SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
(Main)Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
Static design by experimental methods.
Design by experimental methods as an alternative to Design By Analysis and Design By Formulae (bursting and strain gauge testing)
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 3: Konstruktion
Récipients sous pression non soumis a la flamme - Partie 3 : Conception
Neogrevane tlačne posode - 3. del: Konstruiranje
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
01-februar-2009
1HRJUHYDQHWODþQHSRVRGHGHO .RQVWUXLUDQMH
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 3: Konstruktion
Récipients sous pression non soumis a la flamme - Partie 3 : Conception
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007
ICS:
23.020.30 7ODþQHSRVRGHSOLQVNH Pressure vessels, gas
MHNOHQNH cylinders
SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13445-3:2002/A2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2007
ICS 23.020.30
English Version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 3 Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 3: Konstruktion
: Conception
This amendment A2 modifies the European Standard EN 13445-3:2002; it was approved by CEN on 26 January 2007.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of this
amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such
national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This amendment exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
2 Normative references .4
18 Detailed assessment of fatigue life.4
18.10.3 Unclassified details .4
20 Design by experimental methods .5
20.1 Purpose.5
20.2 Specific definitions.5
20.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations .6
20.4 General requirements.7
20.4.1 Experimental methods without any calculation .7
20.4.2 Experimental methods and other design methods.8
20.4.3 Test programme.8
20.4.4 Requirements for a vessel or part for burst test .8
20.4.5 Requirements for a vessel or part for fatigue test .8
20.4.6 Test medium.8
20.4.7 Safety .9
20.4.8 Non-destructive testing of welded joints .9
20.4.9 Final assessment.9
20.5 Methods .9
20.5.1 Methods for pressure loading of predominantly non-cyclic nature.9
20.5.2 Methods for pressure loading of predominantly cyclic nature and fatigue tests.10
20.6 Test specifications.11
20.6.1 Burst test of Method A .11
20.6.2 Burst test and global deformation control for Method B and Method C.15
20.6.3 Fatigue test in conjunction with Methods B or C, design by formulae or design by
analysis.16
20.7 Duplicate or similar parts.17
20.7.1 General.17
20.7.2 Duplicate parts.17
20.7.3 Similar parts .18
20.8 Bibliography.18
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC .19
2
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired
pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This Amendment to the European Standard EN 13445-3:2002 shall be given the status of a national standard,
either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2007, and conflicting
national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2007.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
This amendment is based on EN 13445-3:2002 up to issue 16 (October 2005).
The document includes the text of the amendment itself. The corrected pages of EN 13445-3 and EN 13445-5
will be delivered as issue 25 of the standard.
3
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007 (E)
2 Normative references
In Clause 2, insert:
EN 837-1, Pressure gauges – Part 1: Bourdon tube pressure gauges - Dimensions, metrology, requirements
and testing
EN 837-3, Pressure gauges –Part 3: Diaphragm and capsule pressure gauges - Dimensions, metrology,
requirements and testing
18 Detailed assessment of fatigue life
In Clause 18, replace 18.10.3 with:
18.10.3 Unclassified details
Details not fully covered in Tables 18-4 and Annex P shall be treated as Class 32 unless superior resistance
to fatigue is proved by special tests or reference to relevant fatigue test results. To justify a particular design
∆σ -N curve, at least two tests shall be performed on specimens that are representative of the design,
R
manufacture and quality of the relevant detail in the actual vessel. Test stress levels shall be chosen to result
6
in lives no more than 2 x 10 cycles. The geometric mean fatigue life obtained from the tests at a particular
stress range shall be not less than that from the ∆σ -N curve at that stress range multiplied by the factor F
R
from Table 18-6.
Table 18-6 — Values of the factor F
Number of tests F
2 15,1
3 13,1
4 12,1
5 11,4
6 11,0
7 10,6
8 10,3
9 10,1
10 9,9
NOTE F is based on assumed standard deviation of logN of 0,283, the largest value found from fatigue tests of
pressure vessels failing from a weld detail. If a lower value is known to be applicable, it may be applied in conjunction with
the test factors presented in 20.6.3.
4
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007 (E)
Add the new Clause 20 as follows:
20 Design by experimental methods
20.1 Purpose
The purpose of this clause is to validate the design of vessels or vessel parts against pressure loading by
experimental methods. These are based on burst testing supplemented, if necessary, by other tests, i.e.
control of deformation and fatigue tests. The design is characterised by the determination of the maximum
allowable pressure P of the vessel or of the vessel part. Note that validation of the design of a vessel part
s
does not validate the design of the whole vessel.
Experimental methods are applicable to vessels made of steels according to EN 13445-2, manufactured
according to EN 13445-4, inspected and tested according to EN13445-5 and to vessels made of aluminium
and aluminium alloys according to EN 13445-8 with limitations (See 20.5.1).
In the present edition of the standard, the application of this clause is limited to the design of vessels having a
maximum allowable temperature at which creep effects may be ignored.
The experimental methods of this clause are not applicable for bellows.
NOTE For cast parts made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, see EN 13445-6.
20.2 Specific definitions
burst test
hydrotest in which the pressure is increased up to a pre-determined pressure which is anticipated as being the
burst pressure
burst test with global deformation control
hydrotest in which pressure is recorded versus volume variation
fatigue test
cyclic pressure test according to this clause
5
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007 (E)
20.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations
The following symbols shall apply.
Table 20.3-1 Symbols
Symbol Quantity Unit
c corrosion or erosion thickness allowance mm
analysis thickness mm
e
a
actual thickness mm
e
act
nominal thickness mm
e
n
minimum possible fabrication thickness mm
e
min
nominal design stress for normal operating load MPa or N/mm²
f
t
cases at design temperature
f nominal design stress for normal operating load MPa or N/mm²
t
test
cases at test temperature
fatigue factor related to 99,8 % survival dimensionless
F
one-sided tolerance limit factor (see 20.6.3.2.) dimensionless
k
number of tests dimensionless
n
factor depending on shape of the shell dimensionless
n
s
N number of pressure cycles dimensionless
required number of pressure cycles dimensionless
N
req
Geometric mean number of cycles dimensionless
N
c,gm
2
required burst pressure for a tested vessel or part bar, MPa or N/mm
P
B,req
2
maximum allowable pressure bar, MPa or N/mm
P
s
maximum pressure actually applied in burst test bar, MPa or N/mm²
P
B,act
Limit pressure bar, MPa or N/mm²
P
lim
minimum pressure provided by the installation bar, MPa or N/mm²
P
min
6
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007 (E)
Symbol Quantity Unit
average tensile strength of 3 specimens from the MPa or N/mm²
R
m,avg
same heat
average tensile strength of 3 test specimens taken MPa or N/mm²
R
m(3)
from the part after the test is completed
minimum yield strength or 0,2 % proof strength at MPa or N/mm²
R
p0,2
test temperature, as given in the technical
specification for the material
dimensionless
SF safety factor used to determine P
s
3
volume of the vessel mm
V
energy of elastic deformation
W N⋅m or J
e
energy of plastic deformation
W N⋅m or J
p
absolute value of the possible negative tolerance mm
δ
e
on the nominal thickness (e.g. taken from the
material standards)
σ
standard deviation of logN dimensionless
pressure range in the fatigue test bar, MPa or N/mm²
∆P
3
volume variation mm
∆V
3
elastic part of the volume variation mm
∆V
e
NOTE 1 Table 20.3-1 contains all the notations used in the clause.
NOTE 2 For more information regarding thicknesses, see Clause 5.
NOTE 3 For more information regarding nominal design stresses, see Clause 6.
20.4 General requirements
20.4.1 Experimental methods without any calculation
a) Experimental methods without any calculation shall only apply to vessels where the product
P.⋅V < 6000 bar⋅L
s
b) Experimental methods without any calculation shall not apply in the context of PED module B1.
c) As a general rule design by formulae or design by analysis according to Annex B or C is given preference
to the design by experiment only.
NOTE PED means the Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC).
7
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007 (E)
20.4.2 Experimental methods and other design methods
a) When dimensions can be calculated by design by formulae this method shall be used. The experimental
methods may be used to supplement design by formulae or design by analysis methods to verify the
adequacy of the design. In all cases, the lowest of the allowable pressures of all parts shall be used as
maximum allowable pressure P for the whole vessel, whatever the design method used.
s
b) The test vessel or part shall not be used as a pressurized part after the burst or fatigue test, even when
the vessel or part has shown no sign of burst or leak.
20.4.3 Test programme
The test programme shall be defined prior to test and approved by an organisation or a body appropriately
qualified in the domain of design by experiment. It shall contain:
a) Essential dimensions and material characteristics of the test part;
b) Test conditions;
c) Description of instrumentation;
d) Criteria for acceptance or refusal.
20.4.4 Requirements for a vessel or part for burst test
a) The test vessel or part shall be representative of the production envisaged;
b) During production no changes in tolerances, production methods or material shall be made;
c) A family of vessels or parts are allowed based on only one test by extending the results to larger or
smaller scale within certain limits, as specified in 20.7;
d) The vessel or part for which the maximum allowable pressure is to be established by method A (See
20.5) shall not previously have been subjected to a pressure greater than that of the anticipated standard
hydrostatic test pressure given in 10.2.3.3.1 of EN 13445-5:2002.
e) The vessel or part for which the maximum allowable pressure is to be established by method B or C (See
20.5) shall not previously have been subjected to a pressure greater than that of the anticipated
maximum allowable pressure.
20.4.5 Requirements for a vessel or part for fatigue test
a) The test vessel or part shall be representative of the production envisaged, including materials,
tolerances and manufacturing methods;
b) Since shape deviations can have a detrimental influence on fatigue behaviour of the vessel or part, it is
advisable to include the largest allowable deviations in the test samples;
c) The vessel or part for which the maximum allowable pressure is to be established shall not previously
have been subjected to a pressure greater than that of the standard hydrostatic test pressure given in
10.2.3.3.1 of EN 13445-5:2005.
20.4.6 Test medium
A liquid shall be used as the test medium. It shall be such as to prevent both corrosion and any detrimental
residual solids. Vents shall be provided at all high points of the vessel to purge possible air pockets while
pressurizing the vessel.
8
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SIST EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2009
EN 13445-3:2002/A2:2007 (E)
20.4.7 Safety
The pressure test shall always be carried out under controlled conditions, with appropriate safety precautions
and equipment, and in such a way that the persons responsible for the test are able to make adequate
inspections of all pressurised parts.
NOTE Safety measures should be in accordance with national laws and regulations applicable at the place where the
test is performed.
20.4.8 Non-destructive testing of welded joints
The required extent of non-destructive testing of welded joints for final acceptance purposes depends both
upon the testing group and the type of the welded joint, as specified for vessels designed by formulae or by
analysis.
The testing group to be considered for the vessel or vessel part shall be determined according to the rules
given in EN 13445-5:2002 (Table 6.6.1-1) for steel pressure vessels and EN 13445-8:2006 (Table 8.1-1) for
aluminium vessels.
NOTE 1 The weld joint coefficient is not used in design by the experimental method without calculation.
The required extent of non-destructive testing of welded joints shall be determined according to the rules
given in EN 13445-5:2002 (Table 6.6.2-1) for steel pressure vessels and EN 13445-8:2006 (Table 8.2-1) for
aluminium vessels.
In case where it is not obvious whether the welded joint is a governing one or not, due to the complex shape
of the vessel and/or the particular location of that joint, a conservative assumption shall be made, i.e. the
welded joint shall be considered as a governing welded joint and tested accordingly.
NOTE 2 For definition of governing welded joint, see Clause 3, definition 3.12. For examples of governing welded
joints, see 5.6.
If no weld is present in the vessel or vessel part, testing group 1 shall be assumed.
Non-destructive testing methods, techniques, characterisation and acceptance criteria shall be in accordance
with the rules given in EN 13445-5:2002 (6.6.3) for steel pressure vessels and EN 13445-8:2006 (8.3) for
aluminium pressure vessels.
NOTE 3 For pressure loading of predominantly cyclic nature 6.6.3 requires the use of Annex G of EN 13445-5:2002.
20.4.9 Final assessment
Each completed vessel shall be subject to a final assessment as specified for vessels designed by formulae or
by analysis in Clause 10 of EN 13445-5:2002. The modifications to Clause 10 included in 8.5 of EN 13445-
8:2006 for aluminium pressure vessels shall be taken into account.
NOTE In Clause 10, 10.2.3.3.1 c) is not applicable in design by the experimental method without calculation.
20.5 Methods
20.5.1 Methods for pressure loading of p
...
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 13445-
3:2002/OprA2:2004
PREDSTANDARD
december 2004
Neogrevane tlačne posode - 3. del: Konstruiranje
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
ICS 23.020.30 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 13445-3:2002/OprA2:2004(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
EN 13445-3:2002
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
prA2
September 2004
ICS
English version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 3 Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 3: Konstruktion
: Conception
This draft amendment is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 54.
This draft amendment A2, if approved, will modify the European Standard EN 13445-3:2002. If this draft becomes an amendment, CEN
members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of this amendment
into the relevant national standard without any alteration.
This draft amendment was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made
by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status
as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-3:2002/prA2:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 13445-3:2002/prA2:2004 (E)
Contents
Foreword.3
20 Design by experimental methods (Clause entirely new) .4
20.1 Purpose.4
20.2 Specific definitions.4
20.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations .5
20.4 General requirements.6
20.4.1 Experimental methods without any calculation .6
20.4.2 Experimental methods and other design methods.6
20.4.3 Test programme.7
20.4.4 Requirements for a vessel or part for burst test .7
20.4.5 Requirements for a vessel or part for fatigue test .7
20.4.6 Test medium.7
20.4.7 Safety.7
20.5 Methods.8
20.5.1 Methods for pressure loading of predominantly non-cyclic nature.8
20.5.2 Methods for pressure loading of predominantly cyclic nature.8
20.6 Test specifications.9
20.6.1 Burst test of Method A .9
20.6.2 Burst test and global deformation control for Method B and Method C.12
20.6.3 Fatigue test of Method C.14
20.7 Duplicate or similar parts.15
20.7.1 Duplicate parts.15
20.7.2 Geometrically similar part.15
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential safety
requirements or other provisions of EU directives.16
2
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EN 13445-3:2002/prA2:2004 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 13445-3:2002/prA2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54
“Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
The document includes the text of the amendment itself. The corrected pages of EN 13445-3 will be delivered
as issue xx of the standard.
3
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EN 13445-3:2002/prA2:2004 (E)
20 Design by experimental methods (Clause entirely new)
20.1 Purpose
The purpose of this clause is to validate the design of vessels or vessel parts by experimental methods when
the strength cannot be determined by design by formula or by design by analysis with a satisfactory
assurance of accuracy. Experimental methods are based on a burst test completed, if necessary, by other
tests. The design is characterised by the determination of the maximum allowable pressure P of the vessel
s
or of the vessel part.
Experimental methods are applicable to vessels made of steels according to Part 2, manufactured according
to Part 4, inspected and tested according to Part 5 and to vessels made of aluminium and aluminium alloys
according to Part 8 with limitations (See 20.5.1).
For this edition, these methods apply to maximum allowable temperatures for which creep effects need not be
considered.
The experimental methods of this clause are not applicable for bellows.
NOTE For cast parts made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, see Part 6.
20.2 Specific definitions
burst test
hydrotest in which the pressure is increased up to a pre-determined pressure which is anticipated as being the
burst pressure
burst test with global deformation control
hydrotest in which pressure is recorded versus volume variation
fatigue test
hydrotest in which specified pressure cycles are applied
4
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EN 13445-3:2002/prA2:2004 (E)
20.3 Specific symbols and abbreviations
The following symbols and abbreviations shall apply.
Table 20.3-1 Symbols and abbreviations
Symbol Quantity Unit
c corrosion or erosion thickness allowance mm
analysis thickness mm
e
a
actual thickness mm
e
act
nominal thickness mm
e
n
minimum possible fabrication thickness mm
e
min
nominal design stress at design temperature MPa or N/mm²
f
t
nominal design stress at test temperature MPa or N/mm²
f
t
test
fatigue factor related to 99,8 % survival dimensionless
F
n
factor depending on shape of the shell dimensionless
required number of pressure cycles dimensionless
N
req
minimum number of cycles dimensionless
N
c,min
2
required burst test pressure bar, MPa or N/mm
P
B
2
maximum allowable pressure bar, MPa or N/mm
P
s
maximum pressure actually applied in burst test bar, MPa or N/mm²
P
B,act
limit pressure bar, MPa or N/mm²
P
lim
minimum pressure provided by the installation bar, MPa or N/mm²
P
min
average tensile strength of 3 specimens from the MPa or N/mm²
R
m,avg
same heat
5
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EN 13445-3:2002/prA2:2004 (E)
Symbol Quantity Unit
average tensile strength of 3 test specimens taken MPa or N/mm²
R
m(3)
from the part after the test is completed
is the minimum yield strength or 0,2 % proof MPa or N/mm²
R
p0,2
strength at test temperature, as given in the
technical specification for the material
safety factor used to determine P dimensionless
SF s
3
Volume of the vessel mm
V
energy of elastic deformation N.mm
W
e
energy of plastic deformation N.mm
W
p
absolute value of the possible negative tolerance mm
δ
e
on the nominal thickness (e.g. taken from the
material standards)
pressure range in the fatigue test bar, MPa or N/mm²
∆P
NOTE1 Table 20.3-1 contains all the notations used in the Clause.
NOTE2 For more information regarding thicknesses, see Clause 5.
NOTE3 For more information regarding nominal design stresses, see Clause 6.
20.4 General requirements
20.4.1 Experimental methods without any calculation
a) Experimental methods without any calculation shall only apply to vessels where the product
P ⋅V < 6000 bar.L .
s
b) Experimental methods without any calculation shall not apply in the context of module B1.
c) As a rule design by formula or design by analysis according to Annex B or C is given preference to the
design by experiment only.
20.4.2 Experimental methods and other design methods
a) When dimensions can be calculated by design by formula this method shall be used. The experimental
methods may be used to complement design by formula or design by analysis methods to verify the
adequacy of the design. However other parts of the vessel where sizing is determined by design by
formula or design by analysis methods shall not lead to a vessel having a maximum allowable pressure
P which is greater than that determined by the design by experimental methods.
s
b) The test vessel or part shall not be used as a pressurized part after the burst or fatigue test, even when
the vessel or part has shown no sign of burst or leak.
6
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EN 13445-3:2002/prA2:2004 (E)
20.4.3 Test programme
The test programme shall be defined prior to test and accepted by the Responsible Authority where it exists. It
shall contain:
a) Essential dimensions and material characteristics of the test part.
b) Test conditions
c) Description of instrumentation
d) Criteria for acceptance or refusal
20.4.4 Requirements for a vessel or part for burst test
a) The test vessel or part shall be representative of the production envisaged;
b) During production no changes in tolerances, production methods or material shall be made;
c) A family of vessels or parts are allowed based on only one test by extending the results to larger or
smaller scale within certain limits, as specified in 20.7;
d) The vessel or part for which the maximum allowable pressure is to be established shall not previously
have been subjected to a pressure greater than that of the standard hydrostatic test pressure given in
paragraph 10.2.3.3.1 of EN 13445-5.
20.4.5 Requirements for a vessel or part for fatigue test
a) The test vessel or part shall be representative of the production envisaged;
b) During production no changes in tolerances, production methods or material shall be made;
c) The vessel or part for which the maximum allowable pressure is to be established shall not previously
have been subjected to a pressure greater than that of the standard hydrostatic test pressure given in
paragraph 10.2.3.3.1 of EN 13445-5.
20.4.6 Test medium
A liquid shall be used as the test medium. It shall be such as to prevent both corrosion and any detrimental
residual solids. Vents shall be provided at all high points of the vessel to purge possible air pockets while
pressurizing the vessel.
20.4.7 Safety
The pressure test shall always be carried out under controlled conditions, with appropriate safety precautions
and equipment, and in such a way that the persons responsible for the test are able to make adequate
inspections of all pressurised parts.
NOTE Safety measures should be in accordance with national laws and regulations applicable at the place where the
test is performed.
7
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EN 13445-3:2002/prA2:2004 (E)
20.5 Methods
20.5.1 Methods for pressure loading of predominantly non-cyclic nature
Several methods can be used to determine the maximum allowable pressure of a pressure vessel or a part for
a pressure loading of predominantly non-cyclic nature, as defined in Clause 5.4.2. These methods allow for
margins towards the following failure modes:
a) Burst
b) Gross plastic deformation
c) Fatigue (up to 500 full pressure cycles)
NOTE: Buckling will be considered later.
These methods take into account manufacturing tolerances and difference between design temperature and
test temperature, but do not consider temperature differences along the vessel in service or through thickness.
Corrosion thickness of plate or casting c and negative tolerance δ of the plate are taken into account in the
e
calculation of the maximum allowable pressure P .
s
NOTE: It is not practical to fabricate a pressure vessel without the corrosion thickness allowance c if c > 0 mm.
Besides, the behaviour of the shell which is thinner than the normal welded production shell may be different in testing.
Therefore, corrosion allowance thickness is accounted for by subtracting the value from the nominal wall thickness in plate
or tube material, and subtracted from the minimum thickness in castings.
20.5.1.1 Method A
This method is applicable to steel and aluminium vessels of simple shapes with smooth transition or small
angles between adjacent component walls. The method is not applicable to vessels incorporating flat walls. In
addition the method is not recommended if any part is expected to experience significant bending.
It is based on a burst test. The safety coefficient SF shall be equal to 5.
20.5.1.2 Method B
This method is applicable to steel vessels of all shapes.
It is based on a burs
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