ISO/TR 5911

Light and lighting – Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings – Explanation and justification of ISO/TS 21274

Lumière et éclairage — Mise en service des systèmes d'éclairage dans les bâtiments – Explication et justification de l'ISO/TS 21274

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 91.160.10 - Interior lighting
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 274 - Light and lighting
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 274 - Light and lighting
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Completion Date: 01-Jul-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

© ISO #### – All rights reserved
ISO DTR 5911:2023(E)
Style Definition: FollowedHyperlink
Date:2023-04-21
ISO/TC 274/WG 2
Secretariat: SAC
Light and lighting – Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings – Explanation and
justification of ISO/TS 21274

DTR stage

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This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
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Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
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A model manuscript of a draft International Standard (known as “The Rice Model”) is available at
https://www.iso.org/iso/model_document-rice_model.pdf

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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part
of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references (mandatory) . 7
3 Terms and definitions (mandatory) . 7
4 General aspects . 8
4.1 Benefits of commissioning for lighting systems . 8
4.2 The need for commissioning . 8
4.3 Content of commissioning for lighting systems . 8
4.4 The acceptance of commissioning deliverables . 9
5 Commissioning methods and selection . 9
5.1 Classification of commissioning methods . 9
5.2 Selection of commissioning methods . 10
6 Roles and responsibilities . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Owner or tenant . 11
6.3 Design team . 11
6.4 Contractors, subcontractors and suppliers . 11
6.5 Commissioning team . 12
7 Commissioning activities . 12
7.1 General . 12
7.2 Pre-commissioning phase . 13
7.3 Installation phase . 13
7.4 Field commissioning phase . 14
7.5 Post occupancy phase . 15
8 Documentation requirements . 16
8.1 General . 16
8.2 Commissioning plan . 16
8.3 Commissioning specification . 17
8.4 Commissioning observation inspection and calibration report . 18
8.5 Issues log . 18
8.6 Training plan . 18
8.7 Commissioning report . 19
9 Contractual completion . 19
Annex A (informative) Example for commissioning specification of lighting systems . 20
Bibliography . 1

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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO [had/had not] received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 274, Light and lighting.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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pt
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Introduction
The increasing use of solid-state lighting technology e.g. LED lighting, the growing scientific insight on
the impact of light on humans and also individuals’the diverse individual demands for lighting function
bring a significant incentive for the application of lighting control. However, the resulting complexity of
installed systems needs more professional skills to design, install, and maintain.
Commissioning is a very important measure that can be taken to guarantee the quality of lighting systems
as close as possible to its design intent. ISO/TS 21274:2020 specifies requirements for the commissioning
of lighting systems in buildings to meet design specifications, including roles and responsibilities,
commissioning activities, documentation requirements and system handover.
This document presents explanation and justification to support the correct understanding, use and
national implementations of ISO/TS 21274:2020.
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Light and lighting – Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings –
Explanation and justification of ISO/TS 21274
1 Scope
This Technical Reportdocument provides information to support the correct understanding, use and national
implementations of ISO/TS 21274:2020. It gives explanations on the procedures and background information. It
also provides justifications of the choices that have been made. It gives detailed examples to illustrate the overall
workings of ISO/TS 21274.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 21274, Light and lighting -— Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings
ISO 52000-1, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1: General framework and
procedures
CIE S 017, ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 52000-1 and, ISO/TS 21274, and CIE S
017 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
lighting system
system designed to provide lighting
Note 1 to entry: A lighting system can be dedicated to:
a) the support of one or more specified visual tasks under specified conditions considering other requirements such as
human comfort, safety, the appearance of the surrounding environment and energy consumption;
b) the support of other than human tasks.
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Note 2 to entry: A lighting system can include a set of light sources, other physical components, communication protocols,
user interfaces, software and networks to provide control and monitoring functions.
Note 3 to entry: The light source(s) and the related equipment ca/n be integrated in a single item, e.g. an LED module, a lamp
or a luminaire.
Note 4 to entry: A lighting system can be networked to provide central or remote control and monitoring functions.
Note 5 to entry: A lighting system can be connected to or integrated with other systems or devices.
[SOURCE: CIE S 017:2020, 17-27-010]
4 General aspects
4.1 Benefits of commissioning for lighting systems
For traditional lighting solutions of interior spaces using discharge, halogen and incandescent lighting technology,
the systems are relatively simple, so commissioning can be implemented after appropriate preparation. LEDs’
capabilities of instantaneous response, dimming, colour tuning, and stable performance under frequent switching
conditions, offer us good opportunity to create a lighting environment of high quality with more energy efficient
solutions.
The integration of new technology including IoT, digital control and IT into lighting systems, and better knowledge
on the influence of light on human wellbeing, means that lighting technology continues its advance into IoT and
advanced digital applications, adaptive lighting and integrative lighting. The transformation of lighting from
simple to complex systems, providing tailored lighting conditions for diverse individual needs and demanding
tasks, the trend for more hardware functions to be realized with software, and interactions with other building
automation systems make the lighting system complex to design, install and put into service.
In a perfect situation, the owners/tenants clearly communicate their needs and desires, the design team is united
around a concept and clearly express design intent, and installation and startup occur without error. The
owners/tenants benefit from a high-quality control system.
But in reality, a deficiency in one or more
components can prevent the correct operation of the lighting system. If something goes wrong during the
construction process, measures can be taken to assure that the final lighting system will satisfy the
owners/tenants needs.
According to ISO/TS 21274:2020, commissioning is necessary to manage the growing complexity of lighting
systems. Commissioning for a lighting system is more than just an energy saving strategy, but also a quality control
process ensuring that the operation of a lighting system meets the design specification, by integrating the
functions of design, construction, and operation, with the involvement of the project team during each phase of
the project.
4.2 The need for commissioning
With the discovery of ipRGCs and the non-image-forming pathway, the aim of lighting in buildings has been
expanding from visual performance and visual comfort to integrative lighting for producing physiological and/or
psychological benefits for humans, which means that the design specification can differ from project to project for
the reason of different occupant profiles, activity profiles, daylight conditions, and design philosophy etc.
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So the scope of commissioning can be decided according to the owner or tenants requirements, and the complexity
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and scale of the lighting system, design specification, and budget.
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
This document gives some general principles for commissioning regarding roles and responsibilities, activities,
documentation, but not technical specification of lighting systems, which are supplemented by design
specification as Annex A shows.
4.3 Content of commissioning for lighting systems
Commissioning is a very important measure to ensure the lighting system can work as close to the design
specification as possible. The strategy of commissioning can be different from system to system. The content of
commissioning can include but is not limited to the following items:
— Installation check: The commissioning team can develop equipment installation checklists on the basis of
design documents, with which they can conduct the inspection to ensure that all equipment are of the correct
type and quantity, and located and connected correctly as the design documents specify. For sensors and
adjustable luminaires, ISO/TS 21274:2020 also recommends to check the aiming of these devices, with no
blocking in the specified direction.
— Operation check: The operating function of a sampled proportion of devices (including luminaires, solar
shading systems, daylight redirecting systems and other systems in the building connected with the lighting
systems) is checked to ensure all the control functions of local and remote -control devices operate correctly.
For lighting systems with sensors, the simulated sensing signal can be used to verify the activation of different
design control modes. The communication and control logics are verified during this stage.
— Performance test: Performance testing involves ensuring the installed system meets the design specification
under the designed operating conditions and control modes. A step-by-step test procedure is used from
components, systems to points of interaction between technical building systems, and all the problems
discovered during this stage are recorded in the issue log. The possible reasons for these problems is analysed
and confirmed as the basis of further calibration and configuration.
— Calibration and configuration: Calibration and configuration is a very important measure for problem solving
during the commissioning process. A systematic analysis of any problems found during check and test is made
with all related stakeholders, and design assumptions, device performance, and control parameters are
verified. On the basis of these analysis and verification, calibration and configuration can be made accordingly.
4.4 The acceptance of commissioning deliverables
The process for each activity and deliverable includes an acceptance step as defined in the commissioning plan
(Cx plan). This step formalizes the acceptance of the commissioning deliverable by the owner or tenant.
5 Commissioning methods and selection
5.1 Classification of commissioning methods
The term commissioning comes from the shipbuilding industry. A commissioned ship is a ship with all the
equipment installed and tested, problems identified and corrected, and the prospective crew extensively trained.
Since its adoption by the building industry, commissioning has been widely recognized as a valuable mechanism
for quality assurance, ensuring building systems are fully integrated, tested, and function properly.
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
Initial commissioning can be conducted during the installation stage and operation stage. It helps ensure that the
performance of the lighting system meets the design specification. This type of commissioning is specified in
Method 1, the basic method, in ISO/TS 21274:2020.
The growing demand on the building environment has resulted in moving from simple to complex lighting
systems, which enables one to develop more efficient and flexible solutions, but also leads to a higher level of
complexity.
With the increasing complexity of building systems, a lack of familiarity by the designers, installers, or end-users
can lead to the misapplication of technologies and result in poor performance. How to ensure the
commissionability of the lighting system and reduce the potential cost of further modification and commissioning
due to minor defectdefects in the lighting system design has become more challenging. TheAccording to ISO/TS
21274:2020, the commissionability of lighting systems is designed so that when installed, all designed control
logic can be accessed and checked easily, which requires that the cause and effect relation of control logic of
lighting systems should be provided to the commissioning team, and they should have all the necessary access
authorization to make configuration and calibration on the lighting systems, according to ISO/TS 21274:2020.
A broader concept of commissioning has been introduced, which starts from the pre-design phase, goes through
the installation phase, and continues during the post-occupancy phase, and is a quality assurance process to
ensure the performance of the building meets the design documents. This type of commissioning is specified in
Method 2, the full life-cycle commissioning method, in ISO/TS 21274:2020.
5.2 Selection of commissioning methods
According to CIE 222:2017, lighting controls are electrical devices added to the installed lighting circuit to adjust
the light output of the luminaires according to a pre-planned program or automatic detection regime or to
operator managed actions. They play an essential role in all lighting systems, providing the functions of switching
and/or dimming. In past decades, fast advancement of technology, higher requirement on energy saving and
deeper understanding on the influence of light for human wellbeing, all push the lighting control strategy from
simple to complicated. According to the control strategy, the lighting controls can be classified into the following
types:
Manual control
These respond to human commands and are typically operated by hand. The forms of manual control can vary
from simple switches used to turn the lights on, to dimmer switches and remote -control devices. It is the most
popular control strategy in lighting application at the moment, and relatively simple for installation. So, the basic
method for commissioning can be sufficient, and one point for consideration during the commissioning process
is to ensure that users of the system can readily understand the function of any such control devices.
Automatic control
Here, the lighting system can switch or dim designated loads automatically in response to events such as a time
schedule, illuminance, or occupancy, etc. The automatic control lighting system can have some manual control
interface.
At the very beginning, the control function is realized by hardware such as a relay, which is pre-set during the
manufacturing stage. The function of controls is more product-dependent, and relatively simple. The control
parameters are generally difficult to modify in the field. The difficulty for design, installation and commissioning
of the system is relatively low, so there is no high demand for a full life-cycle commissioning method.
With the fast development of IT technology, software is playing a more and more important role in realizing the
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function of automatic control. Advanced performance can be achieved with the improved processing capacity of
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programmable control devices in lighting systems. It also gives much more flexibility, and the control function can
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
be updated by reconfiguring the program or updating the control software without change in any of the hardware
of the lighting systems. This is a very big step for lighting application, it is also the foundation for connected
lighting and integrative lighting.
However, this also increases the complexity of lighting systems, and multidisciplinary knowledge to realize the
system. A lack of familiarity by the designers, installers, or end-users can lead to the misapplication of technologies
and result in poor performance. So the, ISO/TS 21274:2020 recommends a full life-cycle commissioning method
is recommended in ISO/TS 21274:2020, which starts from the pre-design phase, goes through the installation
phase, and continues during the post-occupancy phase.
6 Roles and responsibilities
6.1 General
Lighting systems are becoming more sophisticated. The design, installation and operation complexities increase
along with capabilities and benefits. There is a need for cooperation between the owner, design team, contractors
(including subcontractors and suppliers) and commissioning team in a highly collaborative way. ISO/TS 21274
specifies the roles and responsibilities of all the responsible parties related to commissioning, including the owner
or tenant, the design team, the contractors and subcontractors, suppliers and Cx team.
6.2 Owner or tenant
Owner or tenant acts as a coordinator and final decision maker in the commissioning process. They make the final
decision on the scope and targets of the commissioning task, the selection of the commissioning team regarding
the balance of budget, and level of performance assurance and lighting system complexity, typically with input
from the design team.
They review and approve the documents such as the commissioning plan and training plan.
They make the decision on the following-up procedures for any reported items that cannot achieve the design
specification in a timely and economic way during the commissioning process.
They also coordinate actions among the relevant participants during the Cx process.
6.3 Design team
The lighting system design process is an iterative process to design lighting system solutions for sustainable
lighting quality and energy efficiency based on specifications in the relevant lighting application standards, for
the wellbeing of users and for a pleasant built environment.
Note: see CEN/TS 17165:2018 for more information.
In the meantime, asAs the design is the basis for the entire project and defines how effectively it can be
commissioned, it is important that the design team is aware of the commissioning requirements of the lighting
systems.
So the, two-way communication and coordination between design team and commissioning team is very
important and necessary in the following aspects:.
a) The design team shares the design documents with the commissioning team as the basis for the development
of the commissioning plan and commissioning specification, and also for their comments to maximize the
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functionality, operability, maintainability and ease of commissioning of the lighting system.
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ISO /DTR 5911:2023(E)
b) The design team makes a review of the commissioning plan and commissioning specification to ensure that
these documents comply with the design documents. ISO/TS 21274:2020 recommends that they should
participate all the relevant activities during the commissioning process.
c) The design team also transfers all the information on the functionality, operability, maintainability, and ease
of commissioning of the designed lighting system into design documents, so that all related contractors,
subcontractors and suppliers for implementing the Cx plan during the installation stage can provide the
necessary support including the access to hardware, software or onsite technical support to assist the Cx
effort.
6.4 Contractors, subcontractors and suppliers
The role of the (sub)contractors is to execute the installation process, and they are responsible for proper
installation, and functional testing of all of the components and equipment of the lighting systems according to
the design documents. The (sub)contractors should manage their functions in the commissioning process and
work closely with the Cx team to document the performance of the commissioned lighting systems.
The equipment documentation includes the instructions for installation, testing, operations, and maintenance.
Suppliers are also responsible for providing the necessary operating interface for hardware, software or onsite
technical support. On some complex lighting systems the supplier participates in the start-up and testing of the
system and training.
6.5 Commissioning team
The commissioning team manages the commissioning process. ISO/TS 21274:202
...

FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTR
DRAFT
REPORT 5911
ISO/TC 274
Light and lighting – Commissioning
Secretariat: DIN
of lighting systems in buildings –
Voting begins on:
2023-05-05 Explanation and justification of ISO/
TS 21274
Voting terminates on:
2023-06-30
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023

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FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTR
DRAFT
REPORT 5911
ISO/TC 274
Light and lighting – Commissioning
Secretariat: DIN
of lighting systems in buildings –
Voting begins on:
Explanation and justification of ISO/
TS 21274
Voting terminates on:
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: [phone]
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
ii
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023

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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General aspects . 2
4.1 Benefits of commissioning for lighting systems . 2
4.2 The need for commissioning . 2
4.3 Content of commissioning for lighting systems . 2
4.4 The acceptance of commissioning deliverables . 3
5 Commissioning methods and selection . 3
5.1 Classification of commissioning methods . 3
5.2 Selection of commissioning methods . 4
6 Roles and responsibilities . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Owner or tenant . 5
6.3 Design team . 5
6.4 Contractors, subcontractors and suppliers . 5
6.5 Commissioning team . 5
7 Commissioning activities. 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Pre­commissioning phase . 7
7.3 Installation phase . 7
7.4 Field commissioning phase . 8
7.5 Post occupancy phase . 9
8 Documentation requirements of ISO/TS 21274.10
8.1 General . 10
8.2 Commissioning plan . 10
8.3 Commissioning specification . 11
8.4 Commissioning observation inspection and calibration report . 11
8.5 Issues log .12
8.6 Training plan . 12
8.7 Commissioning report . 13
9 Contractual completion .13
Annex A (informative) Example for commissioning specification of lighting systems.14
Bibliography .18
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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 274, Light and lighting.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Introduction
The increasing use of solid-state lighting technology e.g. LED lighting, the growing scientific insight
on the impact of light on humans and the diverse individual demands for lighting function bring
a significant incentive for the application of lighting control. However, the resulting complexity of
installed systems needs more professional skills to design, install, and maintain.
Commissioning is a very important measure that can be taken to guarantee the quality of lighting
systems as close as possible to its design intent. ISO/TS 21274:2020 specifies requirements for the
commissioning of lighting systems in buildings to meet design specifications, including roles and
responsibilities, commissioning activities, documentation requirements and system handover.
This document presents explanation and justification to support the correct understanding, use and
national implementations of ISO/TS 21274:2020.
v
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
Light and lighting – Commissioning of lighting systems in
buildings – Explanation and justification of ISO/TS 21274
1 Scope
This document provides information to support the correct understanding, use and national
implementations of ISO/TS 21274:2020. It gives explanations on the procedures and background
information. It also provides justifications of the choices that have been made. It gives detailed examples
to illustrate the overall workings of ISO/TS 21274.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 21274, Light and lighting — Commissioning of lighting systems in buildings
ISO 52000­1, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1: General
framework and procedures
CIE S 017, ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 52000-1, ISO/TS 21274 and
CIE S 017 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
lighting system
system designed to provide lighting
Note 1 to entry: A lighting system can be dedicated to:
a) the support of one or more specified visual tasks under specified conditions considering other requirements
such as human comfort, safety, the appearance of the surrounding environment and energy consumption;
b) the support of other than human tasks.
Note 2 to entry: A lighting system can include a set of light sources, other physical components, communication
protocols, user interfaces, software and networks to provide control and monitoring functions.
Note 3 to entry: The light source(s) and the related equipment ca/n be integrated in a single item, e.g. an LED
module, a lamp or a luminaire.
Note 4 to entry: A lighting system can be networked to provide central or remote control and monitoring
functions.
Note 5 to entry: A lighting system can be connected to or integrated with other systems or devices.
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ISO/DTR 5911:2023(E)
[SOURCE: CIE S 017:2020, 17­27­010]
4 General aspects
4.1 Benefits of commissioning for lighting systems
For traditional lighting solutions of interior spaces using discharge, halogen and incandescent
lighting technology, the systems are relatively simple, so commissioning can be implemented after
appropriate preparation. LEDs’ capabilities of instantaneous response, dimming, colour tuning, and
stable performance under frequent switching conditions, offer good opportunity to create a lighting
environment of high quality with more energy efficient solutions.
The integration of new technology including IoT, digital control and IT into lighting systems, and better
knowledge on the influence of light on human wellbeing, means that lighting technology continues
its advance into IoT and advanced digital applications, adaptive lighting and integrative lighting. The
transformation of lighting from simple to complex systems, providing tailored lighting conditions for
diverse individual needs and demanding tasks, the trend for more hardware functions to be realized
with software, and interactions with other building automation systems make the lighting system
complex to design, install and put into service.
In a perfect situation, the owners/tenants clearly communicate their needs and desires, the design team
is united around a concept and clearly express design intent, and installation and startup occur without
error. The owners/tenants benefit from a high-quality control system. But in reality, a deficiency in one
or more components can prevent the correct operation of the lighting system. If something goes wrong
during the construction process, measures can be taken to assure that the final lighting system will
satisfy the owners/tenants needs.
According to ISO/TS 21274:2020, commissioning is necessary to manage the growing complexity of
lighting systems. Commissioning for a lighting system is more than just an energy saving strategy,
but also a quality control process ensuring that the operation of a lighting system meets the design
specification, by integrating the functions of design, construction, and operation, with the involvement
of the project team during each phase of the project.
4.2 The need for commissioning
With the discovery of ipRGCs and the non-image-forming pathway, the aim of lighting in buildings
has been expanding from visual performance and visual comfort to integrative lighting for producing
physiological and/or psychological benefits for humans, which means that the design specification can
differ from project to project for the reason of different occupant profiles, activity profiles, daylight
conditions, and design philosophy etc.
So the scope of commissioning can be decided according to the owner or tenants requirements, and the
complexity and scale of the lighting system, design specification, and budget.
This document gives some general principles for commissioning regarding roles and responsibilities,
activities, documentation, but not technical specification of lighting systems, which are supplemented
by design specification as Annex A shows.
4.3 Content of commissioning for lighting systems
Commissioning is a very important measure to ensure the lighting system can work as close to the
design specification as possible. The strategy of commissioning can be different from system to system.
The content of commissioning can include but is not limited to the following items:
— Installation check: The commissioning team can develop equipment installation checklists on the
basis of design documents, with which they can conduct the inspection to ensure that all equipment
are of the correct type and quantity, and located and connected correctly as the design documents
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specify. For sensors and adjustable luminaires, ISO/TS 21274:2020 also recommends to check the
aiming of these devices, with no blocking in the specified direction.
— Operation check: The operating function of a sampled proportion of devices (including luminaires,
solar shading systems, daylight redirecting systems and other systems in the building connected
with the lighting systems) is checked to ensure all the control functions of local and remote-control
devices operate correctly. For lighting systems with sensors, the simulated sensing signal can be
used to verify the activation of different design control modes. The communication and control
logics are verified during this stage.
— Performance test: Performance testing involves ensuring the installed system meets the design
specification under the designed operating conditions and control modes. A step-by-step test
procedure is used from components, systems to points of interaction between technical building
systems, and all the problems discovered during this stage are recorded in the issue log. The
possible reasons for these problems is analysed and confirmed as the basis of further calibration
and configuration.
— Calibration and configuration: Calibration and configuration is a very important measure for
problem solving during the commissioning process. A systematic analysis of any problems found
during check and test is made with all related stakeholders, and design assumptions, device
performance, and control parameters are verified. On the basis of these analysis and verification,
calibration and configuration can be made accordingly.
4.4 The acceptance of commissioning deliverables
The process for each activity and deliverable includes an acceptance step as defined in the
commissioning plan (Cx plan). This step formalizes the acceptance of the commissioning deliverable by
the owner or tenant.
5 Commissioning methods and selection
5.1 Classification of commissioning methods
The term commissioning comes from the shipbuilding industry. A commissioned ship is a ship with
all the equipment installed and tested, problems identified and corrected, and the prospective crew
extensively trained.
Since its adoption by the building industry, commissioning has been widely recognized as a valuable
mechanism for quality assurance, ensuring building systems are fully integrated, tested, and function
properly.
Initial commissioning can be conducted during the installation stage and operation stage. It helps ensure
that the performance of the lighting system meets the design specification. This type of commissioning
is specified in Method 1, the basic method, in ISO/TS 21274:2020.
The growing demand on the building environment has resulted in moving from simple to complex
lighting systems, which enables one to develop more efficient and flexible solutions, but also leads to a
higher level of complexity.
With the increasing complexity of building systems, a lack of familiarity by the designers, installers, or
end­users can lead to the misapplication of technologies and result in poor performance. How to ensure
the commissionability of the lighting system and reduce the potential cost of further modification
and commissioning due to minor defects in the lighting system design has become more challenging.
According to ISO/TS 21274:2020, the commissionability of lighting systems is designed so that when
installed, all designed control logic can be accessed and checked easily, which requires that the cause
and effect relation of control logic of lighting systems should be provided to the commissioning team,
and they should have all the necessary access authorization to make configuration and calibration on
the lighting systems.
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A broader concept of commissioning has been introduced, which starts from the pre­design phase,
goes through the installation phase, and continues during the post-occupancy phase, and is a quality
assurance process to ensure the performance of the building meets the design documents. This type of
commissioning is specified in Method 2, the full life-cycle commissioning method, in ISO/TS 21274:2020.
5.2 Selection of commissioning methods
According to CIE 222:2017, lighting controls are electrical devices added to the installed lighting circuit
to adjust the light output of the luminaires according to a pre-planned program or automatic detection
regime or to operator managed actions. They play an essential role in all lighting systems, providing
the functions of switching and/or dimming. In past decades, fast advancement of technology, higher
requirement on energy saving and deeper understanding on the influence of light for human wellbeing,
all push the lighting control strategy from simple to complicated. According to the control strategy, the
lighting controls can be classified into the following types:
Manual control
These respond to human commands and are typically operated by hand. The forms of manual control
can vary from simple switches used to turn the lights on, to dimmer switches and remote-control
devices. It is the most popular control strategy in lighting application at the moment, and relatively
simple for installation. So, the basic method for commissioning can be sufficient, and one point for
consideration during the commissioning process is to ensure that users of the system can readily
understand the function of any such control devices.
Automatic control
Here, the lighting system can switch or dim designated loads automatically in response to events such
as a time schedule, illuminance, or occupancy, etc. The automatic control lighting system can have some
manual control interface.
At the very beginning, the control function is realized by hardware such as a relay, which is pre-set
during the manufacturing stage. The function of controls is more product-dependent, and relatively
simple. The control parameters are generally difficult to modify in the field. The difficulty for design,
installation and commissioning of the system is relatively low, so there is no high demand for a full life-
cycle commissioning method.
With the fast development of IT technology, software is playing a more and more important role in
realizing the function of automatic control. Advanced performance can be achieved with the improved
processing capacity of programmable control devices in lighting systems. It also gives much more
flexibility, and the control function can be updated by reconfiguring the program or updating the
control software without change in any of the hardware of the lighting systems. This is a very big step
for lighting application, it is also the foundation for connected lighting and integrative lighting.
However, this also increases the complexity of lighting systems, and multidisciplinary knowledge
to realize the system. A lack of familiarity by the designers, installers, or end-users can lead to the
misapplication of technologies and result in poor performance. So, ISO/TS 21274:2020 recommends
a full life-cycle commissioning method, which starts from the pre-design phase, goes through the
installation phase, and continues during the post-occupancy phase.
6 Roles and responsibilities
6.1 General
Lighting systems are becoming more sophisticated. The design, installation and operation complexities
increase along with capabilities and benefits. There is a need for cooperation between the owner,
design team, contractors (including subcontractors and suppliers) and commissioning team in a
highly collaborative way. ISO/TS 21274 specifies the roles and responsibilities of all the responsible
parties related to commissioning, including the owner or tenant, the design team, the contractors and
subcontractors, suppliers and Cx team.
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6.2 Owner or tenant
Owner or tenant acts as a coordinator and final decision maker in the commissioning process. They
make the final decision on the scope and targets of the commissioning task, the selection of the
commissioning team regarding the balance of budget, and level of performance assurance and lighting
system complexity, typically with input from the design team.
They review and approve the documents such as the commissioning plan and training plan.
They make the decision on the following-up procedures for any reported items that cannot achieve the
design specification in a timely and economic way during the commissioning process.
They also coordinate actions among the relevant participants during the Cx process.
6.3 Design team
The lighting system design process is an iterative process to design lighting system solutions for
sustainable lighting quality and energy efficiency based on specifications in the relevant lighting
application standards, for the wellbeing of users and for a pleasant built environment.
Note see CEN/TS 17165:2018 for more information.
As the design is the basis for the entire project and defines how effectively it can be commissioned, it
is important that the design team is aware of the commissioning requirements of the lighting systems.
So, two-way communication and coordination between design team and commissioning team is very
important and necessary in the following aspects.
a) The design team shares the design documents with the commissioning team as the basis for
the development of the commissioning plan and commissioning specification, and also for their
comments to maximize the functionality, operability, maintainability and ease of commissioning of
the lighting system.
b) The design team makes a review of the commissioning plan and commissioning specification to
ensure that these documents comply with the design documents. ISO/TS 21274:2020 recommends
that they should participate all the relevant activities during the commissioning process.
c) The design team also transfers all the information on the functionality, operability, maintainability,
and ease of commissioning of the designed lighting system into design documents, so that all
related contractors, subcontractors and suppliers for implementing the Cx plan during the
installation stage can provide the necessary support including the access to hardware, software or
onsite technical support to assist the Cx effort.
6.4 Contractors, subcontractors and suppliers
The role of the (sub
...