SIST EN 1354:2005

Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure

This European Standard specifies a method of determining the compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure (LAC) according to EN 1520.
The reference test method uses test specimens (cores or cubes) taken from prefabricated components.
Test specimens cast separately in moulds may also be used. This alternative procedure is described in Annex A.

Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeit von haufwerksporigem Leichtbeton

Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeit von haufwerksporigem
Leichtbeton (LAC) nach EN 1520 fest.
Beim Referenzprüfverfahren werden Probekörper (Bohrkerne oder Würfel) verwendet, die vorgefertigten
Bauteilen entnommen werden.
Es dürfen auch getrennt in Formen hergestellte Probekörper verwendet werden. Dieses Alternativprüfverfahren
ist in Anhang A beschrieben.

Détermination de la résistance a la compression du béton de granulats légers a structure ouverte

La présente Norme européenne spécifie le mode opératoire de détermination de la résistance a la compression du béton de granulats légers a structure ouverte (LAC) conformément au prEN 1520.
La méthode d'essai de référence utilise des éprouvettes (cylindriques ou cubiques) prélevées dans les éléments préfabriqués.
Les éprouvettes coulées séparément dans des moules peuvent également etre utilisées. Cet autre mode opératoire est décrit dans l'Annexe A.

Ugotavljanje tlačne trdnosti betona iz lahkega agregata z odprto strukturo

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2005
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: BBB - Concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Due Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Ref Project: EN 1354:2005 - Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 1354:2001 - Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1354:2005
01-december-2005
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1354:2001
8JRWDYOMDQMHWODþQHWUGQRVWLEHWRQDL]ODKNHJDDJUHJDWD]RGSUWRVWUXNWXUR
Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete with open
structure
Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeit von haufwerksporigem Leichtbeton
Détermination de la résistance a la compression du béton de granulats légers a structure
ouverte
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1354:2005
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
SIST EN 1354:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 1354:2005

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SIST EN 1354:2005



EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1354

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2005
ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 1354:1996
English version
Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate
concrete with open structure
Détermination de la résistance à la compression du béton Bestimmung der Druckfestigkeit von haufwerksporigem
de granulats légers à structure ouverte Leichtbeton
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 June 2005.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.




EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1354:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN 1354:2005
EN 1354:2005 (E)
Contents page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Principle.4
4 Apparatus .4
5 Test specimens.5
6 Compression test.7
7 Test results.7
8 Test report .8
Annex A (normative) Determination of compressive strength of lightweight aggregate concrete
with open structure on test specimens east in moulds.10
Annex B (informative) Determination of the fresh density of LAC in situ by means of the water
replacement method.13
Bibliography .16

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SIST EN 1354:2005
EN 1354:2005 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard (EN 1354:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 177
“Prefabricated reinforced components of autoclaved aerated concrete or light-weight aggregate concrete with
open structure”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2006.
This document supersedes EN 1354:1996.
In order to meet the performance requirements as laid down in the product standard for prefabricated
components of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure, a number of standardized test methods
are necessary.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 1354:2005
EN 1354:2005 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method of determining the compressive strength of lightweight aggregate
concrete with open structure (LAC) according to EN 1520.
The reference test method uses test specimens (cores or cubes) taken from prefabricated components.
Test specimens cast separately in moulds may also be used. This alternative procedure is described in
Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 992, Determination of the dry density of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure
EN 1520, Prefabricated reinforced components of lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure
EN 12350-1, Testing fresh concrete - Part 1: Sampling
EN 12390-1, Testing hardened concrete - Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens
and moulds
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete - Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests
EN 12390-4, Testing hardened concrete - Part 4: Compressive strength - Specification for testing machines
EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures - Part 1: Cored specimens - Testing, examining and testing in
compression
3 Principle
The compressive strength is determined on test specimens taken from prefabricated components. It is defined
as the ratio between the rupture load in axial compression and the cross-sectional area of the test specimen.
4 Apparatus
a) A compression testing machine which meets the requirements of EN 12390-4 for testing machines of
machine class 1 or 2;
b) calipers, capable of reading the dimensions of the test specimens to an accuracy of 0,1 mm;
c) straight-edge (at least as long as the longest diagonal of the test specimen surfaces, in the case of
cylinders: at least as long as the generatrices) and a 0,5 mm-feeler gauge;
4

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SIST EN 1354:2005
EN 1354:2005 (E)
d) equalising layers of soft fibreboard with a thickness of (12 ± 2) mm and a density of (250 to 400) kg/m³ to
be inserted between the loadbearing surfaces of the test specimens and the platens of the compression
testing machine (not required in the case of levelling the loadbearing surfaces by grinding or capping).
The edge length or the diameter of the equalising layers shall not exceed that of the loadbearing surfaces
of the test specimen by more than 5 mm (see NOTE 1);
e) balance, capable of determining the mass of the test specimens to an accuracy of 0,1 %;
f) ventilated drying oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of (105 ± 5) °C (see NOTE 2);
g) equipment for drilling cores from reinforced components, with water cooled diamond bit and sufficiently
rigid so that the cores can be obtained with straight sides with a minimum of surface irregularities and
disturbances;
h) any saw suitable for cutting reinforced LAC components.
NOTE 1 The use of equalising layers with larger size may give higher strength results, especially for LAC in the lower
strength range, due to the effect of lateral restraint.
NOTE 2 In addition a ventilated drying oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (40 to 60) °C can be helpful for
conditioning of test specimens.
5 Test specimens
5.1 Sample
The sample for the preparation of the test specimens (usually at least one prefabricated component) shall be
taken in such a manner that it is representative of the product to be investigated.
5.2 Shape and size of test specimens
The test specimens shall be cores with a length equal to the diameter, or cubes. The preferred diameter or
edge length, respectively, is 100 mm (reference test specimens).
NOTE 1 Experience has shown, that the strength results are practically the same in both cases. In EN 1520 both are
considered as cube strength.
NOTE 2 In the case of hollow core components or multilayer components it may be necessary to use smaller test
specimens.
5.3 Number of test specimens
A test set shall consist of at least three test specimens. If test specimens with a diameter or an edge length
below 70 mm or less than three times the maximum aggregate size are used, at least six test specimens shall
be tested.
5.4 Preparation of test specimens
The test specimens shall preferably be taken from the following areas of components:
 solid and hollow core components: from the compression zone; if the shear strength shall be derived from
the compressive strength, it may be necessary to take test specimens also from the weakest zone of the
component (see NOTE 1) or, if applicable, from the webs between the hollow cores.
 multilayer components: from the weakest part of the middle layer (see NOTE 2).
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SIST EN 1354:2005
EN 1354:2005 (E)
Cores shall be taken and prepared according to EN 12504-1 unless otherwise stated in this European
Standard. If possible, the axis of the cores shall be chosen parallel to the direction of the compressive
stresses in the component. Cubes shall be cut by means of a saw, preferably a circular saw with water-cooled
carborundum or diamond blade. One axis of the cubes shall be parallel to the direction of the compressive
stresses in the component.
The test specimens shall not contain any reinforcing bars in, or close to, the direction of the compressive force
during the test. One or two reinforcing bars approximately perpendicular to the direction of the compressive
force and with a diameter not exceeding 10 mm may be permitted, but should be avoided, if possible. The
presence of steel within a test specimen shall be mentioned in the test report.
The test specimens shall be drilled or cut within a period of (1 to 7) days before the compression test and
stored until the test in air at (20 ± 5) °C and (50 ± 15) % relative humidity. The moisture content at the
compression test shall be ≥ 4 % by mass. If the moisture content is found to be lower, the test specimens
shall be wetted and subsequently stored under the conditions specified above for at least 1 day prior to the
compression test.
NOTE 1 Depending on the manufacturing process, the strength can decrease or increase from top to bottom.
NOTE 2 In general, it will not be possible to take test specimens with the required dimensions for the compression test
from the thin outer layers of multilayer components. A feasible method would be to take several cores perpendicular to the
plane of the component, to separate the outer layers of the cores by cutting and to glue several of these discs one on top
of the other until the required length (see 5.2) has been attained. In order to prevent impermissible strength increase by
partly filling the interstitial pores with glue, only a minimum amount of glue should be used, and the glue, preferably epoxy
resin or cement paste, should have a plastic rather than a liquid consistency. Another possibility would be to add an
additional length to the component and make it homogeneous, using concrete of the outer layers, and to take the test
specimens from this part of the component. This method can also be used in the case of hollow core components, where it
is not normally possible to take test specimens with the required dimensions from the thin top and bottom layers.
5.5 Checking the dimension and the shape of test specimens
The dimensions and the shape of the test specimens shall be checked according to EN 12504-1.
Each dimension shall be determined to an accuracy of 0,2 % by at least two measurements, taken at different
positions, and the considered dimension is determined by the mean value.
The length of cylinders shall not deviate from their diameter by more than ± 5 %.
5.6 Treating of loadbearing surfaces
The loadbearing surfaces shall not depart from perpendicularity with the longitudinal axis of the test specimen
by more than 1°.
In the case of cubes the surfaces approximately perpendicular to the compressive stresses in the component
when in use shall be chosen as the loadbearing surfaces.
The loadbearing surfaces of the test specimens shall be plane within 0,5 mm. Planeness shall be checked
across two orthogonal diameters or across the two diagonals, respectively, using a straight-edge and, if
necessary, a 0,5 mm-feeler gauge.
Necessary corrections of perpendicularity and/or planeness shall be made by cutting or grinding or, if
applicable, by capping of the loadbearing surfaces.
5.7 Determination of mass of test specimens in air-dry state
Immediately before the compression test the mass of the test specimens shall be determined in the actual air-
dry state.
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SIST EN 1354:2005
EN 1354:2005 (E)
NOTE The term "air-dry" is not related to a strictly defined moisture content. The air-dry mass or density is therefore
no absolute value but may be used for comparing the individual test specimens within a test set or for the calculation of
the volume of a concrete sample taken from a crushed compression specimen to determine the dry density in accordance
with EN 992.
6 Compression test
The platens of the compression-testing machine shall be wiped clean, and the test specimen shall be
positioned in the compression testing machine. In the case of test specimens where the loadbearing surfaces
have not been capped or levelled by grinding and depart from planeness by more than 0,2 mm, equalising
layers of soft fibreboard, as specified in 4 d), shall be inserted between the loadbearing surfaces of the test
specimen and the platens of the compression testing machine. In this case, for each compression test a new
set of fibreboard equalising layers shall be used.
The test specimen shall be seated centrally and loaded uniformly (see NOTE 1).
The load shall be applied until rupture in a continuous and uniform manner, without shock, at a constant rate
in order to reach the maximum load within (30 to 120) s (see NOTE 2). The maximum load carried by the test
specimen shall be recorded.
After the compression test the test specimen or at least 80 % of its mass shall be dried at (105 ± 5) °C to
constant mass in order to determine the dry density of the LAC according to EN 992 and to determine the
actual moisture content during the compression test (see, however, the note in Clause 7).
NOTE 1 In order to obtain uniform load transmission, it may be necessary to adjust the spherically seated upper platen
of the compression testing machine by hand so that it is parallel to the upper loadbearing surface of the test specimen
before it is brought to contact with it.
NOTE 2 For LAC with unknown stre
...