
Date:2023-04-21
ISO/TC 274/WG 2
Secretariat: SAC

Light and lighting – Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings – Explanation and

justification of ISO/TS 21274
DTR stage
Warning for WDs and CDs

This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to

change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of

which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

A model manuscript of a draft International Standard (known as “The Rice Model”) is available at

https://www.iso.org/iso/model_document-rice_model.pdf
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© ISO 20XX
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part

of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or

mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written

permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body

in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Contents

Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... v

1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Normative references (mandatory) ................................................................................................ 7

3 Terms and definitions (mandatory) ............................................................................................... 7

4 General aspects ...................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Benefits of commissioning for lighting systems ......................................................................... 8

4.2 The need for commissioning ............................................................................................................. 8

4.3 Content of commissioning for lighting systems .......................................................................... 8

4.4 The acceptance of commissioning deliverables ......................................................................... 9

5 Commissioning methods and selection ......................................................................................... 9

5.1 Classification of commissioning methods ..................................................................................... 9

5.2 Selection of commissioning methods .......................................................................................... 10

6 Roles and responsibilities ............................................................................................................... 10

6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 10

6.2 Owner or tenant .................................................................................................................................. 11

6.3 Design team .......................................................................................................................................... 11

6.4 Contractors, subcontractors and suppliers ............................................................................... 11

6.5 Commissioning team ......................................................................................................................... 12

7 Commissioning activities ................................................................................................................. 12

7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 12

7.2 Pre-commissioning phase ............................................................................................................... 13

7.3 Installation phase ............................................................................................................................... 13

7.4 Field commissioning phase ............................................................................................................. 14

7.5 Post occupancy phase ....................................................................................................................... 15

8 Documentation requirements ....................................................................................................... 16

8.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 16

8.2 Commissioning plan .......................................................................................................................... 16

8.3 Commissioning specification .......................................................................................................... 17

8.4 Commissioning observation inspection and calibration report ....................................... 18

8.5 Issues log ................................................................................................................................................ 18

8.6 Training plan ........................................................................................................................................ 18

8.7 Commissioning report ...................................................................................................................... 19

9 Contractual completion .................................................................................................................... 19

Annex A (informative) Example for commissioning specification of lighting systems .......... 20

Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................................... 1

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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of

(a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed

patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO [had/had not] received

notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are

cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent

database available at www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for

identifying any or all such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World

Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 274, Light and lighting.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: Space After: 6 pt, Line spacing: Exactly 11
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Introduction

The increasing use of solid-state lighting technology e.g. LED lighting, the growing scientific insight on

the impact of light on humans and also individuals’the diverse individual demands for lighting function

bring a significant incentive for the application of lighting control. However, the resulting complexity of

installed systems needs more professional skills to design, install, and maintain.

Commissioning is a very important measure that can be taken to guarantee the quality of lighting systems

as close as possible to its design intent. ISO/TS 21274:2020 specifies requirements for the commissioning

of lighting systems in buildings to meet design specifications, including roles and responsibilities,

commissioning activities, documentation requirements and system handover.

This document presents explanation and justification to support the correct understanding, use and

national implementations of ISO/TS 21274:2020.
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Light and lighting – Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings –
Explanation and justification of ISO/TS 21274
1 Scope

This Technical Reportdocument provides information to support the correct understanding, use and national

implementations of ISO/TS 21274:2020. It gives explanations on the procedures and background information. It

also provides justifications of the choices that have been made. It gives detailed examples to illustrate the overall

workings of ISO/TS 21274.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes

requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the

latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/TS 21274, Light and lighting -— Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings

ISO 52000-1, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1: General framework and

procedures
CIE S 017, ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 52000-1 and, ISO/TS 21274, and CIE S

017 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
lighting system
system designed to provide lighting
Note 1 to entry: A lighting system can be dedicated to:

a) the support of one or more specified visual tasks under specified conditions considering other requirements such as

human comfort, safety, the appearance of the surrounding environment and energy consumption;

b) the support of other than human tasks.
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Note 2 to entry: A lighting system can include a set of light sources, other physical components, communication protocols,

user interfaces, software and networks to provide control and monitoring functions.

Note 3 to entry: The light source(s) and the related equipment ca/n be integrated in a single item, e.g. an LED module, a lamp

or a luminaire.

Note 4 to entry: A lighting system can be networked to provide central or remote control and monitoring functions.

Note 5 to entry: A lighting system can be connected to or integrated with other systems or devices.

[SOURCE: CIE S 017:2020, 17-27-010]
4 General aspects
4.1 Benefits of commissioning for lighting systems

For traditional lighting solutions of interior spaces using discharge, halogen and incandescent lighting technology,

the systems are relatively simple, so commissioning can be implemented after appropriate preparation. LEDs’

capabilities of instantaneous response, dimming, colour tuning, and stable performance under frequent switching

conditions, offer us good opportunity to create a lighting environment of high quality with more energy efficient

solutions.

The integration of new technology including IoT, digital control and IT into lighting systems, and better knowledge

on the influence of light on human wellbeing, means that lighting technology continues its advance into IoT and

advanced digital applications, adaptive lighting and integrative lighting. The transformation of lighting from

simple to complex systems, providing tailored lighting conditions for diverse individual needs and demanding

tasks, the trend for more hardware functions to be realized with software, and interactions with other building

automation systems make the lighting system complex to design, install and put into service.

In a perfect situation, the owners/tenants clearly communicate their needs and desires, the design team is united

around a concept and clearly express design intent, and installation and startup occur without error. The

owners/tenants benefit from a high-quality control system.
But in reality, a deficiency in one or more

components can prevent the correct operation of the lighting system. If something goes wrong during the

construction process, measures can be taken to assure that the final lighting system will satisfy the

owners/tenants needs.

According to ISO/TS 21274:2020, commissioning is necessary to manage the growing complexity of lighting

systems. Commissioning for a lighting system is more than just an energy saving strategy, but also a quality control

process ensuring that the operation of a lighting system meets the design specification, by integrating the

functions of design, construction, and operation, with the involvement of the project team during each phase of

the project.
4.2 The need for commissioning

With the discovery of ipRGCs and the non-image-forming pathway, the aim of lighting in buildings has been

expanding from visual performance and visual comfort to integrative lighting for producing physiological and/or

psychological benefits for humans, which means that the design specification can differ from project to project for

the reason of different occupant profiles, activity profiles, daylight conditions, and design philosophy etc.

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So the scope of commissioning can be decided according to the owner or tenants requirements, and the complexity

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and scale of the lighting system, design specification, and budget.
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)

This document gives some general principles for commissioning regarding roles and responsibilities, activities,

documentation, but not technical specification of lighting systems, which are supplemented by design

specification as Annex A shows.
4.3 Content of commissioning for lighting systems

Commissioning is a very important measure to ensure the lighting system can work as close to the design

specification as possible. The strategy of commissioning can be different from system to system. The content of

commissioning can include but is not limited to the following items:

— Installation check: The commissioning team can develop equipment installation checklists on the basis of

design documents, with which they can conduct the inspection to ensure that all equipment are of the correct

type and quantity, and located and connected correctly as the design documents specify. For sensors and

adjustable luminaires, ISO/TS 21274:2020 also recommends to check the aiming of these devices, with no

blocking in the specified direction.

— Operation check: The operating function of a sampled proportion of devices (including luminaires, solar

shading systems, daylight redirecting systems and other systems in the building connected with the lighting

systems) is checked to ensure all the control functions of local and remote -control devices operate correctly.

For lighting systems with sensors, the simulated sensing signal can be used to verify the activation of different

design control modes. The communication and control logics are verified during this stage.

— Performance test: Performance testing involves ensuring the installed system meets the design specification

under the designed operating conditions and control modes. A step-by-step test procedure is used from

components, systems to points of interaction between technical building systems, and all the problems

discovered during this stage are recorded in the issue log. The possible reasons for these problems is analysed

and confirmed as the basis of further calibration and configuration.

— Calibration and configuration: Calibration and configuration is a very important measure for problem solving

during the commissioning process. A systematic analysis of any problems found during check and test is made

with all related stakeholders, and design assumptions, device performance, and control parameters are

verified. On the basis of these analysis and verification, calibration and configuration can be made accordingly.

4.4 The acceptance of commissioning deliverables

The process for each activity and deliverable includes an acceptance step as defined in the commissioning plan

(Cx plan). This step formalizes the acceptance of the commissioning deliverable by the owner or tenant.

5 Commissioning methods and selection
5.1 Classification of commissioning methods

The term commissioning comes from the shipbuilding industry. A commissioned ship is a ship with all the

equipment installed and tested, problems identified and corrected, and the prospective crew extensively trained.

Since its adoption by the building industry, commissioning has been widely recognized as a valuable mechanism

for quality assurance, ensuring building systems are fully integrated, tested, and function properly.

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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)

Initial commissioning can be conducted during the installation stage and operation stage. It helps ensure that the

performance of the lighting system meets the design specification. This type of commissioning is specified in

Method 1, the basic method, in ISO/TS 21274:2020.

The growing demand on the building environment has resulted in moving from simple to complex lighting

systems, which enables one to develop more efficient and flexible solutions, but also leads to a higher level of

complexity.

With the increasing complexity of building systems, a lack of familiarity by the designers, installers, or end-users

can lead to the misapplication of technologies and result in poor performance. How to ensure the

commissionability of the lighting system and reduce the potential cost of further modification and commissioning

due to minor defectdefects in the lighting system design has become more challenging. TheAccording to ISO/TS

21274:2020, the commissionability of lighting systems is designed so that when installed, all designed control

logic can be accessed and checked easily, which requires that the cause and effect relation of control logic of

lighting systems should be provided to the commissioning team, and they should have all the necessary access

authorization to make configuration and calibration on the lighting systems, according to ISO/TS 21274:2020.

A broader concept of commissioning has been introduced, which starts from the pre-design phase, goes through

the installation phase, and continues during the post-occupancy phase, and is a quality assurance process to

ensure the performance of the building meets the design documents. This type of commissioning is specified in

Method 2, the full life-cycle commissioning method, in ISO/TS 21274:2020.
5.2 Selection of commissioning methods

According to CIE 222:2017, lighting controls are electrical devices added to the installed lighting circuit to adjust

the light output of the luminaires according to a pre-planned program or automatic detection regime or to

operator managed actions. They play an essential role in all lighting systems, providing the functions of switching

and/or dimming. In past decades, fast advancement of technology, higher requirement on energy saving and

deeper understanding on the influence of light for human wellbeing, all push the lighting control strategy from

simple to complicated. According to the control strategy, the lighting controls can be classified into the following

types:
Manual control

These respond to human commands and are typically operated by hand. The forms of manual control can vary

from simple switches used to turn the lights on, to dimmer switches and remote -control devices. It is the most

popular control strategy in lighting application at the moment, and relatively simple for installation. So, the basic

method for commissioning can be sufficient, and one point for consideration during the commissioning process

is to ensure that users of the system can readily understand the function of any such control devices.

Automatic control

Here, the lighting system can switch or dim designated loads automatically in response to events such as a time

schedule, illuminance, or occupancy, etc. The automatic control lighting system can have some manual control

interface.

At the very beginning, the control function is realized by hardware such as a relay, which is pre-set during the

manufacturing stage. The function of controls is more product-dependent, and relatively simple. The control

parameters are generally difficult to modify in the field. The difficulty for design, installation and commissioning

of the system is relatively low, so there is no high demand for a full life-cycle commissioning method.

With the fast development of IT technology, software is playing a more and more important role in realizing the

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function of automatic control. Advanced performance can be achieved with the improved processing capacity of

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programmable control devices in lighting systems. It also gives much more flexibility, and the control function can

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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)

be updated by reconfiguring the program or updating the control software without change in any of the hardware

of the lighting systems. This is a very big step for lighting application, it is also the foundation for connected

lighting and integrative lighting.

However, this also increases the complexity of lighting systems, and multidisciplinary knowledge to realize the

system. A lack of familiarity by the designers, installers, or end-users can lead to the misapplication of technologies

and result in poor performance. So the, ISO/TS 21274:2020 recommends a full life-cycle commissioning method

is recommended in ISO/TS 21274:2020, which starts from the pre-design phase, goes through the installation

phase, and continues during the post-occupancy phase.
6 Roles and responsibilities
6.1 General

Lighting systems are becoming more sophisticated. The design, installation and operation complexities increase

along with capabilities and benefits. There is a need for cooperation between the owner, design team, contractors

(including subcontractors and suppliers) and commissioning team in a highly collaborative way. ISO/TS 21274

specifies the roles and responsibilities of all the responsible parties related to commissioning, including the owner

or tenant, the design team, the contractors and subcontractors, suppliers and Cx team.

6.2 Owner or tenant

Owner or tenant acts as a coordinator and final decision maker in the commissioning process. They make the final

decision on the scope and targets of the commissioning task, the selection of the commissioning team regarding

the balance of budget, and level of performance assurance and lighting system complexity, typically with input

from the design team.

They review and approve the documents such as the commissioning plan and training plan.

They make the decision on the following-up procedures for any reported items that cannot achieve the design

specification in a timely and economic way during the commissioning process.

They also coordinate actions among the relevant participants during the Cx process.

6.3 Design team

The lighting system design process is an iterative process to design lighting system solutions for sustainable

lighting quality and energy efficiency based on specifications in the relevant lighting application standards, for

the wellbeing of users and for a pleasant built environment.
Note: see CEN/TS 17165:2018 for more information.

In the meantime, asAs the design is the basis for the entire project and defines how effectively it can be

commissioned, it is important that the design team is aware of the commissioning requirements of the lighting

systems.

So the, two-way communication and coordination between design team and commissioning team is very

important and necessary in the following aspects:.

a) The design team shares the design documents with the commissioning team as the basis for the development

of the commissioning plan and commissioning specification, and also for their comments to maximize the

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functionality, operability, maintainability and ease of commissioning of the lighting system.

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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)

b) The design team makes a review of the commissioning plan and commissioning specification to ensure that

these documents comply with the design documents. ISO/TS 21274:2020 recommends that they should

participate all the relevant activities during the commissioning process.

c) The design team also transfers all the information on the functionality, operability, maintainability, and ease

of commissioning of the designed lighting system into design documents, so that all related contractors,

subcontractors and suppliers for implementing the Cx plan during the installation stage can provide the

necessary support including the access to hardware, software or onsite technical support to assist the Cx

effort.
6.4 Contractors, subcontractors and suppliers

The role of the (sub)contractors is to execute the installation process, and they are responsible for proper

installation, and functional testing of all of the components and equipment of the lighting systems according to

the design documents. The (sub)contractors should manage their functions in the commissioning process and

work closely with the Cx team to document the performance of the commissioned lighting systems.

The equipment documentation includes the instructions for installation, testing, operations, and maintenance.

Suppliers are also responsible for providing the necessary operating interface for hardware, software or onsite

technical support. On some complex lighting systems the supplier participates in the start-up and testing of the

system and training.
6.5 Commissioning team
The commissioning team manages the commissioning process. ISO/TS 21274:202
...

FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTR
DRAFT
REPORT 5911
ISO/TC 274
Light and lighting – Commissioning
Secretariat: DIN
of lighting systems in buildings –
Voting begins on:
2023-05-05 Explanation and justification of ISO/
TS 21274
Voting terminates on:
2023-06-30
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTR
DRAFT
REPORT 5911
ISO/TC 274
Light and lighting – Commissioning
Secretariat: DIN
of lighting systems in buildings –
Voting begins on:
Explanation and justification of ISO/
TS 21274
Voting terminates on:
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: [phone]
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 General aspects ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.1 Benefits of commissioning for lighting systems ....................................................................................................... 2

4.2 The need for commissioning ...................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.3 Content of commissioning for lighting systems ........................................................................................................ 2

4.4 The acceptance of commissioning deliverables ........................................................................................................ 3

5 Commissioning methods and selection ....................................................................................................................................... 3

5.1 Classification of commissioning methods ...................................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Selection of commissioning methods ................................................................................................................................. 4

6 Roles and responsibilities .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

6.2 Owner or tenant .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.3 Design team ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.4 Contractors, subcontractors and suppliers .................................................................................................................. 5

6.5 Commissioning team ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

7 Commissioning activities............................................................................................................................................................................ 6

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

7.2 Pre­commissioning phase ............................................................................................................................................................ 7

7.3 Installation phase ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

7.4 Field commissioning phase ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.5 Post occupancy phase ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9

8 Documentation requirements of ISO/TS 21274...............................................................................................................10

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10

8.2 Commissioning plan ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10

8.3 Commissioning specification .................................................................................................................................................. 11

8.4 Commissioning observation inspection and calibration report ............................................................. 11

8.5 Issues log ...................................................................................................................................................................................................12

8.6 Training plan ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

8.7 Commissioning report .................................................................................................................................................................. 13

9 Contractual completion .............................................................................................................................................................................13

Annex A (informative) Example for commissioning specification of lighting systems.............................14

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................18

iii
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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use

of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed

patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received

notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are

cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent

database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all

such patent rights.

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 274, Light and lighting.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Introduction

The increasing use of solid-state lighting technology e.g. LED lighting, the growing scientific insight

on the impact of light on humans and the diverse individual demands for lighting function bring

a significant incentive for the application of lighting control. However, the resulting complexity of

installed systems needs more professional skills to design, install, and maintain.

Commissioning is a very important measure that can be taken to guarantee the quality of lighting

systems as close as possible to its design intent. ISO/TS 21274:2020 specifies requirements for the

commissioning of lighting systems in buildings to meet design specifications, including roles and

responsibilities, commissioning activities, documentation requirements and system handover.

This document presents explanation and justification to support the correct understanding, use and

national implementations of ISO/TS 21274:2020.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Light and lighting – Commissioning of lighting systems in
buildings – Explanation and justification of ISO/TS 21274
1 Scope

This document provides information to support the correct understanding, use and national

implementations of ISO/TS 21274:2020. It gives explanations on the procedures and background

information. It also provides justifications of the choices that have been made. It gives detailed examples

to illustrate the overall workings of ISO/TS 21274.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/TS 21274, Light and lighting — Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings

ISO 52000­1, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1: General

framework and procedures
CIE S 017, ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 52000-1, ISO/TS 21274 and

CIE S 017 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
lighting system
system designed to provide lighting
Note 1 to entry: A lighting system can be dedicated to:

a) the support of one or more specified visual tasks under specified conditions considering other requirements

such as human comfort, safety, the appearance of the surrounding environment and energy consumption;

b) the support of other than human tasks.

Note 2 to entry: A lighting system can include a set of light sources, other physical components, communication

protocols, user interfaces, software and networks to provide control and monitoring functions.

Note 3 to entry: The light source(s) and the related equipment ca/n be integrated in a single item, e.g. an LED

module, a lamp or a luminaire.

Note 4 to entry: A lighting system can be networked to provide central or remote control and monitoring

functions.

Note 5 to entry: A lighting system can be connected to or integrated with other systems or devices.

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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
[SOURCE: CIE S 017:2020, 17­27­010]
4 General aspects
4.1 Benefits of commissioning for lighting systems

For traditional lighting solutions of interior spaces using discharge, halogen and incandescent

lighting technology, the systems are relatively simple, so commissioning can be implemented after

appropriate preparation. LEDs’ capabilities of instantaneous response, dimming, colour tuning, and

stable performance under frequent switching conditions, offer good opportunity to create a lighting

environment of high quality with more energy efficient solutions.

The integration of new technology including IoT, digital control and IT into lighting systems, and better

knowledge on the influence of light on human wellbeing, means that lighting technology continues

its advance into IoT and advanced digital applications, adaptive lighting and integrative lighting. The

transformation of lighting from simple to complex systems, providing tailored lighting conditions for

diverse individual needs and demanding tasks, the trend for more hardware functions to be realized

with software, and interactions with other building automation systems make the lighting system

complex to design, install and put into service.

In a perfect situation, the owners/tenants clearly communicate their needs and desires, the design team

is united around a concept and clearly express design intent, and installation and startup occur without

error. The owners/tenants benefit from a high-quality control system. But in reality, a deficiency in one

or more components can prevent the correct operation of the lighting system. If something goes wrong

during the construction process, measures can be taken to assure that the final lighting system will

satisfy the owners/tenants needs.

According to ISO/TS 21274:2020, commissioning is necessary to manage the growing complexity of

lighting systems. Commissioning for a lighting system is more than just an energy saving strategy,

but also a quality control process ensuring that the operation of a lighting system meets the design

specification, by integrating the functions of design, construction, and operation, with the involvement

of the project team during each phase of the project.
4.2 The need for commissioning

With the discovery of ipRGCs and the non-image-forming pathway, the aim of lighting in buildings

has been expanding from visual performance and visual comfort to integrative lighting for producing

physiological and/or psychological benefits for humans, which means that the design specification can

differ from project to project for the reason of different occupant profiles, activity profiles, daylight

conditions, and design philosophy etc.

So the scope of commissioning can be decided according to the owner or tenants requirements, and the

complexity and scale of the lighting system, design specification, and budget.

This document gives some general principles for commissioning regarding roles and responsibilities,

activities, documentation, but not technical specification of lighting systems, which are supplemented

by design specification as Annex A shows.
4.3 Content of commissioning for lighting systems

Commissioning is a very important measure to ensure the lighting system can work as close to the

design specification as possible. The strategy of commissioning can be different from system to system.

The content of commissioning can include but is not limited to the following items:

— Installation check: The commissioning team can develop equipment installation checklists on the

basis of design documents, with which they can conduct the inspection to ensure that all equipment

are of the correct type and quantity, and located and connected correctly as the design documents

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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)

specify. For sensors and adjustable luminaires, ISO/TS 21274:2020 also recommends to check the

aiming of these devices, with no blocking in the specified direction.

— Operation check: The operating function of a sampled proportion of devices (including luminaires,

solar shading systems, daylight redirecting systems and other systems in the building connected

with the lighting systems) is checked to ensure all the control functions of local and remote-control

devices operate correctly. For lighting systems with sensors, the simulated sensing signal can be

used to verify the activation of different design control modes. The communication and control

logics are verified during this stage.

— Performance test: Performance testing involves ensuring the installed system meets the design

specification under the designed operating conditions and control modes. A step-by-step test

procedure is used from components, systems to points of interaction between technical building

systems, and all the problems discovered during this stage are recorded in the issue log. The

possible reasons for these problems is analysed and confirmed as the basis of further calibration

and configuration.

— Calibration and configuration: Calibration and configuration is a very important measure for

problem solving during the commissioning process. A systematic analysis of any problems found

during check and test is made with all related stakeholders, and design assumptions, device

performance, and control parameters are verified. On the basis of these analysis and verification,

calibration and configuration can be made accordingly.
4.4 The acceptance of commissioning deliverables

The process for each activity and deliverable includes an acceptance step as defined in the

commissioning plan (Cx plan). This step formalizes the acceptance of the commissioning deliverable by

the owner or tenant.
5 Commissioning methods and selection
5.1 Classification of commissioning methods

The term commissioning comes from the shipbuilding industry. A commissioned ship is a ship with

all the equipment installed and tested, problems identified and corrected, and the prospective crew

extensively trained.

Since its adoption by the building industry, commissioning has been widely recognized as a valuable

mechanism for quality assurance, ensuring building systems are fully integrated, tested, and function

properly.

Initial commissioning can be conducted during the installation stage and operation stage. It helps ensure

that the performance of the lighting system meets the design specification. This type of commissioning

is specified in Method 1, the basic method, in ISO/TS 21274:2020.

The growing demand on the building environment has resulted in moving from simple to complex

lighting systems, which enables one to develop more efficient and flexible solutions, but also leads to a

higher level of complexity.

With the increasing complexity of building systems, a lack of familiarity by the designers, installers, or

end­users can lead to the misapplication of technologies and result in poor performance. How to ensure

the commissionability of the lighting system and reduce the potential cost of further modification

and commissioning due to minor defects in the lighting system design has become more challenging.

According to ISO/TS 21274:2020, the commissionability of lighting systems is designed so that when

installed, all designed control logic can be accessed and checked easily, which requires that the cause

and effect relation of control logic of lighting systems should be provided to the commissioning team,

and they should have all the necessary access authorization to make configuration and calibration on

the lighting systems.
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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)

A broader concept of commissioning has been introduced, which starts from the pre­design phase,

goes through the installation phase, and continues during the post-occupancy phase, and is a quality

assurance process to ensure the performance of the building meets the design documents. This type of

commissioning is specified in Method 2, the full life-cycle commissioning method, in ISO/TS 21274:2020.

5.2 Selection of commissioning methods

According to CIE 222:2017, lighting controls are electrical devices added to the installed lighting circuit

to adjust the light output of the luminaires according to a pre-planned program or automatic detection

regime or to operator managed actions. They play an essential role in all lighting systems, providing

the functions of switching and/or dimming. In past decades, fast advancement of technology, higher

requirement on energy saving and deeper understanding on the influence of light for human wellbeing,

all push the lighting control strategy from simple to complicated. According to the control strategy, the

lighting controls can be classified into the following types:
Manual control

These respond to human commands and are typically operated by hand. The forms of manual control

can vary from simple switches used to turn the lights on, to dimmer switches and remote-control

devices. It is the most popular control strategy in lighting application at the moment, and relatively

simple for installation. So, the basic method for commissioning can be sufficient, and one point for

consideration during the commissioning process is to ensure that users of the system can readily

understand the function of any such control devices.
Automatic control

Here, the lighting system can switch or dim designated loads automatically in response to events such

as a time schedule, illuminance, or occupancy, etc. The automatic control lighting system can have some

manual control interface.

At the very beginning, the control function is realized by hardware such as a relay, which is pre-set

during the manufacturing stage. The function of controls is more product-dependent, and relatively

simple. The control parameters are generally difficult to modify in the field. The difficulty for design,

installation and commissioning of the system is relatively low, so there is no high demand for a full life-

cycle commissioning method.

With the fast development of IT technology, software is playing a more and more important role in

realizing the function of automatic control. Advanced performance can be achieved with the improved

processing capacity of programmable control devices in lighting systems. It also gives much more

flexibility, and the control function can be updated by reconfiguring the program or updating the

control software without change in any of the hardware of the lighting systems. This is a very big step

for lighting application, it is also the foundation for connected lighting and integrative lighting.

However, this also increases the complexity of lighting systems, and multidisciplinary knowledge

to realize the system. A lack of familiarity by the designers, installers, or end-users can lead to the

misapplication of technologies and result in poor performance. So, ISO/TS 21274:2020 recommends

a full life-cycle commissioning method, which starts from the pre-design phase, goes through the

installation phase, and continues during the post-occupancy phase.
6 Roles and responsibilities
6.1 General

Lighting systems are becoming more sophisticated. The design, installation and operation complexities

increase along with capabilities and benefits. There is a need for cooperation between the owner,

design team, contractors (including subcontractors and suppliers) and commissioning team in a

highly collaborative way. ISO/TS 21274 specifies the roles and responsibilities of all the responsible

parties related to commissioning, including the owner or tenant, the design team, the contractors and

subcontractors, suppliers and Cx team.
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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
6.2 Owner or tenant

Owner or tenant acts as a coordinator and final decision maker in the commissioning process. They

make the final decision on the scope and targets of the commissioning task, the selection of the

commissioning team regarding the balance of budget, and level of performance assurance and lighting

system complexity, typically with input from the design team.

They review and approve the documents such as the commissioning plan and training plan.

They make the decision on the following-up procedures for any reported items that cannot achieve the

design specification in a timely and economic way during the commissioning process.

They also coordinate actions among the relevant participants during the Cx process.

6.3 Design team

The lighting system design process is an iterative process to design lighting system solutions for

sustainable lighting quality and energy efficiency based on specifications in the relevant lighting

application standards, for the wellbeing of users and for a pleasant built environment.

Note see CEN/TS 17165:2018 for more information.

As the design is the basis for the entire project and defines how effectively it can be commissioned, it

is important that the design team is aware of the commissioning requirements of the lighting systems.

So, two-way communication and coordination between design team and commissioning team is very

important and necessary in the following aspects.

a) The design team shares the design documents with the commissioning team as the basis for

the development of the commissioning plan and commissioning specification, and also for their

comments to maximize the functionality, operability, maintainability and ease of commissioning of

the lighting system.

b) The design team makes a review of the commissioning plan and commissioning specification to

ensure that these documents comply with the design documents. ISO/TS 21274:2020 recommends

that they should participate all the relevant activities during the commissioning process.

c) The design team also transfers all the information on the functionality, operability, maintainability,

and ease of commissioning of the designed lighting system into design documents, so that all

related contractors, subcontractors and suppliers for implementing the Cx plan during the

installation stage can provide the necessary support including the access to hardware, software or

onsite technical support to assist the Cx effort.
6.4 Contractors, subcontractors and suppliers
The role of the (sub
...