SIST ENV 1187:2003
(Main)Test methods for external fire exposure to roofs
Test methods for external fire exposure to roofs
This European Standard specifies three methods for determining the performance of roofs to external fire exposure. The three methods assess the performance of roofs under the following conditions:
test 1 - with burning brands
test 2 - with burning brands and wind
test 3 - with burning brands, wind and supplementary radiant heat.
The tests assess the fire spread across the external surface of the roof, the fire spread within the roof, the fire penetration (tests 1 and 3) and the production of flaming droplets or debris falling from the underside of the roof or from the exposed surface (tests 1 and 3).
Tests 2 and 3 are not applicable to geometrically irregular roofs or roof mounted appliances e.g. ventilators and roof lights.
NOTE The three tests listed above do not imply any ranking order. Each test stands on its own without the possibility to substitute or exchange one for another.
Prüfverfahren zur Beanspruchung von Bedachungen durch Feuer von außen
Diese Europäische Vornorm beschreibt drei Prüfverfahren, um das Brandverhalten von Bedachungen gegen Feuerbeanspruchung von außen zu ermitteln. Die drei Verfahren beurteilen das Brandverhalten von Bedachungen unter den folgenden Beanspruchungen:
3 Prüfverfahren 1: Mit Beanspruchung durch Brandsätze
3 Prüfverfahren 2: Mit Beanspruchung durch Brandsätze und Wind
3 Prüfverfahren 3: Mit Beanspruchung durch Brandsätze, Wind und zusätzliche Strahlungswärme.
Die Prüfverfahren beurteilen die Brandausbreitung auf der Dachoberfläche, die Brandausbreitung innerhalb des Dachaufbaus, die Durchdringung des Daches durch Feuer (Prüfverfahren 1 und 3) und das Auftreten von brennendem Abtropfen oder brennenden Teilen entweder von der Dachunterseite fallend oder von der beanspruchten Dachoberfläche (Prüfverfahren 1 und 3).
Prüfverfahren 2 und 3 sind nicht zur Beurteilung von geometrisch unregelmäßigen Dächern oder auf Dächern befestigten Anlagen wie Abzüge und Lichtkuppeln geeignet.
ANMERKUNG Die drei oben angeführten Prüfverfahren geben keine Rangfolge an. Jedes Prüfverfahren ist eigenständig, ohne ein anderes zu ersetzen oder auszutauschen.
Méthodes d'essai pour l'exposition des toitures a un feu extérieur
La présente Prénorme européenne spécifie trois méthodes permettant de déterminer les performances des toitures exposées a un feu extérieur. Les trois méthodes d'essai évaluent les performances des toitures dans les conditions suivantes :
essai 1 - avec brandons enflammés ;
essai 2 - avec brandons enflammés et vent ;
essai 3 - avec brandons enflammés, vent et chaleur rayonnante supplémentaire.
Les essais évaluent la propagation du feu sur la surface extérieure de la toiture, la propagation du feu a l'intérieur de la toiture, la pénétration du feu (essais 1 et 3) et la production de flammeches ou de débris enflammés tombant de la face inférieure de la toiture ou de la surface exposée de la toiture (essais 1 et 3).
Les essais 2 et 3 ne sont pas applicables aux toitures a géométrie irréguliere ou aux accessoires montés sur la toiture (par exemple : ouvrants de ventilation et lanterneaux d'éclairage).
NOTE Les trois essais énumérés ci-dessus n'impliquent aucun ordre de classement hiérarchique. Chaque essai existe a part entiere, sans aucune possibilité de remplacement ou d'échange réciproque.
Preskusne metode za izpostavljenost streh požaru z zunanje strani
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ENV 1187:2003
01-januar-2003
1DGRPHãþD
SIST CR 1187:2002
Preskusne metode za izpostavljenost streh požaru z zunanje strani
Test methods for external fire exposure to roofs
Prüfverfahren zur Beanspruchung von Bedachungen durch Feuer von außen
Méthodes d'essai pour l'exposition des toitures a un feu extérieur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ENV 1187:2002
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
91.060.20 Strehe Roofs
SIST ENV 1187:2003 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ENV 1187:2003
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SIST ENV 1187:2003
EUROPEAN PRESTANDARD
ENV 1187
PRÉNORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE VORNORM
May 2002
ICS 13.220.50 Supersedes CR 1187:2001
English version
Test methods for external fire exposure to roofs
Méthodes d'essai pour l'exposition des toitures à un feu Prüfverfahren zur Beanspruchung von Bedachungen durch
extérieur Feuer von außen
This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 5 April 2002 as a prospective standard for provisional application.
The period of validity of this ENV is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the ENV can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this ENV in the same way as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly
at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the ENV) until the final
decision about the possible conversion of the ENV into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. ENV 1187:2002 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST ENV 1187:2003
ENV 1187:2002 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions.6
4 Test 1: Method with burning brands.8
4.1 Test equipment .8
4.1.1 Basket .8
4.1.2 Wood wool.8
4.1.3 Balance .8
4.1.4 Timing device .8
4.2 Calibration .8
4.3 Test conditions (roof pitch) .8
4.4 Test specimen .9
4.4.1 General.9
4.4.2 Selection of standard supporting decks .9
4.4.3 Positioning of joints .10
4.4.4 Edge detailing.10
4.5 Conditioning.11
4.5.1 Wood wool.11
4.5.2 Test specimen .11
4.6 Test environment .11
4.7 Test procedure .11
4.7.1 Protection of the edges .11
4.7.2 Filling the basket.11
4.7.3 Positioning of the brand.11
4.7.4 Start of the test.12
4.7.5 End of the test .12
4.8 Observations and measurement .12
4.8.1 General.12
4.8.2 External fire spread .13
4.8.3 Fire penetration and openings .13
4.8.4 Damage .13
4.9 Test report .13
4.10 Direct field of application of test results .15
4.10.1 Roof pitch .15
4.10.2 Nature of the deck.15
5 Test 2 : Method with burning brands and wind .16
5.1 Test equipment .16
5.1.1 Air channels equipped with fans and dampers .16
5.1.2 Crib ignition stand .16
5.1.3 Wood crib.16
5.1.4 Oven .16
5.1.5 Desiccator.16
5.1.6 Balance .16
5.1.7 Timing device .16
5.1.8 Air velocity measuring devices .16
5.1.9 Flow meter .17
5.2 Calibration .17
5.2.1 Air velocity.17
5.2.2 Propane supply .18
5.2.3 Mechanical alignment.18
5.3 Test conditions .18
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5.4 Test specimen.18
5.4.1 Sampling.18
5.4.2 Preparation of test specimens .18
5.5 Conditioning.19
5.5.1 Crib .19
5.5.2 Test specimen.19
5.6 Test environment.19
5.7 Test procedure.19
5.8 Observations and measurements.20
5.9 Test report .21
5.10 Direct field of application of test results .21
6 Test 3 : Method with burning brands, wind and supplementary radiant heat.22
6.1 Test equipment .22
6.1.1 Brands .22
6.1.2 Wind .22
6.1.3 Radiant panel .23
6.1.4 Timing device.23
6.1.5 Calibration element.23
6.1.6 Specimen holder.23
6.2 Calibration .23
6.2.1 General.23
6.2.2 Specimen holder.23
6.2.3 Wind .24
6.2.4 Radiant level.24
6.3 Test conditions .24
6.4 Test specimen.24
6.4.1 General.24
6.4.2 Selection of standard supporting decks .24
6.4.3 Positioning of joints .25
6.4.4 Edge detailing .25
6.4.5 Protection of the edges.25
6.5 Conditioning.25
6.6 Test environment.26
6.7 Test procedure.26
6.7.1 Preparation of brands.26
6.7.2 Start of the test.26
6.7.3 Positioning of the brands .26
6.7.4 End of the test.26
6.7.5 Post test examination.26
6.8 Observations and measurements.27
6.8.1 General.27
6.8.2 External fire spread .27
6.8.3 Fire penetration and openings .27
6.8.4 Damage .27
6.9 Test report .27
6.10 Direct field of application of test results .29
6.10.1 Roof pitch .29
6.10.2 Nature of the deck.29
Bibliography .43
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SIST ENV 1187:2003
ENV 1187:2002 (E)
Foreword
This document ENV 1187:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 "Fire safety in buildings",
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document supersedes CR 1187:2001.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this European Prestandard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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SIST ENV 1187:2003
ENV 1187:2002 (E)
Introduction
The first mandate given to CEN/TC 127 on fire resistance testing in support of the Construction Products Directive
required two test methods for external fire exposure to roofs. One test method was to include the effect of a burning
brand, the other was to include the effect of a burning brand together with wind and supplementary radiant heat.
These two draft methods were circulated for the CEN 6 month enquiry, but many countries did not support the two
and several countries requested that only one method should be prepared by CEN.
The topic was referred to the EC Fire Regulators’ Group. Discussions took place in both the Fire Regulators’ Group
and the Standing Committee on Construction, and in April 1997 CEN/TC 127 was requested to produce a standard
incorporating the two existing draft methods and the Nordtest method.
The Standing Committee accepted this as a short-term solution and strongly expressed the view that a truly
harmonised test procedure should be developed in the long term i.e. a single test procedure for this characteristic.
Caution
The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out these tests is drawn to the fact that fire
testing can be hazardous and that there is a possibility that toxic and/or harmful smoke and gases can be evolved
during the test.
An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health should be made and safety precautions should be
identified and provided. Written safety instructions should be issued. Appropriate training should be given to all
relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel should ensure that they follow written safety instructions at all times.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies three methods for determining the performance of roofs to external fire
exposure. The three methods assess the performance of roofs under the following conditions:
test 1 - with burning brands
test 2 - with burning brands and wind
test 3 - with burning brands, wind and supplementary radiant heat.
The tests assess the fire spread across the external surface of the roof, the fire spread within the roof, the fire
penetration (tests 1 and 3) and the production of flaming droplets or debris falling from the underside of the roof or
from the exposed surface (tests 1 and 3).
Tests 2 and 3 are not applicable to geometrically irregular roofs or roof mounted appliances e.g. ventilators and
roof lights.
NOTE The three tests listed above do not imply any ranking order. Each test stands on its own without the possibility to
substitute or exchange one for another.
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ENV 1187:2002 (E)
2 Normative references
This European Prestandard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Prestandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN ISO 13943, Fire safety – Vocabulary (ISO 13943:1999).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Prestandard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13943, together with the
following, apply.
3.1
roof
covering and sealing systems including any insulating layers or vapour barriers normally provided together with
their supporting elements including attachment (glued, mechanically fastened etc.), and roof lights or other closures
for roof apertures that are intended to provide a weatherproof surface
3.2
material
basic single substance or a uniformly dispersed mixture of substances (e.g. metal, stone, wood, bitumen, concrete,
mineral wool)
3.3
damaged material
material that has been burnt, charred, melted or otherwise visually changed by heat. Discolouration and soot
deposits are not to be regarded as damaged material
3.4
burnt material
material that has been destroyed by combustion or pyrolysis
3.5
composite
combination of materials which is generally recognized in building construction as a discrete entity (e.g. coated or
laminated products such as roofing felts)
3.6
assembly
fabrication of materials and / or composites (e.g. sandwich panels)
3.7
product
material, composite material or assembly about which information is required
3.8
specimen
representative section of the roof/roof covering prepared for the purpose of the test
3.9
continuous deck
element with a continuous supporting function in which the gap between adjacent elements is not greater than
0,5 mm ((5,0 ± 0,5) mm in the case of wooden planks with plain edges)
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3.10
exposed surface
external surface of the specimen which is subject to the heating conditions of the test
3.11
measuring zone
area of the specimen within which measurements are made
3.12
underside
bottom surface of the specimen
3.13
sustained flaming
flames arising from an observed location, which persist for 5 s or longer
3.14
external fire spread
progression and extent of sustained flaming across the exposed surface of the specimen
3.15
fire penetration
appearance on the underside of the specimen of any sustained flaming or glowing due to combustion including the
occurrence of any flaming droplets falling from the underside. Charring and/or discolouration are not to be regarded
as fire penetration
3.16
opening
2
appearance during the test of any hole greater than 25 mm in area or any crack greater than 2 mm wide, which
penetrates completely through the specimen and which would allow burning material to fall through the roof
3.17
internal damage
extent of damaged material in each layer inside the specimen, measured from the edges of the projection of the
ignition source in the upwards and downwards directions with respect to the pitch of the roof
3.18
fire spread within the roof (internal fire spread)
maximum burnt length measured from the upper edge of the projection of the ignition source in the upward
direction and from the lower edge in the downward direction of each layer for sloped roofs, and in any direction for
horizontal roofs (see 4.8.1)
3.19
flaming droplets or debris
burning material falling from the specimen that continues to burn on the floor for at least 5 s
3.20
joint
any kind of connection or link within a layer in the roof, such as overlap or seams
3.21
roof covering
uppermost layer of a roof. This layer can comprise single layer or multiple layer coverings
3.22
damaged length
the length of damaged material of the roof covering and the substrate respectively, expressed in mm as measured
from the centre of the wood crib position (for test 2).
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3.23
substrate
product which is used immediately beneath the roof covering, about which information is required (for test 2)
3.24
roof pitch
inclination of the roof surface to the horizontal
3.25
non-combustible product
a product which is a reaction to fire Euroclass A1 or A2 homogenous product
3.26
combustible product
product not satisfying the definition of non-combustible product
4 Test 1: Method with burning brands
4.1 Test equipment
4.1.1 Basket
A basket as shown in Figure 1 shall be used. The basket shall be made from 3 mm diameter mild steel wire forming
a mesh of approximately 50 mm · 50 mm. The basket shall be open at the top and bottom and have four projecting
feet 10 mm long, one at each corner. The outer dimensions of the basket shall be 300 mm · 300 mm · 200 mm
deep. The mass of the basket shall be (650 ± 50) g.
4.1.2 Wood wool
Wood wool shall consist of fibres approximately 2 mm wide · 0,2 mm to 0,3 mm thick and be manufactured from
softwood e.g. spruce, pine or fir.
4.1.3 Balance
The balance is used to weigh the wood wool. It shall have a nominal capacity of at least 2 kg and an accuracy of
± 1 g.
4.1.4 Timing device
A timing device with an accuracy of ± 5 s over 24 h shall be used.
4.2 Calibration
Each new batch of wood wool shall be checked by carrying out a control test as follows: A sample of calcium
silicate board as described in 4.4.2.2 c), measuring 1 m · 1 m shall be supported horizontally at a height of about
1 m above the floor. A basket filled with conditioned wood wool as described in 4.5.1 and 4.7.2 shall be placed at
the centre of the board and ignited as described in 4.7.4. The burning time shall be measured from the
commencement of ignition until the final flame extinguishes.
Three separate tests shall be carried out. The calcium silicate board used shall be cooled down between the tests.
If the range of the burning times recorded is greater than 2 min, a further three tests shall be conducted. The mean
burning time for all performed tests shall be calculated and shall lie within the range of 4 min to 5 min.
4.3 Test conditions (roof pitch)
Roofs intended to be installed with pitches up to 20° in practice shall be tested at a pitch of 15°. Roofs intended to
be installed with pitches greater than 20° shall be tested at a pitch of 45°.
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In special cases (e.g. where proof for a specific type of roof is to be provided), by way of departure from the
specifications regarding roof pitches, verification of the resistance of a roof to burning brands may also be carried
out by testing at the actual intended roof pitch. The test results so obtained shall then be valid only for the roof pitch
tested.
4.4 Test specimen
4.4.1 General
Four specimens with minimum dimensions 0,8 m in width · 1,8 m in length shall be prepared under appropriate
supervision by the laboratory for each roof pitch to be tested.
Roof lights shall be tested in the original size, with a waterproofing system attached as in practice.
The specimens shall be representative, in all details of
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