SIST-TS CEN/TS 15117:2006
(Main)Guidance on direct and extended application
Guidance on direct and extended application
This Technical Specification gives guidance for the direct and extended application instructions, in order to fulfil the instructions from the EU Commission to evaluate the reaction to fire performance of products as placed on the market and of its end-use application(s), where relevant.
Leitfaden zum direkten und erweiterten Anwendungsbereich zum Brandverhalten von Bauprodukten
Dieses Dokument gibt Hinweise für die Vorgehensweise bei Erstellung einer Anleitung zum direkten und
erweiterten Anwendungsbereich, um die Vorgaben der EU Kommission umzusetzen, in den Verkehr
gebrachte Bauprodukte auf ihr Brandverhalten hin zu beurteilen, sofern zutreffend unter Berücksichtigung
ihrer Endanwendung.
Guide des applications directes et étendues
La présente Spécification technique constitue un guide pour l'établissement des regles d'application directe et étendue permettant de suivre les instructions de la Commission européenne pour évaluer la performance de réaction au feu des produits mis sur le marché et de leurs utilisations finales, le cas échéant.
Navodilo za neposredno in razširjeno uporabo
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15117:2006
01-januar-2006
Navodilo za neposredno in razširjeno uporabo
Guidance on direct and extended application
Leitfaden zum direkten und erweiterten Anwendungsbereich zum Brandverhalten von
Bauprodukten
Guide des applications directes et étendues
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15117:2005
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15117:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 15117:2006
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15117
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
August 2005
ICS 13.220.50
English Version
Guidance on direct and extended application
Guide pour l'établissement des applications directes et des Leitfaden zum direkten und erweiterten
applications étendues Anwendungsbereich zum Brandverhalten von
Bauprodukten
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 3 April 2005 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15117:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents
Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions.4
4 Product and end-use application parameters.5
5 Direct application.6
6 Extended application .7
Annex A (normative) Influence of product and end-use parameters on reaction to fire test
performance .9
Annex B (informative) Direct application.14
Annex C (informative) Example of extended application by additional tests on several
parameters.22
Bibliography.28
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Foreword
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS 15117:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127
“Fire safety in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
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1 Scope
This Technical Specification gives guidance for the direct and extended application instructions, in order to
fulfil the instructions from the EU Commission to evaluate the reaction to fire performance of products as
placed on the market and of its end-use application(s), where relevant.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products – Conditioning procedures and general rules for
selection of substrates.
EN 13501(all parts), Fire classification of construction products and building elements.
EN 13823, Reaction to fire tests for building products – Building products excluding floorings exposed to the
thermal attack by a single burning item.
EN ISO 1182, Reaction to fire tests for building products – Non-combustibility test (ISO 1182:2002).
EN ISO 1716, Reaction to fire tests for building products – Determination of the heat of combustion (ISO
1716:2002).
EN ISO 9239-1, Reaction to fire tests for floorings – Part 1: Determination of the burning behaviour using a
radiant heat source (ISO 9239-1:2002).
EN ISO 11925-2, Reaction to fire tests - Ignitability of building products subjected to direct impingement of
flame - Part 2: Single-flame source test (ISO 11925-2:2002).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
test result
outcome of a testing process and its associated procedures detailed within a specific test standard (which
may include some processing of the results from the testing of a number of specimens). A test result is
expressed in terms of one or more fire performance parameter(s)
3.2
direct field of application of test results
outcome of a process (involving the application of defined rules) whereby a test result is deemed to be equally
valid for variations in one or more of the product properties and/or intended end use applications
3.3
extended field of application of test results
outcome of a process (involving the application of defined rules that may incorporate calculation procedures)
that predicts, for a variation of a product property and/or its intended end use application(s), a test result on
the basis of one or more test results to the same test standard
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3.4
classification
process defined in the Parts of EN 13501, whereby the fire performance parameters obtained from the results
of one test, or a set of tests, or from a process of extended application, are compared with limiting values for
those parameters that are set as criteria for achieving a certain classification. The relevant classes and related
criteria for fire resistance, for reaction to fire and for external fire exposure to roofs, are specified in
Commission Decisions (2000/367/EC, 2000/147/EC and 2001/671/EC respectively)
3.5
product
material, element or component, about which information is required (EN 13501-1). Refers to a construction
product, as defined by the Construction Products Directive (CPD), from an individual producer (i.e. the item to
which the CE marking applies) (EC Guidance Paper G)
3.6
product group
range of products within defined limits of variability (defined by the manufacturer or a technical specification)
of the product parameters and, if relevant, end-use parameters, for which the reaction to fire performance
remains unchanged (does not get worse)
3.7
product parameter
aspect of a product (for example thickness, composition, density) which may vary and which may or may not
have an influence on the product’s fire performance
3.8
end use application
real application of a product, in relation to all aspects that influence the behaviour of that product under
different fire situations. It covers aspects such as its quantity, its orientation, its position in relation to other
adjacent products and its method of fixing (EN 13501-1)
3.9
end-use application parameter
aspect of the mounting and fixing arrangement of a product reflecting/simulating its end use application (for
example type of substrate, fixing method, position and type of joints) which may or may not affect the fire
performance
4 Product and end-use application parameters
Table 1 gives examples of product parameters and end-use application parameters which may have to be
taken into account in developing direct and extended application rules. If other parameters are found to be
relevant for a given product, then these too should be considered.
The technical specification of the manufacturers has to define the end-use application parameters for the
particular product (group) which could influence the results of the reaction to fire tests in the fire tests.
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Table 1 – Examples for product and end-use applications parameters (non-exhaustive list)
Product parameters End-use application parameters
Thickness Substrate or underlying construction
Density (or related parameter, e.g. Mounting method (e.g. directly onto substrate,
mass/square metre) onto wooden framework)
Colour Fixing method (e.g. adhesive, spacing and
type of fixings (screws, nails, etc.))
Surface coating/facing Type and position of joints
Composition of the product Presence of air gaps
Geometry and structure, product shape, Product orientation and geometry
number and composition of layers, …
Exposure to thermal attack
5 Direct application
5.1 General principles for direct application
This clause gives the principles of, and rules for, the development of direct application of tests results leading
to fire classification. It also lists the product parameters and end-use application parameters which need to be
taken into account. Parameters will need to be examined one by one depending on the product, and the limits
chosen to ensure that the basic principle, that the reaction to fire performance remains unchanged, holds.
Two possibilities exist for the development and implementation of direct application rules. The first is where
the rules are developed by, for example, a CEN product TC (or EOTA WG) in collaboration with CEN TC127
and then these rules are written into a harmonised technical specification. These rules/limits are then
applicable to all users of the technical specification. The second is where an individual manufacturer, in the
absence of written rules/limits in the technical specification, develops his own rules/limits for his particular
product or product group. These rules/limits then apply only to that manufacturer. In this case, however, the
manufacturer shall follow the guidelines given in this document.
In developing direct application rules, the concept of ‘lowest’ performance is important. This means that any
change to the product or end use application parameters which goes in the direction of improving the fire
performance can be relatively easily applied. Changes which go in the direction of lowering the fire
performance have to be treated with care, so as to ensure that there is no lowering of the product’s fire
performance sufficient to lead to a lowering of (additional) class or classification. Each fire performance
parameter shall be considered independently.
Direct application rules may apply to an individual product, or a product group, each in their end use
application(s).
While there are commercial and technical advantages in trying to develop direct application limits for all
products covered by a given harmonised technical specification, there is no specific requirement to do so. Nor
is there any specific requirement to define limits for all parameters of the product and its end use applications
parameters which have an effect on fire performance. Where parameters are not given in a harmonised
product specification, then manufacturers have to develop their own specific rules/ limits.
Annex A gives a more detailed presentation of possible effect of changes in product parameters on
classification, and B.1 gives examples of some direct application rules.
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6 Extended application
6.1 General principles for extended application
Two options to establish rules for extended application are possible:
by use of additional tests results which, together with the initial test result, enables consideration of a
larger range of one or several product and end-use application parameters,
by use of tests results and additional calculations relating the product and end-use application parameters
to the fire performance.
6.2 Extended application by additional tests
6.2.1 Additional tests on one product/end-use application parameter
It is assumed that only one product/end-use application parameter changes and the other parameters remain
constant and that there is an initial test result on one value of the product/end-use application parameter.
If the relationship between the fire performance and the product/end-use application parameter is unknown,
the tests will be carried out on several variants of the parameter to assess the complete range of the
product/end-use application parameter on which the extended application is required and to know this
relationship. From this relationship it will be possible to predict the different levels of fire performance as a
function of the levels of the product/end-use application parameter and therefore the level of classification.
If for a product or a product group there is an established rule about the relationship between the product/end-
use parameter and the fire performance (direct application), it will be possible to optimise the additional tests,
as a function of the classification result which is expected, as follows:
If a fire performance parameter is known to change with the change of a product/end-use application
parameter(s) in a known direction, the test can be carried out on the parameter, the variation of which is
known to give the lowest (worst) classification for this product and/or its end use-application.
If it is known that the fire performance changes with a change of the product/end-use application
parameter but the relationship is not known, the number of additional tests shall be sufficient to define the
relationship (sufficient means that the relationship is fully defined over the intended range of parameter
variation). For most relationships this will require at least two additional test results.
When a relationship has been established, it may be used to establish the value of the fire performance
parameters used to determine the classification of any product or product group covered by this relationship.
B.2 gives examples of this procedure.
6.2.2 Additional tests on several product/end-use application parameters
When more than one product or end-use application parameter is to change, and if the types of relationship
are not known, it will be necessary to assess the tests needed according to an experimental plan or an
empirical approach, examples of which are given in C.1 and C.2.
Then a more detailed series of tests should be performed to determine the relationship between these
parameters and the fire performance.
The study of this relationship shall be carried out from direct tests according to the harmonized European test
methods such as EN ISO 1716, EN ISO 1182, EN 13823, EN ISO 11925-2 and EN ISO 9239-1.
If the types of relationship between the fire performance and the product/end use application parameter are
not known a series of tests will be necessary. The test series can be split into parts to get firstly a result on the
type of the relationship (qualitative result) and secondly full information on the relationship (mathematical
formula), if required.
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When a simple approach is used, it has to be kept in mind that the resulting relationships are only valid for the
particular level of the other parameters which were kept constant in the test. A fuller picture with less tests
necessary can be achieved when statistical test planning methods are used.
NOTE Results from other test methods may be used to determine which product parameter need to be tested in
European standard methods.
6.3 Extended application by calculation
For extended application by calculation, it is necessary to have (an) established calculation method(s) shown
to be valid for the intended range of parameter(s). This normally requires the calculation method to be
validated in accordance with 6.2.1 or 6.2.2.
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Annex A
(normative)
Influence of product and end-use parameters on reaction to fire test
performance
A.1 Introduction
In the main body of this document, Table 1 shows a non-exhaustive list of product and end-use application
parameters which may or may not influence the reaction to fire test performance of a product. The following is
an analysis of how each of these parameters might influence the test result for each of the five reaction to fire
test methods, assuming that all other parameters are kept unchanged.
Unless the following text says that a parameter has no effect on the performance, no general rules can be
given. However, for some tests it may be possible to interpolate between or extrapolate from data points from
samples having a different value for a particular product and or end- use parameter. It may also be possible to
group products of a similar nature in order to derive a direct application rule.
The influence of a combination of parameter changes in reaction to fire test results may be inter-related. It is
therefore recommended that the combination of product parameters which gives the lowest performance in
the test be identified if possible. If the combination giving the worst performance cannot be identified, tests will
need to be done on a series of combinations.
A.2 Product parameters
Thickness
EN ISO 1716
The test method described in EN ISO 1716 is a test on the individual materials in a product and therefore the
thickness of the product will not influence the fire performance in these tests.
EN ISO 1182
If the product has a thickness equal to or greater than 50 mm, thickness does not have an influence. Where
the product is less than 50 mm thick, so that the test specimen has to be made by combining two or more
layers together, thickness may have an influence.
EN 13823
The thickness of a product will have an influence on the fire performance when tested according to EN 13823.
As the influence of thickness is very different for individual products, it is not possible to give any general rules.
However, it may be possible to group products of similar nature, e.g. wood panels, in order to derive a direct
application rule.
The SBI test equipment has a limit on the thickness of the test specimen of 200 mm. Therefore a test on a test
specimen of 200 mm thickness prepared from a product, according to agreed mounting and fixing rules, is
equally valid for the product of all greater thickness.
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EN ISO 11925-2
The thickness of a product will have an influence on the fire performance when tested according to EN ISO
11925-2.
The thickness of the test specimen is limited up to 60 mm in EN ISO 11925-2. Therefore a test on a test
specimen of 60 mm thickness prepared from a product, according to agreed mounting and fixing rules, is
equally valid for the product of all greater thickness.
EN ISO 9239-1
The thickness of a product will have an influence on the fire performance when tested according to EN ISO
9239-1. As the influence of thickness is very different for individual products, it is not possible to give any
general rules. However, it may be possible to group products of similar nature in order to derive a direct
application rule.
Density
EN ISO 1716
The fire performance parameters of this test are not influenced by density.
EN ISO 1182
The density of the product influences the fire performance parameters. As the influence of density is different
for different products, it is not possible to give any general rules. However, for a given product it may be
possible to interpolate between data points from samples of different density.
EN 13823
The density of a product will have an influence on the fire performance when tested according to EN 13823.
As the influence of density is very different for individual products, it is not possible to give any general rules.
However, for a given product it may be possible to interpolate between data points from samples of different
density.
EN ISO 11925-2
The density of a product will have an influence on the fire performance when tested according to EN ISO
11925-2. As the influence of density is very different for individual products, it is not possible to give any
general rules.
EN ISO 9239-1
The density of a product will have an influence on the fire performance when tested according to EN ISO
9239-1. As the influence of density is very different for individual products, it is not possible to give any
general rules.
Colour
EN ISO 1716
Colour itself has no influence on the test result from EN ISO 1716, but the nature and amount of the colouring
substance may have an influence. While no general rules are possible, it may be possible to develop a
relationship based on organic content.
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EN ISO 1182
Colour itself has no influence on the test result from EN ISO 1182. If the change of composition of colouring
substance is negligible, the influence is negligible. No other general rules are possible.
EN 13823, EN ISO 11925-2 and EN ISO 9239-1
Colour itself and colouring substance may influence the fire performance of products when tested according to
EN 13823, because a change of colour may change the absorptivity of the product. A product with a dark
surface will in general be heated up faster than a product with a light coloured or shiny surface. If the change
of composition is negligible, the influence is negligible. The nature of the colouring substance may also have
an influence on the fire behaviour. No other general rules are possible.
Surface coating or facing
EN ISO 1182
Coating or facing has no effect as long as the outermost layer of which the coating or facing is part is not a
substantial component as defined in EN 13501-1.
EN ISO 1716, EN 13823, EN ISO 11925-2 and EN ISO 9239-1
The type of coating or facing influences the fire performance parameters of EN ISO 1716, EN 13823 and EN
ISO 11925-2. Because different types of coating or facing have very different behaviour in fire, it is not
possible to give any general rule for direct application of test results for different types of coating or facings.
Composition of the product
The composition of the product may influence the fire performance parameters of all tests. No general rules
can be given, and the effect of composition often has to be considered together with other parameters.
Geometry and structure of the product
EN ISO 1716 and EN ISO 1182
The test methods described in EN ISO 1716 and EN ISO 1182 are both tests on the individual materials in a
product and therefore the geometry and structure of the product will not influence the fire performance in
these tests.
EN 13823, EN ISO 11925-2 and EN ISO 9239-1
The geometry and the structure of the product may influence the fire performance of the product when tested.
No general rules can be given.
A.3 End-use application parameters
Because EN ISO 1182 and EN ISO 1716 deal with material characteristics and are thus independent of the
end-use application of the product, the following analysis apply only to EN 13823, EN ISO 11925-2 and EN
ISO 9239-1.
Substrate or underlying construction
Substrates may influence the test result. Important parameters are thickness, density, heat capacity, heat
conductivity, deformation and the contribution of the substrate to the fire development.
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EN 13238 provides a list of standard substrates. Use of those substrates gives advantage to the manufacturer
because some direct application rules are already defined in that standard.
Mounting method
The mounting method used for a product may influence the test result. Some additional guidance on the
influence of mounting methods is given in document prEN WI 127133.
NOTE Document prepared by TC 127 Ad Hoc 40.
Fixing method
Fixings/attachments and supports may influence the test result. Because the influence of fixing method is very
different for individual products, it is not possible to give any general rules. However, it might be possible to
group products of similar nature in order to derive a direct application rule. Some additional guidance on the
influence of fixing methods is given in document prEN WI 127133.
NOTE Document prepared by TC 127 Ad Hoc 40.
Type and position of joints
Joints may influence the test result. Flames may reach the unexposed side of the product and the interior
layer(s) via the joints. Products may deform at the joints leading to small air gaps behind the product. The
presence of joint filler may also influence the test result. No general direct application rules can be given for
joints or joint fillers. Some additional guidance on the influence of joints is given in document prEN WI 127133.
NOTE Document prepared by TC 127 Ad Hoc 40.
Presence of air gaps/cavities
Air gaps/cavities may influence the test result. An effect of air gaps/cavities may be that flames attack both
sides of the product and any associated substrate or underlined product. This attack may be caused by open
or opening joints (vertical or horizontal), by burning through, by melting or by falling parts of the product under
test.
The heating of an air gap may lead to a chimney effect, substantially increasing the severity of the thermal
attack.
No general direct application rules can be given for the presence of air gaps. Some additional guidance on the
influence of air gaps and cavities is given in document prEN WI 127133.
NOTE Document prepared by TC 127 Ad Hoc 40.
Product orientation
For non-symmetrical products the performance of the sides may be very different due, for example, to very
different top layers.
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On one side a product may have different reaction to fire performance due to a directional effect (like a
surface with linear trapezoid profiles). The flame spread may be blocked or guided by the directional effect
(the profile direction).
No general direct application rules can be given.
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Annex B
(informative)
Direct application
B.1 Examples of simple direct application
The following are examples of existing direct application rules. Some of these have come from generally
accepted knowledge of fire performance, while others have been developed as a result of using the extended
application principle. Some of the rules apply to all products, while others are more product-specific.
1) Results obtained for a product tested in EN ISO 11925-2, EN 13823 , EN ISO 9239-1 using the standard
particle board substrate described in EN 13238 apply to the same product on any substrate of Euroclasses A1
or A2.
2) Results obtained for a product using the standard aluminium substrate in EN 13238 apply to the same
product on any metal substrate of greater thickness and/or density.
3) Results from the SBI test for a product tested at 200 mm thick apply to the same product having any
thickness greater than 200 mm.
4) Results from the radiant pan
...
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