SIST EN 301:2014
(Main)Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures - Classification and performance requirements
Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures - Classification and performance requirements
This European Standard establishes a classification for phenolic and aminoplastic polycondensation adhesives according to their suitability for use for load-bearing timber structures in defined climatic exposure conditions, and specifies performance requirements for such adhesives for the factory manufacture or factorylike manufacturing conditions of load-bearing timber structures only. This European Standard only specifies the performance of an adhesive for use in an environment corresponding to the defined conditions. The performance requirements of this European Standard apply to the adhesive only, not to the timber structure. This European Standard does not cover the performance of adhesives for on-site gluing (except for factory-like conditions) nor the production of wood-based panels, except solid wood panels, or modified and stabilised wood with considerably reduced swelling and shrinkage properties, e.g. such as acetylated wood, heat treated wood and polymer impregnated wood. This European Standard is primarily intended for the use of adhesive manufacturers and for the use in timber structures bonded with adhesives, to assess or control the quality of adhesives. The requirements apply to the type testing of the adhesives. Production control activities are outside the scope of this European Standard. Adhesives meeting the requirements of this European Standard are adequate for use in a load-bearing timber structure, provided that the bonding process has been carried out according to an appropriate product standard.
Klebstoffe, Phenoplaste und Aminoplaste, für tragende Holzbauteile - Klassifizierung und Leistungsanforderungen
This European Standard establishes a classification for phenolic and aminoplastic polycondensation adhesives according to their suitability for use for load-bearing timber structures in defined climatic exposure conditions, and specifies performance requirements for such adhesives for the factory manufacture or factory-like manufacturing conditions of load-bearing timber structures only.
This standard only specifies the performance of an adhesive for use in an environment corresponding to the defined conditions.
The performance requirements of this standard apply to the adhesive only, not to the structure. This standard does not cover the performance of adhesives for on-site gluing (except for factory-like conditions) nor the production of wood-based panels, except solid wood panels, or modified and stabilized wood with considerably reduced swelling and shrinkage properties, e.g. such as acetylated wood, heat treated wood and polymer impregnated wood.
This standard is primarily intended for the use of adhesive manufacturers and for the use in timber structures bonded with adhesives, to assess or control the quality of adhesives. The requirements apply to the type testing of the adhesives. Production control activities are outside the scope of the standard.
Adhesives meeting the requirements of this standard are adequate for use in a load-bearing structure, provided that the bonding process has been carried out according to an appropriate product standard.
Adhésifs de nature phénolique et aminoplaste, pour structures portantes en bois - Classification et exigences de performance
La présente Norme européenne établit une classification des adhésifs de polycondensation de type phénolique ou aminoplaste en fonction de leur aptitude à l’emploi dans les structures portantes en bois dans des conditions d’exposition climatique définies ; elle spécifie les exigences de performance applicables à ces adhésifs uniquement lorsqu’ils sont utilisés pour la fabrication en usine de structures portantes en bois, ou dans des conditions similaires à la fabrication en usine.
La présente norme spécifie les performances de l’adhésif uniquement lorsqu’il est utilisé dans un environnement correspondant aux conditions définies.
Les exigences de performance de la présente norme ne s’appliquent qu’à l’adhésif ; elles ne s’appliquent pas à la structure. La présente norme n’a pas pour objet la performance des adhésifs utilisés pour le collage sur site (à l’exception des conditions similaires à la fabrication en usine) ou pour la fabrication de panneaux à base de bois, à l’exception des panneaux en bois massif, ou pour le bois modifié et stabilisé ayant une propension considérablement réduite au gonflement et au rétrécissement, comme par exemple le bois acétylé, le bois traité à la chaleur et le bois imprégné de polymère.
La présente norme s’adresse avant tout aux fabricants d’adhésifs pour leur permettre, dans le domaine des structures en bois collées, d’évaluer ou de contrôler la qualité des adhésifs. Les exigences s’appliquent aux essais de type des adhésifs. Les activités de contrôle de la production ne relèvent pas du domaine d’application de la norme.
Un adhésif répondant aux exigences définies dans la présente norme se comportera de manière satisfaisante dans une structure portante, pour autant que les opérations de collage aient été effectuées en référence à une norme de produit appropriée.
Lepila na osnovi fenolov in aminoplastov za nosilne lesene konstrukcije - Razvrstitev in zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 301:2014
01-april-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 301:2006
Lepila na osnovi fenolov in aminoplastov za nosilne lesene konstrukcije -
Razvrstitev in zahteve
Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures - Classification
and performance requirements
Klebstoffe, Phenoplaste und Aminoplaste, für tragende Holzbauteile - Klassifizierung und
Leistungsanforderungen
Adhésifs de nature phénolique et aminoplaste, pour structures portantes en bois -
Classification et exigences de performance
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 301:2013
ICS:
83.180 Lepila Adhesives
91.080.20 Lesene konstrukcije Timber structures
SIST EN 301:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 301:2014
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SIST EN 301:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 301
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2013
ICS 83.180 Supersedes EN 301:2006
English Version
Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber
structures - Classification and performance requirements
Adhésifs de nature phénolique et aminoplaste, pour Klebstoffe, Phenoplaste und Aminoplaste, für tragende
structures portantes en bois - Classification et exigences de Holzbauteile - Klassifizierung und Leistungsanforderungen
performance
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 July 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 301:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 301:2014
EN 301:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Classification .7
5 Requirements .9
5.1 General .9
5.2 Tensile shear test. 10
5.3 Delamination test . 11
5.4 Fibre damage test . 11
5.5 Shrinkage test . 12
5.6 Static load test . 12
5.7 Type testing of separate application finger joint adhesive . 12
6 Working properties of the adhesive. 12
6.1 General . 12
6.2 Physical properties of adhesive prepared for use . 12
6.3 Use of the adhesive . 13
Annex A (normative) Delamination test for finger joints with separate spread of adhesive and
finger . 14
A.1 Production of the specimens . 14
A.2 Testing . 14
Bibliography . 16
2
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SIST EN 301:2014
EN 301:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 301:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 193 “Adhesives”, the
secretariat of which is held by AENOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by April 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 301:2006.
Compared to EN 301:2006 the following changes have been made:
a) three subclasses for adhesives have been added: for general purpose, for finger jointing and for gap
filling purpose;
b) further classification of adhesives according to temperature resistance and for mixed and separate
application of adhesive and hardener specified;
c) application of Type II adhesives limited to service class 1;
d) provisions for small modifications of already approved adhesives;
e) requirements for thick glue line in the range of 0,3 mm to 2,0 mm;
f) provisions for delamination tests of hardwood added;
g) pH value for performance of fibre damage test reduced;
h) additional tests for static loads and for separate application of finger joint adhesives.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
3
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SIST EN 301:2014
EN 301:2013 (E)
Introduction
This document is one of a series of standards dealing with phenolic and aminoplastic adhesives for use with
timber structures, and is published in support of product standards for load-bearing timber structures in
connection with EN 1995-1-1 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures – Part 1-1: General – Common rules
and rules for buildings. The series consists of one standard for classification and performance requirements
(EN 301), five test methods (EN 302, Parts 1 to 4 and EN 15416-2) used to assess the performance of
adhesives after specified heat and humidity treatments, and three test methods (EN 302, Parts 5 to 7) to
characterise the working properties of the adhesive.
SAFETY STATEMENT — Persons using this document should be familiar with the normal laboratory practice,
if applicable. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure
compliance with any regulatory conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT — It is understood that some of the material permitted in this standard may
have a negative environmental impact. As technological advantages lead to acceptable alternatives for these
materials, they will be eliminated from this standard to the greatest extent possible.
At the end of the test, the user of the standard should take care to carry out an appropriate disposal of the
wastes, according to local regulations.
4
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SIST EN 301:2014
EN 301:2013 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard establishes a classification for phenolic and aminoplastic polycondensation
adhesives according to their suitability for use for load-bearing timber structures in defined climatic exposure
conditions, and specifies performance requirements for such adhesives for the factory manufacture or factory-
like manufacturing conditions of load-bearing timber structures only.
This European Standard only specifies the performance of an adhesive for use in an environment
corresponding to the defined conditions.
The performance requirements of this European Standard apply to the adhesive only, not to the timber
structure. This European Standard does not cover the performance of adhesives for on-site gluing (except for
factory-like conditions) nor the production of wood-based panels, except solid wood panels, or modified and
stabilised wood with considerably reduced swelling and shrinkage properties, e.g. such as acetylated wood,
heat treated wood and polymer impregnated wood.
This European Standard is primarily intended for the use of adhesive manufacturers and for the use in timber
structures bonded with adhesives, to assess or control the quality of adhesives. The requirements apply to the
type testing of the adhesives. Production control activities are outside the scope of this European Standard.
Adhesives meeting the requirements of this European Standard are adequate for use in a load-bearing timber
structure, provided that the bonding process has been carried out according to an appropriate product
standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 302-1, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures - Test methods - Part 1: Determination of longitudinal
tensile shear strength
EN 302-2, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures - Test methods - Part 2: Determination of resistance to
delamination
EN 302-3, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures - Test methods - Part 3: Determination of the effect of
acid damage to wood fibres by temperature and humidity cycling on the transverse tensile strength
EN 302-4, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures - Test methods - Part 4: Determination of the effects
of wood shrinkage on the shear strength
EN 408, Timber structures - Structural timber and glued laminated timber - Determination of some physical
and mechanical properties
EN 923, Adhesives - Terms and definitions
EN 1245, Adhesives - Determination of pH
EN 1995-1-1, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General - Common rules and rules for
buildings
EN 12092, Adhesives - Determination of viscosity
EN 13183-2, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber - Part 2: Estimation by electrical resistance method
5
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SIST EN 301:2014
EN 301:2013 (E)
EN 13183-3, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber - Part 3: Estimation by capacitance method
EN 14080, Timber structures - Glued laminated timber and glued solid timber - Requirements
EN 15416-2:2007, Adhesives for load bearing timber structures other than phenolic and aminoplastic - Test
methods - Part 2: Static load test of multiple bondline specimens in compression shear
EN 15425:2008, Adhesives - One component polyurethane for load bearing timber structures - Classification
and performance requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 923 and the following apply.
3.1
aminoplastic resin
thermosetting synthetic resin derived from a condensation reaction of the –NH groups or –NH groups of
2
amines or amides with aldehydes
3.2
phenolic resin
thermosetting synthetic resin derived from a condensation reaction of a phenol with an aldehyde
3.3
polycondensation adhesive
adhesive mixture made from a resin formed by a polymerisation reaction involving the elimination of water,
usually with a hardener
Note 1 to entry: Such adhesives usually also contain extenders and/or fillers.
3.4
service class 1
climatic conditions characterised by a moisture content in the materials corresponding to a temperature of
20 °C and the relative humidity of the surrounding air only exceeding 65 % for a few weeks per year
Note 1 to entry: In service class 1, which comprises typical indoor conditions, the average moisture content in most
softwoods will not exceed 12 %.
[SOURCE: EN 1995-1-1:2004, 2.3.1.3]
3.5
service class 2
climatic conditions characterised by a moisture content in the materials corresponding to a temperature of
20 °C and the relative humidity of the surrounding air only exceeding 85 % for a few weeks per year
Note 1 to entry: In service class 2, to which most covered exterior conditions belong, the average moisture content in
most softwoods will not exceed 20 %.
[SOURCE: EN 1995-1-1:2004, 2.3.1.3]
3.6
service class 3
climatic conditions leading to higher moisture contents than in service class 2
Note 1 to entry: Exterior conditions typically belong to service class 3.
[SOURCE: EN 1995-1-1:2004, 2.3.1.3, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.]
6
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SIST EN 301:2014
EN 301:2013 (E)
3.7
glue line
adhesive layer between the wood members
3.8
thick glue line
glue line of nominal thickness in the range of 0,3 mm to 2,0 mm at the time of bonding
Note 1 to entry: Thick glue lines are achieved by using spacers, grooves or similar devices with a thickness of 0,3 mm
to 2,0 mm when two plain members are glued together.
3.9
close contact glue line
glue line of thickness maximum 0,1 mm
Note 1 to entry: Close contact glue line is achieved by pressing together two plane wood members with a clamping
2
pressure of (0,8 ± 0,1) N/mm without grooves, spacers or similar devices.
4 Classification
Adhesives (general purpose, finger jointing or gap filling) for structural purposes shall produce joints of such
strength and durability that the integrity of the bond is maintained in the assigned service class throughout the
expected life of
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 301:2012
01-januar-2012
Lepila na osnovi fenolov in aminoplastov za nosilne lesene konstrukcije -
Razvrstitev in zahteve
Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures - Classification
and performance requirements
Klebstoffe, Phenoplaste und Aminoplaste, für tragende Holzbauteile - Klassifizierung und
Leistungsanforderungen
Adhésifs de nature phénolique et aminoplaste, pour structures portantes en bois -
Classification et exigences de performance
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 301
ICS:
83.180 Lepila Adhesives
91.080.20 Lesene konstrukcije Timber structures
oSIST prEN 301:2012 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 301:2012
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oSIST prEN 301:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 301 rev
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2011
ICS 83.180 Will supersede EN 301:2006
English Version
Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber
structures - Classification and performance requirements
Adhésifs de nature phénolique et aminoplaste, pour Klebstoffe, Phenoplaste und Aminoplaste, für tragende
structures portantes en bois - Classification et exigences de Holzbauteile - Klassifizierung und Leistungsanforderungen
performance
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 193.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 301 rev:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 301:2012
prEN 301:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
1 Scope. 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Classification . 6
5 Requirements . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Tensile shear test . 9
5.3 Delamination test . 10
5.4 Fibre damage test . 10
5.5 Shrinkage test . 11
5.6 Static load test . 11
5.7 Type testing of separate application finger joint adhesive . 11
6 Working properties of the adhesive . 11
6.1 General . 11
6.2 Physical properties of adhesive prepared for use . 12
6.3 Use of the adhesive . 12
2
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oSIST prEN 301:2012
prEN 301:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 301:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 193
“Adhesives”, the secretariat of which is held by AENOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 301:2006.
This document is one of a series dealing with phenolic and aminoplastic adhesives for use with timber
structures, and is published in support of EN 1995-1-1 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures – Part
1-1: General – Common rules and rules for buildings. The series consists one standard for
classification and performance requirements (EN 301), five test methods (EN 302 Parts 1 to 4 and EN
15416-2) used to assess the performance of adhesives after specified heat and humidity treatments,
and three test methods (EN 302 Parts 5 to 7) to characterize the working properties of the adhesive.
3
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oSIST prEN 301:2012
prEN 301:2011 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard establishes a classification for phenolic and aminoplastic polycondensation
adhesives according to their suitability for use for load-bearing timber structures in defined climatic
exposure conditions, and specifies performance requirements for such adhesives for the factory
manufacture or factory-like manufacturing conditions of load-bearing timber structures only.
This standard only specifies the performance of an adhesive for use in an environment corresponding
to the defined conditions.
The performance requirements of this standard apply to the adhesive only, not to the structure. This
standard does not cover the performance of adhesives for on-site gluing (except for factory-like
conditions) nor the production of wood-based panels, except solid wood panels, or modified and
stabilized wood with considerably reduced swelling and shrinkage properties, e.g. such as acetylated
wood, heat treated wood and polymer impregnated wood.
This standard is primarily intended for the use of adhesive manufacturers and for the use in timber
structures bonded with adhesives, to assess or control the quality of adhesives. The requirements
apply to the type testing of the adhesives. Production control activities are outside the scope of the
standard.
Adhesives meeting the requirements of this standard are adequate for use in a load-bearing structure,
provided that the bonding process has been carried out according to an appropriate product standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 302-1, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures – Test methods – Part 1: Determination of
1)
bond strength in longitudinal tensile shear strength
prEN 302-2, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures — Test methods — Part 2: Determination of
1)
resistance to delamination
prEN 302-3, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures — Test methods — Part 3: Determination of
the effect of acid damage to wood fibres by temperature and humidity cycling on the transverse
1)
tensile strength
prEN 302-4, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures — Test methods — Part 4: Determination of
1)
the effects of wood shrinkage on the shear strength
prEN 302-5, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures — Test methods — Part 5: Determination of
1)
conventional assembly time
prEN 302-6, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures — Test methods — Part 6: Determination of
1)
the conventional pressing time
prEN 302-7, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures — Test methods — Part 7: Determination of
1)
the conventional working life
1)
Under enquiry
4
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oSIST prEN 301:2012
prEN 301:2011 (E)
EN 391, Glued laminated timber — Delamination test of glue lines
EN 408, Timber structures — Structural timber and glued laminated timber — Determination of some
physical and mechanical properties
EN 923, Adhesives — Terms and definitions
EN 1245, Adhesives — Determination of pH
EN 1995-1-1, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures — Part 1-1: General — Common rules and
rules for buildings
EN 12092, Adhesives — Determination of viscosity
EN 15416-2, Adhesives for load bearing timber structures — Test methods — Part 2: Static load test
of multiple bondline specimens in compression shear
EN 15425, Adhesives — One component polyurethane for load bearing timber structures —
Classification and performance requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 923 and the
following apply.
3.1
aminoplastic resin
thermosetting synthetic resin derived from a condensation reaction of the –NH groups or –NH groups
2
of amines or amides with aldehydes
3.2
phenolic resin
thermosetting synthetic resin derived from a condensation reaction of a phenol with an aldehyde
3.3
polycondensation adhesive
adhesive mixture made from a resin formed by a polymerisation reaction involving the elimination of
water, usually with a hardener
NOTE Such adhesives usually also contain extenders and/or fillers.
3.4
service class 1
climatic conditions characterized by a moisture content in the materials corresponding to a
temperature of 20 °C and the relative humidity of the surrounding air only exceeding 65 % for a few
weeks per year
[EN 1995-1-1]
NOTE In service class 1, which comprises typical indoor conditions, the average moisture content in most
softwoods will not exceed 12 %.
5
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oSIST prEN 301:2012
prEN 301:2011 (E)
3.5
service class 2
climatic conditions characterized by a moisture content in the materials corresponding to a
temperature of 20 °C and the relative humidity of the surrounding air only exceeding 85 % for a few
weeks per year
[EN 1995-1-1]
NOTE In service class 2, to which most covered exterior conditions belong, the average moisture content in
most softwoods will not exceed 20 %.
3.6
service class 3
climatic conditions leading to higher moisture contents than in service class 2
[EN 1995-1-1]
NOTE Exterior conditions typically belong to service class 3.
3.7
glue line
adhesive layer between the wood members
[EN 1995-1-1]
3.8
bond
...
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