SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
(Main)Safety of machinery - Part 3: Ergonomic principles for the design of mobile machinery
Safety of machinery - Part 3: Ergonomic principles for the design of mobile machinery
This Technical Report establishes the ergonomic principles to be followed during the design process of mobile machinery with special emphasis on the aspects in which mobile machinery differs from static machinery. The ergonomic design principles given in this Technical Report apply to either or both seated and standing positions. This Technical Report is applicable for the design of mobile (self-propelled and towable) machines in order to ensure ergonomic working conditions for the operator. This Technical Report applies only to driving and operating mobile machinery and not to performing other tasks (e.g. sorters on a potato harvesting machine). Pedestrian-controlled and handheld machinery are not included. This Technical Report also applies to vehicle-mounted machinery when observing their functional properties e.g. mobile cranes. Installing, cleaning, and repairing of mobile machinery is not included. Basic concepts and general ergonomic principles for the design of machinery are dealt with in prEN ISO 12100 and EN 614-1 and EN 614-2. NOTE 1 EN 614-1 provides a framework for incorporating ergonomics principles in the design process. This framework helps designers to perform ergonomics analyses and design actions at the appropriate stages of the design process. NOTE 2 EN 614-2 provides principles of the design of the work tasks in interaction with machinery design. This framework helps designers to focus on the work task design and on the optimal allocation of work tasks between the operator and the machine.
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Teil 3: Ergonomische Grundsätze für die Gestaltung von mobilen Maschinen
Der vorliegende Technische Bericht legt die ergonomischen Grundsätze fest, die während des Gestaltungs-prozesses mobiler Maschinen unter spezieller Berücksichtigung der Aspekte einzuhalten sind, in denen sich mobile von ortsfesten Maschinen unterscheiden. Die in diesem Technischen Bericht angegebenen ergonomischen Gestaltungsgrundsätze gelten sowohl für sitzende als auch für stehende Positionen. Dieser Technische Bericht gilt für die Gestaltung mobiler (selbstfahrender und schleppbarer) Maschinen, um die ergonomischen Anforderungen an das Bedienungspersonal sicherzustellen. Der vorliegende Technische Bericht gilt nur für das Fahren und Bedienen mobiler Maschinen und nicht für die Ausführung anderer Aufgaben (z. B. Sortierer auf einer Kartoffelerntemaschine). Flurgeführte und handgeführte Maschinen sind nicht eingeschlossen. Dieser Technische Bericht gilt auch für auf Fahrzeuge montierte Maschinen, wenn deren Funktionseigenschaften überwacht werden, z. B. bei mobilen Kränen.
Die Installation, Reinigung und Instandsetzung mobiler Maschinen ist nicht enthalten.
Grundlegende Konzepte und allgemeine ergonomische Grundlagen für die Gestaltung von Maschinen werden in prEN ISO 12100 sowie in EN 614 1 und EN 614 2 behandelt.
ANMERKUNG 1 EN 614 1 stellt ein Rahmenwerk zur Verfügung, wie ergonomische Grundsätze in den Gestaltungs-prozess einzubeziehen sind. Dieses Rahmenwerk hilft Entwicklern, ergonomische Analysen und Gestaltungsarbeiten in den zutreffenden Phasen des Gestaltungsprozesses durchzuführen.
ANMERKUNG 2 EN 614 2 stellt die Grundlagen der Gestaltung von Arbeitsaufgaben im Zusammenhang mit der Gestaltung von Maschinen zur Verfügung. Dieses Rahmenwerk hilft Entwicklern, das Hauptaugenmerk auf die Gestaltung von Arbeitsaufgaben und auf die optimale Zuweisung der Arbeitsaufgaben zwischen dem Bedienungspersonal und der Maschine zu richten.
Sécurité des machines - Partie 3: Principes ergonomiques pour la conception de machines mobiles
Le présent Rapport technique donne les principes ergonomiques à suivre lors du processus de conception des machines mobiles, en insistant tout particulièrement sur les aspects qui distinguent une machine mobile d’une machine fixe. Les principes ergonomiques de conception donnés dans le présent Rapport technique s’appliquent à la position assise ou à la position debout ou aux deux positions à la fois. Le présent Rapport technique s’applique à la conception de machines mobiles (automotrices et remorquables) dans le but de s’assurer du respect des exigences ergonomiques pour l’opérateur. Le présent Rapport technique s’applique uniquement à la conduite et à l’utilisation des machines mobiles et non à l’exécution d’autres tâches (par exemple, trieurs sur une arracheuse de pommes de terre). Les machines à conducteur accompagnant et les machines tenues à la main ne sont pas concernées. Le présent Rapport technique s’applique également aux engins à nacelle pour suivre leurs propriétés fonctionnelles, par exemple les grues mobiles.
L’installation, le nettoyage et la réparation des machines mobiles ne sont pas traités.
Les concepts de base et les principes ergonomiques généraux pour la conception des machines sont traités dans le prEN ISO 12100, l’EN 614-1 et l’EN 614-2.
NOTE 1 L’EN 614-1 fournit un cadre permettant d’intégrer les principes ergonomiques dans le processus de conception. Ce cadre aide les concepteurs à faire des analyses ergonomiques et à projeter les actions voulues aux étapes appropriées du processus de conception.
NOTE 2 L’EN 614-2 fournit les principes de conception des tâches dans le cadre de l’interaction avec la conception des machines. Ce cadre aide les concepteurs à se concentrer sur la conception des tâches et sur leur répartition optimale entre l’opérateur et la machine.
Varnost strojev - 3. del: Ergonomska načela za načrtovanje mobilnih strojev
To tehnično poročilo vzpostavlja ergonomska načela, ki jim je potrebno slediti med procesom načrtovanja mobilnih strojev s posebnim poudarkom na vidikih, po katerih se mobilni stroji razlikujejo od stacionarnih strojev. Načela ergonomskega načrtovanja, podana v tem tehničnem poročilu, veljajo ali za sedeče ali za stoječe položaje ali pa za oboje. To tehnično poročilo velja za načrtovanje mobilnih (samognanih in vlečenih) strojev z namenom zagotoviti ergonomske delovne pogoje za operaterja. To tehnično poročilo velja zgolj za šofiranje in upravljanje mobilnih strojev in ne za izvajanje drugih nalog (npr. sortiranje na stroju za pobiranje krompirja). Stroji, ki jih nadzoruje pešec, in ročni stroji niso vključeni. To tehnično poročilo velja tudi za stroje, nameščene na vozilo, kadar se opazuje njihove funkcionalne lastnosti, npr. premični žerjavi. Namestitev, čiščenje in popravila mobilnih strojev niso vključena. Osnovni koncepti in splošna ergonomska načela za načrtovanje strojev obravnavajo prEN ISO 12100, EN 614-1 in EN 614-2. OPOMBA 1: EN 614-1 podaja okvir za vključitev ergonomskih načel v proces načrtovanja. Ta okvir pomaga načrtovalcem, da izvedejo ergonomsko analizo in dejanja načrtovanja na primernih stopnjah procesa načrtovanja. OPOMBA 2: 614-2 določa načela načrtovanja delovnih nalog ter povezanost z načrtovanjem strojev. Ta okvir pomaga načrtovalcem, da se osredotočijo na načrt delovnih nalog in na optimalno razporeditev delovnih nalog med operaterjem in strojem.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
01-januar-2011
9DUQRVWVWURMHYGHO (UJRQRPVNDQDþHOD]DQDþUWRYDQMHPRELOQLKVWURMHY
Safety of machinery - Part 3: Ergonomic principles for the design of mobile machinery
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Teil 3: Ergonomische Grundsätze für die Gestaltung von
mobilen Maschinen
Sécurité des machines - Partie 3: Principes ergonomiques pour la conception de
machines mobiles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 614-3:2010
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 614-3
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
November 2010
ICS 13.110
English Version
Safety of machinery - Part 3: Ergonomic principles for the design
of mobile machinery
Sécurité des machines - Partie 3: Principes ergonomiques Sicherheit von Maschinen - Teil 3: Ergonomische
pour la conception de machines mobiles Grundsätze für die Gestaltung von mobilen Maschinen
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 23 August 2010. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 122.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 614-3:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Terms and definitions .6
3 General design principles .8
3.1 General .8
3.2 Ergonomic design principles concerning anthropometry and biomechanics .8
3.3 Ergonomic design principles concerning work tasks .8
3.4 Accessible design for people with special requirements .8
4 Design of workplaces .8
4.1 General .8
4.2 Workspace .9
4.2.1 General .9
4.2.2 Leg space .9
4.2.3 Work space height considerations for seated positions .9
4.2.4 Work space height considerations for standing positions .9
4.2.5 Arm space and reach envelopes .9
4.2.6 Field of vision to displays and control actuators .9
4.3 Seated operator . 10
4.3.1 Seat design and adjustment . 10
4.3.2 Seat suspension . 11
4.4 Standing operator . 11
4.5 Access system design . 11
4.5.1 General . 11
4.5.2 Stairs and ladders . 12
4.5.3 Handrails . 13
4.5.4 Access path . 13
5 Design of signals, displays and control actuators . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Functions . 14
5.2.1 General . 14
5.2.2 Graphical symbols . 14
5.3 Signals and displays . 14
5.3.1 General . 14
5.3.2 Visual signals and displays . 14
5.3.3 Auditory signals . 15
5.3.4 Tactile displays/controls . 15
5.4 Control actuators . 15
5.4.1 General . 15
5.4.2 Position of control actuators . 16
5.4.3 Direction of motion . 16
5.4.4 Operating force . 17
5.4.5 Reaction time (speed) control system . 17
5.4.6 Accuracy . 18
6 Mental workload . 18
7 Visibility . 18
7.1 General . 18
7.2 Visibility conditions to the outside . 18
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
7.3 Mirrors and other visibility aids . 19
7.4 Windows . 19
8 Environmental factors . 20
8.1 General . 20
8.2 Lighting. 20
8.2.1 Integral lighting . 20
8.2.2 Working lights . 20
8.3 Thermal environment . 20
8.3.1 General . 20
8.3.2 Optimal thermal conditions . 21
8.3.3 Closed cabin . 21
8.4 Ventilation . 21
8.5 Noise . 21
8.6 Vibration . 22
8.6.1 Exposure to vibration . 22
8.6.2 Reduction of vibration effects . 22
9 Information for use . 23
Annex A (informative) Method for assessing the level of visibility . 24
A.1 General . 24
A.2 Defining the necessary level of visibility . 24
A.3 Checking the minimum visibility . 24
Annex B (informative) Method for assessing vibration . 25
B.1 Method for the determination of whole-body vibration emission . 25
B.2 Method for testing suspension seats . 25
Bibliography . 26
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 614-3:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
During the development of this document the Technical Committee has referred to the recommendations
made within CEN/CENELEC Guide 6 to address the specific needs of older persons and persons with
disabilities.
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 contains the following annexes:
Annex A (informative) – Method for assessing the level of visibility
Annex B (informative) – Method for assessing vibration
4
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
Introduction
Mobile machinery considering ergonomic design principles enhances safety, effectiveness and efficiency,
improve human working conditions, and counteract adverse effects on human health and performance. Good
ergonomic design therefore exerts a favourable influence on the whole work system, and on the reliability of
the human being within it.
In this Technical Report the term ‘ergonomics’ refers to a multidisciplinary field of science and its application.
Applying ergonomics to the design of operator's station and/or workplaces considering the elements of the
work system ensures that human capabilities, skills, limitations and needs are taken into account.
This Technical Report deals with common aspects for the ergonomics design principles of mobile machinery.
This Technical Report contains different types of information to be considered and used when designing the
ergonomics aspects of a mobile machinery. Some clauses provide general guidance to be considered in the
design of mobile machinery. Other clauses include more specific design guidance and requirements relevant
to current technology.
5
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Report establishes the ergonomic principles to be followed during the design process of mobile
machinery with special emphasis on the aspects in which mobile machinery differs from static machinery.
The ergonomic design principles given in this Technical Report apply to either or both seated and standing
positions.
This Technical Report is applicable for the design of mobile (self-propelled and towable) machines in order to
ensure ergonomic working conditions for the operator.
This Technical Report applies only to driving and operating mobile machinery and not to performing other
tasks (e.g. sorters on a potato harvesting machine). Pedestrian-controlled and handheld machinery are not
included. This Technical Report also applies to vehicle-mounted machinery when observing their functional
properties e.g. mobile cranes.
Installing, cleaning, and repairing of mobile machinery is not included.
Basic concepts and general ergonomic principles for the design of machinery are dealt with in prEN ISO 12100
and EN 614-1 and EN 614-2.
NOTE 1 EN 614-1 provides a framework for incorporating ergonomics principles in the design process. This framework
helps designers to perform ergonomics analyses and design actions at the appropriate stages of the design process.
NOTE 2 EN 614-2 provides principles of the design of the work tasks in interaction with machinery design. This
framework helps designers to focus on the work task design and on the optimal allocation of work tasks between the
operator and the machine.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Report, the definitions given in EN 614-1, prEN ISO 12100 and the
following apply.
2.1
access
process of getting to or out of:
operator's station or workplace(s);
maintenance and service areas
NOTE Getting out of or off a machine is also called "egress".
2.2
access system
system provided on a machine for access
NOTE This definition is compatible with the definition for earth-moving machines in EN ISO 2867:2008, 3.1.
2.3
cabin
enclosure around the operator's station or operator's workplace(s)
6
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
2.4
handrail
handhold
top element designed to be grasped by the hand for body support which can be used individually or as the
upper part of a guard-rail
[EN ISO 14122-3:2001, 3.2.1]
2.5
operator's station
workplace of the operator
location on the mobile machine where the operator controls some or all of his tasks
2.6
seat index point
SIP
point on the central vertical plane of the seat
NOTE 1 SIP is determined by the device shown in Figure 1 of EN ISO 5353:1998, when installed in the seat as
specified in EN ISO 5353:1998, 5.3.
NOTE 2 The SIP is fixed with respect to the machine and does not move with the seat through its adjustment and/or
oscillation range.
NOTE 3 The SIP as established and defined by this International Standard may be considered, for operator work-place
design purposes, to be equivalent to the intersection on the central vertical plane through the seat centerline of the
theoretical pivot axis between a human torso and thighs.
[EN ISO 5353:1998, 3.1]
2.7
stair
fixed means of access with an angel of pitch from more than 20° up to 45°, whose horizontal elements are
steps (see Figure 1)
Figure 1 — 20° < angle of pitch ≤ 45°
[EN ISO 14122-1:2001, 3.3]
7
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
2.8
three point support
feature of an access system that enables a person to use simultaneously two hands and one foot or two feet
and one hand while ascending, descending or moving about on the machine
[EN ISO 2867:2008]
3 General design principles
3.1 General
The general ergonomics design principles set out in EN ISO 6385 and EN 614-1 apply also for mobile
machinery.
3.2 Ergonomic design principles concerning anthropometry and biomechanics
Special consideration needs to be given to:
dimensioning of the operator's work station;
safety distances;
dimensions for access;
manual handling of component parts during assembly and disassembly (e.g. by marking the mass of the
main parts).
Information on anthropometrical aspects of the European population is given in EN 547-1 to EN 547-3 and
EN ISO 14738. Biomechanical aspects are covered by EN 1005-1 to EN 1005-5. For safety distances,
consider EN ISO 13857.
3.3 Ergonomic design principles concerning work tasks
The general ergonomics principles for work task design set out in EN 614-2 apply also for mobile machinery.
3.4 Accessible design for people with special requirements
Where it is required, the designer should take account of people with special requirements and apply
ergonomic principles to accessible design and assistive technology in order to enable the use of machinery by
people with special requirements.
NOTE Special needs includes sensory abilities like vision, tactile and acoustic input, physical abilities like dexterity,
manipulation, movement, voice, strength and endurance, cognitive abilities like intellect, memory, language and literacy
and allergies like contact allergy and respiratory allergy. For further information see CEN/CENELEC Guide 6 and
ISO/TR 22411.
4 Design of workplaces
4.1 General
It is advisable that the operator's station or workplace is designed, constructed and/or equipped to ensure that
the operator has good operating conditions and is protected against foreseeable ergonomics hazards (for
instance: temperature, air flow and humidity, noise and vibration, inadequate visibility, mental overload).
8
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
For most mobile machinery the sitting working position is the preferred work position for the operator during
operation as it is the most stable working position. For some mobile machines a standing work position may
be required for work tasks, e.g. when the operator has to leave the machine frequently.
4.2 Workspace
4.2.1 General
Consideration of the operator's body dimensions (including clothing and helmet where appropriate) and task
demands is a precondition in designing the operator's workspace. Sufficient space for movements of the
head, trunk, arms and legs is necessary in order to control the mobile machinery. Make sure that the operator
is able from either a sitting or standing position to move his arms freely and to turn the upper body in an
obstacle free space.
For minimum operator space envelope in earth moving machines, see EN ISO 3411:2007, Clause 5.
4.2.2 Leg space
The following requirements concerning leg space are essential:
foot and leg space for the operating position;
foot and leg space to access the operating position.
NOTE The preferable location for foot-operated controls for a seated operator of earth moving machines within the
"zone of comfort" is given in EN ISO 6682.
4.2.3 Work space height considerations for seated positions
The minimum distance between the SIP (see 2.6) and the head guard or cabin roof can be defined according
to EN ISO 3411:2007, Clause 5.
4.2.4 Work space height considerations for standing positions
When operating a mobile machine in standing position it is important that the work space height ensures
enough space between the roof and the operator and that the space is suitable for tasks requiring good
visibility.
NOTE The minimum space envelope for a standing operator can be determined according to EN ISO 3411:2007,
5.1.
4.2.5 Arm space and reach envelopes
The minimum space and reach envelope for the arms (to meet the "zone of comfort") are given in
EN ISO 6682.
When reversing mobile machinery with a non-turning seat provide sufficient space for placing the non-steering
arm behind the backrest.
4.2.6 Field of vision to displays and control actuators
While designing horizontal monitoring area take into account the field of vision and the necessary movements
of eye, head and body.
The information about optimal and necessary horizontal and vertical fields of vision can be found in EN 894-2.
See also Clause 8 of this Technical Report.
9
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
For maximum field of vision, see EN ISO 14738.
4.3 Seated operator
4.3.1 Seat design and adjustment
Seats need to be designed with due regard to the nature of operation of the machinery. To minimize whole
body vibration a seat suspension on mobile machinery is recommended. For the operator's posture, see
8.6.2.1.
It is recommended that seats:
th th
are easily adjustable (for/aft height) in order to suit operators of different sizes (from the 5 to the 95
percentile of the intended working population);
incorporate an adjustable backrest to give a firm support to the lumbar spine without restricting necessary
twisting of the torso, e. g. when reversing;
have a seat-depth that does not impose pressure on the back of the knees/lower part of thighs of the
operator;
th
have a seat cushion that is wide enough for the 95 percentile operator to sit comfortable and allow
him/her to move on the cushion;
allow movements and change of posture while sitting in them;
prevent harmful exposure of vibration and shocks;
have a cushion of heat insulating material, which permits ventilation and which provides enough friction to
prevent sliding off;
have a proper maintenance program in the instructions for use.
Where appropriate, it is recommended that seats:
are designed to compensate for prolonged work facing different directions; e.g. be tiltable backwards
when work requires looking upwards, rotate sideways when working sideways and be possible to lock in
that position;
are provided with properly arranged height adjustable armrests that do not obstruct arm movements;
if equipped with a safety belt, allow the operator to perform all tasks
have a heating arrangement in the seat and backrest;
are possible to swivel to assist easy access and egress.
If a seat is equipped with a suspension, a weight adjustment independent of the vertical adjustment is
essential.
All seat adjustments are recommended to be:
intuitive with clear and easily understood instructions;
easily accessible when the operator is seated;
convenient to use with no great effort required;
10
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
strong and reliable;
not presenting any risk of injury to the hands and fingers.
It is common ergonomic knowledge that the seat index point (SIP), as defined in EN ISO 5353 is the datum for
all seat dimensions and other related dimensions (e.g. location of controls). For seat dimensions, see
ISO 11112.
4.3.2 Seat suspension
Depending on the type of machine and the operating condition, an adequate seat suspension system may be
advisable. To be efficient at attenuating the vibration, suspension seats are selected to fulfil criteria
(acceptance levels) defined in relevant type C standards specific to a family of machinery (see B.1). See
8.6.2.2 for suspension devices.
4.4 Standing operator
When designing a workplace for a standing operator, make sure that the mobile machine provides a secure
position including a support for the operator. The platform should be large enough to allow a stable standing
position during movement of the machinery. Support to the rest of the body can be provided by a sit/stand
seat. Handrails or rails at the side of the operator can provide additional support. The location of these
supports needs to be evaluated for each machine considering the dropping height.
4.5 Access system design
4.5.1 General
General requirements for the access to machinery are given in EN ISO 14122.
In the design it is advisable to consider the interactions between individual components of the access system
(e.g. steps, handrails, doorways, platforms):
pay regard to those instances where the operator has frequently to carry material or tools;
consider that the design of the access system to heights above 600 mm allows the operator to maintain a
three-point contact of his hands and feet;
make sure that all surfaces for the feet are slip-resistant;
arrange the components of the access system so that they form a continuous natural pathway to the
platform or operator's station and to the ground;
arrange stairs, ladders, and single steps so that they are approximately at right angles to the access path
(see Figure 2).
11
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 614-3:2011
CEN/TR 614-3:2010 (E)
Key
1 Access path 3 Effective door opening (width)
2 Step 4 Door
Figure 2 — Schematic illustration (top view) of a mobile machine showing the access path
4.5.2 Stairs and ladders
Stairs are generally preferred to ladders as more convenient and more safe system of access to and from the
working place. An ergonomic designed access system encourages the proper use, a stable movement and
reduces hazardous behaviour of jumping down from the machinery.
For an ergonomic design in accordance with the context of use, the step height of the first step and the
inclination need to be considered:
The height from the ground surface to the first step should preferably be 300 mm, on machines used in rough
terrain 400 mm. EN ISO 2867 gives guidance for the designer of stairs and ladders for earth moving machines
and notes that “when possible, the dimension doesn’t overstep 600 mm”. In fact, this previous dimension
wrongly applies numerous types of earth moving machines working outdoors and is inadequate, notably for
th
the 5 percentile of the working population. If so, it is necessary to design appropriate devices with the
following features:
inclination of the ladder, see EN ISO 2867:2008;
inclination of the stair, see EN ISO 14122-1:2001;
extension by swivelling the first (lower) step;
arrange stairs and stepladders so
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.