SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008
(Main)Safety of unshielded tunnel boring machines and rodless shaft boring machines for rock - Safety requirements
Safety of unshielded tunnel boring machines and rodless shaft boring machines for rock - Safety requirements
1.1 Field of application
This standard is applicable to unshieldsed tunnel boring machines, TBM's, and rodless shaft boring machines, SBM's, and their towed or attached back-up equipment for driving tunnels or shafts in rock where the whole area is excavated in one or more steps by mechanical means. It specifies essential safety requirements for the design, construction and maintenance of such machines when used in non-explosive atmosphere together with the methods of verification. The standard specifies monitoring for hazardous atmosphere.
For TBM's and SBM's which are to be used continuously in explosive atmosphere, additional relevant standards also apply.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards pertinent to unshielded tunnel boring machines and rodless shaft boring machines for rock, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards.
1.2 Description of the machines
The general term "unshielded tunnel boring machines" encompasses various kinds of machines for mechanical excavation of underground openings such as tunnels and inclined shafts. This is done in a continuous process, without blasting, using a rotating cutter head.
Depending on the hardness of the material being excavated, tools of different types are used to cut the rock. Normally, rolling discs are employed in medium to very hard rock. All tunnel boring machines, TBM's, and rodless shaft boring machines, SBM's, have the tools mounted on a cutter head which rotates under thrust against the rock. The torque required to rotate the cutter head is developed by electric or hydraulic motors and the thrust is normally delivered by hydraulically powered cylinders.
The torque and thrust reactions created by a TBM or SBM have to be resisted by anchoring the complete machine inside the bore itself by means
Sicherheit von Tunnelbohrmaschinen ohne Schild und gestängelosen Schachtbohrmaschinen zum Einsatz in Fels - Sicherheitsanforderungen
1.1 Anwendungsbereich
Diese Norm gilt für Tunnelbohrmaschinen ohne Schild, TBM genannt, gestängelose Schachtbohrmaschinen, SBM genannt, und deren gezogene oder mit ihnen verbundene Nachläufer, zum Vortrieb von Tunneln oder Schächten in Fels, bei denen der gesamte Querschnitt in einem oder mehreren Schritten mechanisch abgebaut wird. Die Norm spezifiziert notwendige Sicherheitsanforderungen in Bezug auf Konstruktion, Fertigung und Wartung solcher Maschinen, wenn sie in nicht explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen eingesetzt werden, zusammen mit den Methoden der Verifizierung. Die Norm spezifiziert die Überwachung gefährlicher Atmosphären.
Für TBM und SBM, die kontinuierlich in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen eingesetzt werden sollen, gelten entsprechende Normen zusätzlich.
Diese Europäische Norm behandelt alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, die auf Tunnelbohrmaschinen ohne Schild und gestängelose Schachtbohrmaschinen zum Einsatz in Fels zutreffen, wenn sie bestimmungsgemäß und entsprechend den Empfehlungen des Herstellers verwendet werden (siehe Abschnitt 4). Diese Euro-päische Norm spezifiziert die entsprechenden technischen Maßnahmen zur Eliminierung oder Reduzierung der Risiken, die von den signifikanten Gefährdungen ausgehen.
1.2 Beschreibung der Maschinen
Der allgemeine Begriff „Tunnelbohrmaschinen ohne Schild“ umfasst unterschiedliche Arten von Maschinen für mechanisches Auffahren unterirdischer Hohlräume, wie z. B. Tunnel oder Schrägschächte. Dies wird in einem praktisch kontinuierlichen Vorgang ohne Sprengarbeit erreicht durch Verwendung eines rotierenden Bohr-kopfes.
Abhängig von der Härte des abzutragenden Gesteins werden unterschiedliche Werkzeuge verwendet um das Gestein zu schneiden. Normalerweise werden in mittelhartem bis sehr hartem Gestein Schneidrollen verwendet. (....)
Sécurité de tunneliers sans bouclier et des machines foreuses pour puits sans tige de traction - Exigences de sécurité
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux tunneliers sans bouclier (TBM), aux machines foreuses pour puits sans tige de traction (SBM) et aux trains suiveurs remorqués ou attelés ou à leurs composants, pour creuser dans le rocher des tunnels ou des puits dont la pleine section est excavée en une ou plusieurs phases par des moyens mécaniques. Elle précise les prescriptions essentielles de sécurité pour la conception, la construction et la maintenance de telles machines lorsqu'elles ne sont pas utilisées en atmosphère explosible, en même temps que les méthodes de vérification. La norme spécifie la surveillance des atmosphères dangereuses.
Pour les TBM et SBM utilisés en permanence en atmosphère explosible, les normes pertinentes s'appliquent complémentairement.
La présente Norme européenne traite tous les phénomènes dangereux significatifs relatifs aux tunneliers sans bouclier et aux machines foreuses pour puits sans tige de traction, lorsqu’elles sont utilisées normalement et dans les conditions prévues par le constructeur (voir Article 4). Cette Norme européenne spécifie les mesures techniques appropriées pour éliminer ou réduire les risques dus aux phénomènes dangereux significatifs.
Varnost strojev za vrtanje predorov (TBM) in jaškov (SBM) v kamnini - Varnostne zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008
01-december-2008
Varnost strojev za vrtanje predorov (TBM) in jaškov (SBM) v kamnini - Varnostne
zahteve
Safety of unshielded tunnel boring machines and rodless shaft boring machines for rock -
Safety requirements
Sicherheit von Tunnelbohrmaschinen ohne Schild und gestängelosen
Schachtbohrmaschinen zum Einsatz in Fels - Sicherheitsanforderungen
Sécurité de tunneliers sans bouclier et des machines foreuses pour puits sans tige de
traction - Exigences de sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 815:1996+A2:2008
ICS:
91.220 Gradbena oprema Construction equipment
93.060 Gradnja predorov Tunnel construction
SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008
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SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 815:1996+A2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2008
ICS 91.220; 93.060 Supersedes EN 815:1996
English Version
Safety of unshielded tunnel boring machines and rodless shaft
boring machines for rock - Safety requirements
Sécurité de tunneliers sans boucliers et des machines Sicherheit von Tunnelbohrmaschinen ohne Schild und
foreuses pour puits sans tige de traction - Exigences de gestängelosen Schachtbohrmaschinen zum Einsatz in Fels
sécurité - Sicherheitsanforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 August 1996 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 22 December 2004
and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 9 July 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 815:1996+A2:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008
EN 815:1996+A2:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.5
Introduction .6
1 Scope .6
1.1 Field of application .6
1.2 Description of the machines.6
1.3 Hazards .7
1.4 This European Standard applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of
approval of this European Standard. .7
2 Normative references .7
3 Definitions .8
4 List of significant hazards .10
4.1 Mechanical hazards.10
4.2 Electrical hazards .10
4.3 Thermal hazards .10
4.4 Hazards generated by noise .10
4.5 Hazards generated by vibrations .10
4.6 Hazards generated by laser .10
4.7 Hazards generated by materials and substances .10
4.8 Hazards generated by neglect of ergonomic principles.10
4.9 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply .10
4.10 Hazards caused by missing and/or incorrectly positioned safety related measures .11
5 Safety requirements and/or provisions.11
5.1 General safety requirements .11
5.1.1 Contact surfaces.11
5.1.1.1 Hazards due to sharp and rough parts .11
5.1.1.2 Hazards due to hot surfaces .11
5.1.2 Hoses and pipes under pressure.11
5.2 Cutter head .12
5.3 Handling of heavy loads .12
5.3.1 Transport and lifting.12
5.3.2 Handling of machine parts.13
5.3.3 Handling of elements for rock support.13
5.4 Gripping and regripping.13
5.5 Access to and egress from operating positions and servicing points.13
5.5.1 General.13
5.5.2 Walkways.14
5.5.3 Access openings .15
5.6 Protection against falling objects and flood.15
5.6.1 Falling objects.15
5.6.2 Flood .16
5.7 Control points .16
5.7.1 Ergonomics .16
5.7.2 Visibility .16
5.7.3 Cab .16
5.8 Guards and protective devices .17
5.8.1 General.17
5.8.2 Specification of guards .17
5.8.3 Access to cutter head .17
5.8.4 Conveyor .17
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5.9 Control systems and devices.17
5.9.1 General .17
5.9.2 Control systems .17
5.9.3 Control devices.18
5.9.4 Starting, warning systems, stopping and emergency stopping.19
5.9.4.1 Starting.19
5.9.4.2 Warning systems .19
5.9.4.3 Stopping.20
5.9.4.4 Emergency stopping .20
5.9.5 Failure of the power supply.21
5.10 Towing connection.21
5.11 Laser guidance .21
5.12 Ventilation, control of dust and gas .22
5.12.1 General .22
5.12.2 Dust suppression .22
5.12.3 Dedusting .22
5.12.4 Atmospheric changes.22
5.12.4.1 General.22
5.12.4.2 Methane monitoring.22
5.12.4.3 Monitoring for other gases .23
5.13 Noise.23
5.14 Electrical equipment .23
5.14.1 General .23
5.14.2 Protective measures .24
5.14.3 Cables and leads .24
5.14.4 Transformers .24
5.14.5 Bonding .24
5.14.6 Switch gear .24
5.14.7 Lighting.25
5.14.8 Emergency lighting .25
5.15 Isolation of power supply .25
5.16 Energy supply other than electricity .25
5.17 !Fire protection".26
5.17.1 Fire extinguishing system .26
5.17.2 Fixed fire extinguishing systems.26
5.17.3 Installation of portable fire extinguishers.27
5.17.4 Water sprays .27
5.18 Storage of safety equipment for personnel.27
5.19 Indicators.27
5.19.1 Marking.27
5.19.2 Warning signs.28
5.19.3 Warning devices .28
5.19.4 Symbols.28
5.20 Maintenance.28
6 Verification of safety measures and/or provisions.28
7 Information for use.29
7.1 General .29
7.2 Instruction handbooks.29
7.2.1 General .29
7.2.2 Identification of handbooks.29
7.2.3 Content of operator's handbook.30
7.2.4 Content of maintenance handbook .31
7.2.5 Spare parts list.32
Annex A (normative) Protective measures for electrical accessories and lighting.33
Annex B (informative) Bibliography.34
Annex C (informative) Figures.35
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EN 815:1996+A2:2008 (E)
Annex ZA (informative) #Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC$.39
Annex ZB (informative) #Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC$.40
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SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008
EN 815:1996+A2:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 815:1996+A2:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151
“Construction equipment and building material machines - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by December 2009.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2004-12-22 and Amendment 2, approved by
CEN on 2008-07-09.
This document supersedes EN 815:1996.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! " and
# $.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
#For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document.$
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008
EN 815:1996+A2:2008 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is a Type C-standard as defined in EN 292-1:1991.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this
standard.
1 Scope
1.1 Field of application
This standard is applicable to unshieldsed tunnel boring machines, TBM's, and rodless shaft boring machines,
SBM's, and their towed or attached back-up equipment for driving tunnels or shafts in rock where the whole
area is excavated in one or more steps by mechanical means. It specifies essential safety requirements for
the design, construction and maintenance of such machines when used in non-explosive atmosphere together
with the methods of verification. The standard specifies monitoring for hazardous atmosphere.
For TBM's and SBM's which are to be used continuously in explosive atmosphere, additional relevant
standards also apply.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards pertinent to unshielded tunnel boring machines and
rodless shaft boring machines for rock, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by
the manufacturer (see clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to
eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards.
1.2 Description of the machines
The general term "unshielded tunnel boring machines" encompasses various kinds of machines for
mechanical excavation of underground openings such as tunnels and inclined shafts. This is done in a
continuous process, without blasting, using a rotating cutter head.
Depending on the hardness of the material being excavated, tools of different types are used to cut the rock.
Normally, rolling discs are employed in medium to very hard rock. All tunnel boring machines, TBM's, and
rodless shaft boring machines, SBM's, have the tools mounted on a cutter head which rotates under thrust
against the rock. The torque required to rotate the cutter head is developed by electric or hydraulic motors and
the thrust is normally delivered by hydraulically powered cylinders.
The torque and thrust reactions created by a TBM or SBM have to be resisted by anchoring the complete
machine inside the bore itself by means of a gripping system which is reset after each boring stroke and
allows the machine to be steered in the desired direction.
TBM's normally operate in a near to horizontal direction but can also be used to drive inclined tunnels. When
the incline becomes too steep, a second anchoring system will be provided to prevent the machine from
sliding down while the primary grippers are reset.
In most cases TBM's work the full face of the tunnel. However, in some cases the tunnel is driven in two or
more phases, by starting with a pilot hole which is enlarged in one or more steps. This method is called
reaming. The machines used are in principle the same as a TBM driving the whole tunnel area in one step.
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SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008
EN 815:1996+A2:2008 (E)
SBM's resemble closely TBM's but operate in vertical direction. The shaft is in many cases sunk in a
multistage operation, that is (i.e.), first a pilot hole is bored using a raise bore machine and the pilot hole is
reamed by using the SBM. Normally for this method, the shaft bottom is already undercut to provide adequate
room for the muck and its removal. The full face of the shaft can also be bored in one step. In this case the
muck is transported to the top of the shaft.
TBM's and SBM's intended for work in unstable rock are provided with equipment for the erection and
handling of rock reinforcement and/or lining.
The specified requirements of this standard conform to the European Standards EN 292-1 and EN 292-2.
1.3 Hazards
This standard deals with all identified significant hazards caused by TBM's and SBM's, when they are used
under the conditions stated by the manufacturer in the operator's handbook.
NOTE When TBM's and SBM's are to be used in explosive atmospheres the additional relevant standards apply.
1.4 This European Standard applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of
approval of this European Standard.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 3:1975, Portable fire extinguishers.
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology.
EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2:
Technical principles and specifications.
EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects - Principles for design.
prEN 547-1:1994, Safety of machinery – Human body measurements – Part 1: Principles for determining the
dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery.
prEN 547-2:1994, Safety of machinery – Human body measurements – Part 2: Principles for determining the
dimensions required for access openings.
EN 563:1994, Safety of machinery - Temperatures of touchable surfaces – Ergonomics data to establish
temperature limit values for hot surfaces.
prEN 894-1:1992, Safety of machinery – Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators – Part 1: Human interactions with displays and control actuators.
prEN 894-2:1992, Safety of machinery – Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators – Part 2: Displays.
prEN 894-3:1993, Safety of machinery – Ergonomic requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators – Part 3: Control actuators.
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SIST EN 815:2000+A2:2008
EN 815:1996+A2:2008 (E)
prEN 953:1992, Safety of machinery – General requirements for the design and construction of guards (fixed,
moveable).
EN 954-1, Safety of machinery - Safety related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design.
EN 981:1995, Safety of machinery – System of danger and non-danger signals with sound and light.
EN 982:1996, Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components - Hydraulics
EN 983:1996, Safety requirements for fluid power systems and components - Pneumatics
ENV 1070:1993, Safety of machinery – Terminology.
EN 23411:1988, Earth-moving machinery – Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator
space envelope.
EN 50014:1992, Electric apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres – General requirements.
EN 61310-1:1995, Safety of machinery – Indicating, marking and actuating principles – Part 1: Visual, audible
and tactile signals.
EN 61310-2:1995, Safety of machinery – Indicating, marking and actuating principles – Part 2: Marking.
EN 60204:1993, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General requirements.
EN 60439-1:1993, Low voltage switch gear and control gear assemblies – Part 1: Requirements for type-
tested and partially type-tested assemblies.
EN 60529:1991, Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures.
EN 60825:1994, Laser – Radiation safety of laser products, equipment classification, requirements and user's
guide.
EN 60947-1:1991, Low voltage switch gear and control gear – Part 1: General rules.
EN ISO 3457:1995, Earth-moving machinery – Guards and shields – Definitions and specifications.
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry – Determination of burning
behaviour of interior materials.
ISO 3864:1984, Safety colours and safety signs.
EN ISO 11202:1996, Acoustics – Noise emitted by machinery and equipment – Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at the work-station and at other specified positions – Survey method in situ.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard the definitions stated in ENV 1070:1993 apply.
3.1
unshielded tunnel boring machine, TBM
machine for full face mechanical excavation of underground openings such as tunnels and inclined shafts
using a rotating cutter head. The machine has no shield for tunnel support but can have a shield for the
protection of the cutter head. See figure C.2.
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