SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006

• Abstract:

  This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) provides specifications for the standardisation of the characteristics of receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) operating as part of a satellite network used for the distribution of data.; These VSATs have the following characteristics:; - operating in the exclusive space-to-earth part of the Ku-band allocated to the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), 12,50 to 12,75 GHz and the shared parts of the Ku-band, allocated to FSS and the Fixed Service (FS), 10,7 to 11,7 GHz;; - designed for unattended operation;; - limited to reception of baseband digital signals;; - equipped with one or several terrestrial output ports;; - antenna diameter not exceeding 3,8 m or equivalent corresponding aperture.; The equipment considered in this ETS comprises both the "outdoor unit", usually composed of the antenna subsystem and associated Low Noise Block (LNB), and the "indoor unit" composed of the remaining part of the communication chain, including the cable between these two units. This ETS does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the installation of the VSATs. Nor is this ETS intended to apply to VSAT network hub stations.; This ETS deals with two types of specification:; a) Essential normative requirements (indicated in Clause 4); Requirements are specified in order to protect other users of the frequency spectrum, both satellite and terrestrial, from unacceptable interference. In addition requirements are specified for the purposes of electrical safety, structural safety and solar radiation protection as well as protection from harmful interference. The test and measurement procedures associated with the normative requirements detailed in Clause 4 of this ETS shall be met in order to qualify compliance with this ETS. ; b) Recommendations (indicated in Clause 5); Recommendations are related to characteristics which contribute to the quality of reception by providing the VSAT with a minimum interference protection from other radio systems. The test and measurement procedures associated with the informative recommendations detailed in Clause 5 of this ETS are given for verification purposes only. The compliance with the recommendation will not be taken as a condition to comply with this ETS.; All tests related to the requirements shall be performed and the results shall be entered in the data sheet of the test report. The ability to comply with the recommendations shall also be noted in the data sheet of the test report.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2006
• ICS: 33.060.30 - Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems
• Technical Committee: SS EIT - Technical Board for the electrotechnical, information technology and telecommunications fields
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Feb-2006
• Due Date: 01-Feb-2006
• Completion Date: 01-Feb-2006
• Mandate: T-144
• Ref Project: ETSI ETS 300 157 ed.1 (1992-11) - Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for data distribution operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands

SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 is the Slovenian version of ETS 300 157 Edition 1 from the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). It specifies receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) used for satellite data distribution in the 11/12 GHz bands, with requirements for safety, radio-frequency behaviour, and interference control. It is meant for manufacturers, test laboratories, and anyone checking whether a VSAT design or test report matches the standard.

What does SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 specify?

SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 specifies the characteristics of receive-only VSATs that operate as part of a satellite network for data distribution. It focuses on terminals designed for unattended operation, limited to reception of baseband digital signals, and fitted with one or more terrestrial output ports.

The scope covers equipment with an antenna diameter not exceeding 3.8 m or an equivalent aperture, and it includes both the outdoor unit and the indoor unit, including the cable between them. The standard does not cover installation requirements, and it is not intended for VSAT network hub stations.

The document is organized into these main clauses and one annex:

Part	What it covers
Clause 1	Scope
Clause 2	Normative references
Clause 3	Definitions and abbreviations
Clause 4	Requirements
Clause 5	Recommendations
Clause 6	Terrestrial interfaces
Clause 7	Control and monitoring
Annex A	Normative test procedure for spurious radiation outside the main beam

Clause 4 contains the mandatory requirements that support compliance. Clause 5 contains recommendations that improve reception quality but are not conditions for compliance. Annex A gives the detailed test procedure used for spurious radiation measurements.

What are the key requirements of SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006?

SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 separates mandatory requirements from recommendations. In practice, that means some clauses must be met to claim compliance, while others are used to show better reception performance or to support manufacturer declarations.

Safety

Clause 4.1 covers safety for the outdoor unit and the complete terminal where relevant. The standard requires the outdoor structure to withstand the loads created by its own weight and by wind, and it gives two ways to verify that - wind tunnel testing or numerical analysis followed by simplified tests. For a manufacturer, this means structural design and test evidence must show that the antenna and its mounting remain intact and stable under the specified wind conditions.

Clause 4.1.2 points to IEC 950 for electrical safety and to IEC 81(Co)6 for lightning bonding. In practice, the equipment has to follow established information-technology safety principles, and it has to provide means for attaching bonding conductors so that lightning and earthing arrangements can be checked on site.

Clause 4.1.3 addresses solar radiation protection. If the antenna can focus sunlight near the feed in a way that could cause burning, the equipment needs a visible warning notice or a statement showing that the surface treatment prevents that situation.

Radio frequency performance

Clause 4.2.1 requires the VSAT to control spurious radiation. The standard uses limits for radiated interference below 960 MHz and off-axis spurious EIRP at higher frequencies, and it applies these limits to the full VSAT assembly, including both units and at least 10 m of interconnecting cable. That matters because emissions from the whole installed terminal, not just the antenna, can affect other satellite and terrestrial services.

Clause 4.2.1 also requires the full system to be tested according to Annex A. The laboratory setup has to represent normal operation, with the indoor unit in a suitable environment and the receive system active. For compliance work, the test report has to show the measured results and the cable type used.

Clause 4.2.2 requires intrinsic electromagnetic immunity up to 2 000 MHz, using the field strengths stated in the standard and the measurement method from IEC 801-3. In practical terms, the terminal must keep receiving a normal signal and maintain at least the lowest acceptable transmission quality declared by the manufacturer while the disturbing field is applied.

Recommendations that support reception quality

Clause 5 gives recommendations for antenna receive gain pattern, receive polarisation discrimination, electromagnetic immunity above 2 000 MHz, and mechanical pointing behaviour. These are useful when comparing designs or when a buyer wants better resistance to interference, even though they are not mandatory for compliance.

The antenna pattern recommendation in Clause 5.1.1 is measured in four planes and at representative frequencies in the two Ku-band operating ranges. This helps assess whether the antenna will disturb terrestrial services or adjacent satellites.

Clause 5.1.2 recommends strong receive polarisation discrimination within the main beam. Clause 5.2 then covers pointing stability, pointing accuracy capability, and polarisation angle alignment capability. For a practical deployment, these recommendations show whether the mount and feed arrangement can be aligned and held accurately enough to reduce interference risks.

The standard also says that all tests related to requirements must be performed and recorded in the test report, and that the ability to meet the recommendations should also be noted.

What terms does SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 define?

• Outdoor unit - The part installed outdoors in line of sight to the satellite, usually made up of the antenna subsystem and the Low Noise Block (LNB).
• Indoor unit - The remaining part of the terminal, generally installed inside a building, including the cable to the outdoor unit.
• Low Noise Block (LNB) - A device that amplifies the received radio-frequency signal with very low added noise and converts it to intermediate frequencies.
• Equipment Under Test (EUT) - The VSAT configuration used for testing, including the specified units and cables.
• Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) - The satellite service band allocation used by the VSAT for space-to-earth reception.
• Fixed Service (FS) - The terrestrial service sharing part of the Ku-band with FSS in the lower operating band.
• Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) - A way to express radiated power in a specific direction, used here for spurious emission limits.

Who uses SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006?

SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 is used by VSAT manufacturers, antenna and terminal designers, and test laboratories that verify radiated emissions, immunity, and mechanical behaviour. It is also used by conformity assessment bodies and quality teams that review test reports and technical files.

Satellite network operators and procurement teams use it to compare equipment claims about receive performance, pointing capability, and interference control. In practice, it helps them decide whether a receive-only terminal is suitable for data distribution in the specified Ku-band environment.

What changed in SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 from the previous edition?

SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 is identical to ETS 300 157 Edition 1.

Which standards are used with SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006?

SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 relies on several external documents for safety, EMC, antenna measurement, and network interconnection:

• IEC 950 - provides the electrical safety framework for information technology equipment.
• IEC 81(Co)6 - provides lightning protection guidance and the bonding conductor dimensions referenced for the outdoor unit.
• CISPR Publication No. 22 - supplies the radiated interference limits used for spurious emissions below 960 MHz.
• CISPR Publication No. 16 - provides radio-interference measuring apparatus and measurement method requirements.
• EN 55011 - supplies the measurement approach used for spurious radiation above 960 MHz.
• IEC 510-2-1 - provides antenna measurement methods used for receive gain pattern and polarisation discrimination.
• IEC 801-3 - provides the radiated electromagnetic field immunity test method.
• CCIR Recommendation 732 - provides guidance on statistical processing of antenna side-lobe peaks.
• Draft prETS 300 193 - covers general requirements for connection of VSAT systems to terrestrial networks.
• Draft prETS 300 194 - covers interconnection to Packet Switched Public Data Networks (PSPDNs).
• Draft ETS DE/SES-3003 - covers interconnection to Circuit Switched Public Data Networks (CSPDNs).
• Draft ETS DE/SES-3007 - covers interconnection to Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN).

What does the SIST ETS 300 157 E1:2006 document contain?

The document contains the scope, definitions, required tests, and the recommended performance checks for receive-only VSATs. Clause 4 and Annex A give the practical test methods, including wind-loading verification, electrical safety references, immunity testing, and the two-stage spurious radiation procedure.

Annex A is especially detailed for laboratory use: it explains the equipment under test, the operating mode signal generation, the test site arrangement, the measurement method below the waveguide cut-off frequency, and the way to identify and then measure spurious emissions. The body of the standard also points to antenna pattern measurements, polarisation discrimination plots, and documentary evidence for pointing and polarisation adjustment capability, which are the parts most often reviewed during design validation and conformity assessment.

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Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals
(VSATs) used for data distribution operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 157 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN ETS 300 157
TELECOMMUNICATION November 1992
STANDARD
Source: ETSI TC-SES Reference: DE/SES-2001
ICS: 33.060.30
VSAT
Key words:
Satellite Earth Stations (SES);
Receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs)
used for data distribution
operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Postal address:
650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Office address:
c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - [e-mail]
X.400: Internet:
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1992. All rights reserved.
New presentation - see History box

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ETS 300 157: November 1992
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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ETS 300 157: November 1992
Contents
Foreword.5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references .8
3 Definitions and abbreviations.9
3.1 Definitions.9
3.2 Abbreviations.9
4 Requirements.10
4.1 Safety.10
4.1.1 Mechanical construction.10
4.1.2 Electrical safety . 12
4.1.2.1 Power voltages . 12
4.1.2.2 Lightning . 12
4.1.3 Solar radiation protection .12
4.2 Radio frequency.13
4.2.1 Spurious radiation.13
4.2.2 Electromagnetic immunity.13
5 Recommendations.14
5.1 Radio frequency.14
5.1.1 Antenna receive gain pattern (co-polar and cross-polar).14
5.1.2 Receive polarisation discrimination.15
5.1.3 Electromagnetic immunity.15
5.2 Mechanical .16
5.2.1 Pointing stability .16
5.2.2 Antenna pointing accuracy capability.16
5.2.3 Polarisation angle alignment capability .16
6 Terrestrial interfaces .17
7 Control and monitoring.17
Annex A (normative): Spurious radiation outside main beam - test procedure .18
A.1 Introduction.18
A.2 Measuring method.18
A.3 Equipment under test.19
A.4 Operating mode signal generation . 19
A.5 Test site and test set-up .19
A.6 Measuring procedures below cut-off frequency.19
History.20

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ETS 300 157: November 1992
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Page 5
ETS 300 157: November 1992
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Satellite Earth Stations
(SES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and, has
undergone the ETSI standards approval procedure in Public Enquiry 20 and Vote 25.
Every ETS prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. This ETS may contain text concerning type approval
of the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make
this ETS mandatory.
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ETS 300 157: November 1992
Blank page
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ETS 300 157: November 1992
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) provides specifications for the standardisation of the
characteristics of receive-only Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs) operating as part of a satellite
network used for the distribution of data.
These VSATs have the following characteristics:
- operating in the exclusive space-to-earth part of the Ku-band allocated to the Fixed Satellite Service
(FSS), 12,50 to 12,75 GHz and the shared parts of the Ku-band, allocated to FSS and the Fixed
Service (FS), 10,7 to 11,7 GHz;
- designed for unattended operation;
- limited to reception of baseband digital signals;
- equipped with one or several terrestrial output ports;
- antenna diameter not exceeding 3,8 m or equivalent corresponding aperture.
The equipment considered in this ETS comprises both the "outdoor unit", usually composed of the antenna
subsystem and associated Low Noise Block (LNB), and the "indoor unit" composed of the remaining part
of the communication chain, including the cable between these two units.
This ETS does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the installation of the
VSATs. Nor is this ETS intended to apply to VSAT network hub stations.
This ETS deals with two types of specification:
a) Essential normative requirements (indicated in Clause 4)
Requirements are specified in order to protect other users of the frequency spectrum, both satellite
and terrestrial, from unacceptable interference. In addition requirements are specified for the
purposes of electrical safety, structural safety and solar radiation protection as well as protection
from harmful interference.
The test and measurement procedures associated with the normative requirements detailed in
Clause 4 of this ETS shall be met in order to qualify compliance with this ETS.
b) Recommendations (indicated in Clause 5)
Recommendations are related to characteristics which contribute to the quality of reception by
providing the VSAT with a minimum interference protection from other radio systems.
The test and measurement procedures associated with the informative recommendations detailed in
Clause 5 of this ETS are given for verification purposes only. The compliance with the
recommendation will not be taken as a condition to comply with this ETS.
All tests related to the requirements shall be performed and the results shall be entered in the data sheet
of the test report. The ability to comply with the recommendations shall also be noted in the data sheet of
the test report.
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ETS 300 157: November 1992
2 Normative references
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) incorporates by dated or undated references,
provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the
text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to, or
revisions of any of these publications apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] IEC 950 (1991): "Safety of information technology equipment including electrical
business equipment".
[2] IEC 81(Co)6 (1981): "Standards for lightning protection of structures".
[3] CISPR publication No.22 (1985): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio
interference characteristics of information technology equipment".
[4] CISPR publication No.16 (1987): "Specification for radio interference measuring
apparatus and measurement method".
[5] EN 55011 (1986): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference
characteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio frequency
equipment".
[6] IEC 510-2-1 (1978): "Part 2: Measurements for sub-systems. Section One -
general, Section Two - Antenna (including feed network)".
[7] IEC 801-3 (1984): "Part 3: Radiated electromagnetic field requirements".
[8] CCIR Recommendation 732 (1990): "Method for statistical processing of Earth
station antenna side-lobe peaks".
[9] Draft prETS 300 193: "Satellite Earth Stations (SES); General requirements for
the connection of Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) systems to terrestrial
networks (DE/SES-3001)".
[10] Draft prETS 300 194: "Satellite Earth Stations (SES); The interconnection of
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) systems to Packet Switched Public Data
Networks (PSPDNs) (DE/SES-3002)".
[11] Draft ETS DE/SES-3003: "Standard for the interconnection of VSAT systems to
CSPDNs".
[12] Draft ETS DE/SES-3007: "Standard for the interconnection of VSAT systems to
ISDN".
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ETS 300 157: November 1992
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purpose of this ETS, the following definitions apply:
Outdoor unit: is the part of the terminal installed in a position within line of sight to the satellite(s) to be
received, and it is intended to be operated in outdoor environmental conditions.
It usually comprises two main parts:
a) the antenna sub-system which converts the incident radiation field into a guided wave;
b) the Low Noise Block (LNB), which is a device that amplifies, with very low internal noise the received
signals in the Radio Frequency (RF) band and converts them to intermediate frequencies.
NOTE: The installation equipment (means of attachment) is not included in this ETS. However,
the antenna structures and other components directly mounted on the antenna and
forming an integral part of it, are subject to the specifications of this ETS.
Indoor unit: is composed of the remaining part of the equipment. It is generally installed inside the
buildings and is connected to the outdoor unit. The connection cable between the outdoor and indoor
belongs to the indoor unit.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purpose of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:
CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data Network
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EUT Equipment Under Test
FS Fixed Service
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
LNB Low Noise Block (low noise amplifier and down converter)
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network
RF Radio Frequency
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal

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ETS 300 157: November 1992
4 Requirements
4.1 Safety
4.1.1 Mechanical construction
Purpose:
Protection of operating personnel, the public and goods from insecure structures.
Specification:
This specification applies to the outdoor unit only.
The outdoor unit, including mounted and structural components, (but excluding the means of attachment)
shall be designed to support the following main loads due to:
- the weight of the antenna and structural components;
- the wind speed.
Loading due to snow and ice is not considered.
At wind speeds up to 180 km/h, referred to standard atmosphere temperature and pressure
[293 K and 1,013 x 10 Pa (1 013 mbar)] none of the components shall have been torn away.
Verification:
Two alternative methods are proposed for verification.
a) Wind tunnel testing.
A wind tunnel is used for the purpose of conformance testing. The wind tunnel tests shall be
performed on the outdoor unit, or alternatively on a scale-model of the outdoor unit. The data
obtained for the scale-model shall be computed in order to obtain data for the true antenna size.
b) Numerical analysis and simplified tests.
This method is to provide an alternative to the wind tunnel test. The effects of maximum wind load
shall be first computed on the overall outdoor unit using a numerical analysis method, e.g. finite
elements method by computer taking into account the intrinsic properties of the materials. In a
second step, the computed loads shall be applied to the structure.
The purpose of the numerical analysis is twofold:
1) to show compliance with the specification under nominated conditions;
2) to compute equivalent static loads (force and torque) applied to the critical attachment points
of the structure, e.g.:
- reflector - mounting legs fixing point;
- reflector - struts;
- struts - LNB.
Page 11
ETS 300 157: November 1992
Test procedure:
a) Wind tunnel.
The test object shall be mounted in such a way, that wind load can be applied from all horizontal
directions in steps of 45°. The tests shall be carried out with the elevation angle of the antenna at its
minimum and at its maximum in turn. The wind load shall be increased gradually in steps up to
180 km/h, each step lasting approximately one minute.
The tests may be performed at any atmosphere, temperature and air pressure. If the atmospheric
conditions differ from standard conditions (temperature = 293 K,
air pressure = 1,013 x 10 Pa), then the test velocity shall be determined according to the formula:
VV=×((1,013 10 ) /P )× (T / 293)
TS T T
where: V = wind velocity in test
T
V = wind velocity in standard conditions
S
P = air pressure in test, (Pa)
T
T = temperature in test, (K)
T
During the load conditions the test object shall be observed and the distortions recorded.
The test report shall contain:
- description of the test equipment;
- description of the tests performed;
- results of the measurements, or calculations on the mechanical loads transmitted
from the outdoor unit to the attachment devices.
For the pointing stability (see subclause 5.2.1):
- results of the measurements of the deviation of the antenna position, and
components with respect to each other.
b) Numerical analysis and tests.
The computations needed to derive the field of forces and torque and
...