SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011

Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 3: Drills and tappers (ISO 11148-3:2010)

This standard applies to hand-held non-electric power tools driven by rotary or linear motors, powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and intended to be used by one operator and supported by: - the operator's hand or hands or a suspension, e. g. a balancer. - hand-held tools which are intended to be capable of being fixtured.

Handgehaltene nichtelektrisch betriebene Maschinen Sicherheitsanforderungen Teil 3: Bohrmaschinen und Gewindeschneider (ISO 11148-3:2010)

Der vorliegende Teil von ISO 11148 gilt für handgehaltene, nicht elektrisch betriebene Maschinen (im Folgenden als „Bohrmaschinen und Gewindeschneider“ bezeichnet), die für Drehbohren von Löchern in allen Arten von Werkstoffen, z. B. Holz, Metall, Beton, Kunststoffe usw. oder für das Schneiden und Säubern von Gewinden aus Metall und Kunststoff gedacht sind. Die Bohrmaschinen und Gewindeschneider können von Druckluft, Hydraulikflüssigkeit oder einem Verbrennungsmotor angetrieben werden und sind zum Gebrauch durch einen einzelnen Bediener vorgesehen und werden vom Bediener in seiner Hand oder seinen Händen gehalten, mit oder ohne eine Aufhängung, z. B. eine Ausgleichseinrichtung. Der vorliegende Teil von ISO 11148 ist anwendbar auf:
- Bohrmaschinen;
- Hochleistungsbohrmaschinen mit zwei Handgriffen;
- Gewindeschneider. ANMERKUNG 1 Anhang B enthält Beispiele für Bohrmaschinen und Gewindeschneider. Der vorliegende Teil von ISO 11148 ist nicht zutreffend für besondere Anforderungen und Änderungen an Bohrmaschinen oder Gewindeschneidern zum Zwecke des Spannens in eine Halterung. Der vorliegende Teil von ISO 11148 behandelt alle signifikanten Gefährdungen, gefährliche Situationen oder Ereignisse, die beim vorgesehenen Gebrauch von Bohrmaschinen und Gewindeschneidern sowie unter Bedingungen vom Hersteller vorhersehbaren Missbrauchs auftreten können; ausgenommen die Verwendung in explosionsfähigen Atmosphären. ANMERKUNG 2 EN 13463-1 enthält Anforderungen an nicht elektrisch betriebene Geräte für den Einsatz in explosionsfähigen Atmosphären.

Machines portatives à moteur non électrique - Exigences de sécurité - Partie 3: Perceuses et taraudeuses (ISO 11148-3:2010)

L'ISO 11148-3:2010 s'applique aux machines portatives à moteur non électrique (appelées dans le reste du texte perceuse et taraudeuse) destinées au perçage de trous dans tout type de matériau comme le bois, le métal, le béton, le plastique, etc. ou au taraudage et au nettoyage de filetages dans les métaux et les plastiques. Les perceuses et les taraudeuses peuvent être alimentées par air comprimé, fluide hydraulique ou moteurs à combustion interne et sont prévues pour être utilisées par un seul opérateur ou portées par la ou les mains de l'opérateur avec ou sans suspension, par exemple à l'aide d'un équilibreur.
L'ISO 11148-3:2010 couvre les perceuses, les perceuses pour travaux lourds à deux poignées et les taraudeuses.
L'ISO 11148-3:2010 ne couvre pas les exigences spécifiques et les modifications des perceuses et des taraudeuses destinées à être montées sur un châssis.
L'ISO 11148-3:2010 traite de tous les phénomènes dangereux, situations dangereuses ou événements dangereux significatifs, à l'exception des perceuses et taraudeuses destinées à être utilisées dans une atmosphère potentiellement explosible, lorsqu'elles sont utilisées normalement et lorsqu'elles font l'objet d'un mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisible par le fabricant.

Neelektrična ročna orodja - Varnostne zahteve - 3. del: Vrtalniki in stroji za vrezovanje navojev (ISO 11148-3:2010)

Ta standard velja za neelektrična ročna orodja, gnana z rotacijskimi ali linearnimi motorji, ki so gnani na stisnjeni zrak, s hidravlično tekočino ali z motorji z notranjim zgorevanjem, in so namenjena uporabi operaterja in so podprta z - roko ali rokami operaterja ali obešala, npr. balanserja; - ročnimi orodji, ki jih je mogoče pritrditi.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Sep-2008
• Publication Date: 05-May-2011
• Withdrawal Date: 16-Apr-2013
• ICS: 25.140.10 - Pneumatic tools
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 09-Apr-2013
• Due Date: 02-May-2013
• Completion Date: 17-Apr-2013
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: EN ISO 11148-3:2010 - Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 3: Drills and tappers (ISO 11148-3:2010)

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN 792-3:2000 - Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 3: Drills and tappers
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2008
• Replaced By: SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2013 - Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 3: Drills and tappers (ISO 11148-3:2012)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Replaced By: SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2013 - Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 3: Drills and tappers (ISO 11148-3:2012)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
01-junij-2011
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 792-3:2000+A1:2008
1HHOHNWULþQDURþQDRURGMD9DUQRVWQH]DKWHYHGHO9UWDOQLNLLQVWURML]D
YUH]RYDQMHQDYRMHY,62
Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 3: Drills and tappers
(ISO 11148-3:2010)
Handgehaltene nichtelektrisch betriebene Maschinen Sicherheitsanforderungen Teil 3:
Bohrmaschinen und Gewindeschneider (ISO 11148-3:2010)
Machines portatives à moteur non électrique - Exigences de sécurité - Partie 3:
Perceuses et taraudeuses (ISO 11148-3:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 11148-3:2010
ICS:
25.140.10 3QHYPDWLþQDRURGMD Pneumatic tools
SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011


EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 11148-3

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2010
ICS 25.140.10 Supersedes EN 792-3:2000+A1:2008
English Version
Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part
3: Drills and tappers (ISO 11148-3:2010)
Machines portatives à moteur non électrique - Exigences Handgehaltene nicht elektrisch betriebene Maschinen -
de sécurité - Partie 3: Perceuses et taraudeuses (ISO Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 3: Bohrmaschinen und
11148-3:2010) Gewindeschneider (ISO 11148-3:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2010.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 11148-3:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
EN ISO 11148-3:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .4

2

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
EN ISO 11148-3:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 11148-3:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 118
"Compressors and pneumatic tools, machines and equipment" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 255 “Hand-held, non-electric power tools - Safety” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by April 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 792-3:2000+A1:2008.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 11148-3:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 11148-3:2010 without any
modification.

3

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
EN ISO 11148-3:2010 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this
standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the
corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive except ER 1.5.7 and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.
4

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11148-3
First edition
2010-10-01


Hand-held non-electric power tools —
Safety requirements —
Part 3:
Drills and tappers
Machines portatives à moteur non électrique — Exigences de
sécurité —
Partie 3: Perceuses et taraudeuses





Reference number
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .2
3.1 General definitions .2
3.2 Definitions related to drills and tappers.4
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures.5
4.1 General .5
4.2 Mechanical safety.5
4.3 Thermal safety .6
4.4 Noise.6
4.5 Vibration .6
4.6 Materials and substances processed, used or exhausted.7
4.7 Ergonomics.7
4.8 Controls.8
5 Verification .9
5.1 General conditions for tests.9
5.2 Noise.9
5.3 Vibration .9
5.4 Unintentional start.9
5.5 Power tool construction .9
5.6 Structure of verification of safety requirements .10
6 Information for use.11
6.1 Marking, signs and written warnings .11
6.2 Instruction handbook.11
6.3 Operating instructions.17
6.4 Data.17
6.5 Maintenance instructions .18
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards .19
Annex B (informative) Examples of drills and tappers covered by this part of ISO 11148 .20
Annex C (normative) Symbols for labels and signs.22
Annex D (normative) Additional safety requirements related to internal combustion engine power
tools .23
Bibliography.27

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11148-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 118, Compressors and pneumatic tools,
machines and equipment, Subcommittee SC 3, Pneumatic tools and machines.
ISO 11148 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hand-held non-electric power tools — Safety
requirements:
⎯ Part 1: Assembly power tools for non-threaded mechanical fasteners
⎯ Part 2: Cutting-off and crimping power tools
⎯ Part 3: Drills and tappers
⎯ Part 4: Non-rotary percussive power tools
⎯ Part 5: Rotary percussive drills
⎯ Part 6: Assembly power tools for threaded fasteners
⎯ Part 7: Grinders
⎯ Part 8: Sanders and polishers
⎯ Part 9: Die grinders
⎯ Part 10: Compression power tools
⎯ Part 11: Nibblers and shears
⎯ Part 12: Circular, oscillating and reciprocating saws
A part 13, dealing with fastener driving tools, is under preparation.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
Introduction
This document is a type C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
defined in the Scope of this part of ISO 11148.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those that are stated in type A or B standards, the
requirements of this type C standard take precedence over the requirements of other standards for machines
that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type C standard.
ISO 11148 consists of a number of independent parts for individual types of hand-held, non-electric power
tools.
Certain elements of this part of ISO 11148 cover hand-held, non-electric power tools driven by internal
combustion engines powered by gaseous or liquid fuel. In these parts, the safety aspects relating to internal
combustion engines are found in a normative annex.
The parts are type C standards and refer to pertinent standards of types A and B where such standards are
applicable.

© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11148-3:2010(E)

Hand-held non-electric power tools — Safety requirements —
Part 3:
Drills and tappers
IMPORTANT — The electronic file of this document contains colours that are considered useful for the
correct understanding of the document. Users should consider printing this document using a colour
printer. ISO 3864-1 provides colorimetric and photometric properties together with, as a guideline,
references from colour order systems.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 11148 applies to hand-held non-electric power tools (hereafter referred to as “drills and
tappers”) intended for rotary drilling of holes in all kinds of material, e.g. wood, metal, concrete, plastics, etc.,
or for tapping and cleaning threads in metal and plastics. The drills and tappers can be powered by
compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and are intended for use by one operator and
supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer.
This part of ISO 11148 is applicable to
⎯ drills;
⎯ heavy duty drills with two handles;
⎯ tappers.
NOTE 1 For examples of drills and tappers, see Annex B.
This part of ISO 11148 is not applicable to special requirements and modifications of drills and tappers for the
purpose of mounting them in fixtures.
This part of ISO 11148 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events when drills
and tappers are used as intended and under conditions of misuse that are reasonably foreseeable by the
manufacturer, with the exception of their use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
NOTE 2 EN 13463-1 gives requirements for non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres.
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3857-3, Compressors, pneumatic tools and machines — Vocabulary — Part 3: Pneumatic tools and
machines
ISO 3864-2, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 2: Design principles for product
safety labels
ISO 4871, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
ISO 5391, Pneumatic tools and machines — Vocabulary
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Index and synopsis
ISO 9158, Road vehicles — Nozzle spouts for unleaded gasoline
ISO 9159, Road vehicles — Nozzle spouts for leaded gasoline and diesel fuel
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces
ISO 13732-3, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces — Part 3: Cold surfaces
ISO 15744, Hand-held non-electric power tools — Noise measurement code — Engineering method (grade 2)
ISO 17066, Hydraulic tools — Vocabulary
ISO 20643, Mechanical vibration — Hand-held and hand-guided machinery — Principles for evaluation of
vibration emission
ISO 28927-5, Hand-held portable power tools — Test methods for evaluation of vibration emission —
Part 5: Drills and impact drills
NOTE ISO 28927-5 does not apply to tappers.
EN 12096, Mechanical vibration — Declaration and verification of vibration emission values
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100, ISO 3857-3, ISO 5391 and
ISO 17066 (for hydraulic tools), and the following apply.
3.1 General definitions
3.1.1
hand-held power tool
machine operated by one or two hands and driven by rotary or linear motors powered by compressed air,
hydraulic fluid, gaseous or liquid fuel, electricity or stored energy (e.g. by a spring) to do mechanical work and
so designed that the motor and the mechanism form an assembly that can easily be brought to its place of
operation
NOTE Hand-held power tools driven by compressed air or gas are called pneumatic tools (or air tools). Hand-held
power tools driven by hydraulic liquid are called hydraulic tools.
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
3.1.2
inserted tool
tool inserted in the drill or tapper to perform the intended work
3.1.3
service tool
tool intended for performing maintenance or service on the drill or tapper
3.1.4
control device
device to start and stop the drill or tapper or to change the direction of the rotation or to control the functional
characteristics such as speed and power
3.1.5
start-and-stop device
throttle
manually operated control on the drill or tapper by which the energy supply to the motor can be turned on and
off
3.1.6
hold-to-run start-and-stop device
constant-pressure throttle
start-and-stop device that automatically returns to the OFF position when the force on the start-and-stop
device actuator is released
3.1.7
lock-on start-and-stop device
constant pressure throttle with instant release lock
hold-to-run start-and-stop device which can be locked in the ON position and designed so that it permits the
drill or tapper to be turned off by a single motion of the same finger or fingers used to turn it on
3.1.8
lock-off start-and-stop device
lock-off throttle
start-and-stop device that automatically latches in the OFF position when the actuator is released and where
two motions are required to energize the drill or tapper
3.1.9
positive on-off start-and-stop device
positive on-off throttle
start-and-stop device that remains in an ON position until it is manually changed
3.1.10
maximum operating pressure
maximum pressure at which a drill or tapper may be operated
3.1.11
whip hose
air hose connecting the main air hose with an air tool for the purpose of providing more flexibility
3.1.12
rated air pressure
air pressure, required at an air tool inlet port to assure rated performance of the tool, also considered the
maximum pressure at which the tool may be operated
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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
3.1.13 Rated speed
3.1.13.1
rated speed
〈pneumatic tool〉 speed of an air tool at no load and rated air pressure at the tool inlet port
NOTE The rated speed is expressed in revolutions per minute.
3.1.13.2
rated speed
〈hydraulic tool〉 nominal speed of a hydraulic tool at no load and rated flow at the tool inlet port
NOTE The rated speed is expressed in revolutions per minute.
3.1.14
maximum attainable speed
maximum speed which the tool can achieve under the most adverse condition of possible maladjustment or
malfunction of its speed control devices, when supplied with compressed air at the pressure marked on the
drill or tapper
3.1.15
suspension device
device, which is attached to the tool, whose primary purpose is to reduce the strain on the operator caused by
the weight of the tool
NOTE The device may also have a secondary purpose of transmitting a reaction torque.
3.2 Definitions related to drills and tappers
3.2.1
drill
rotary power tool driving an output spindle, typically through a gearbox
NOTE The output spindle is normally fitted with chuck or Morse taper, or another socket into which is fitted an
inserted tool, e.g. drill bit or reamer, making the drill or tapper suitable for drilling, reaming, tube expanding and for boring
in metal, wood and other materials.
3.2.2
drill bit
inserted tool for drilling operation
3.2.3
reamer
inserted tool for reaming operation
3.2.4
tap
inserted tool for tapping operation
3.2.5
tapper
power tool with a rotary spindle for the tapping of threaded holes; the rotation of the spindle is reversible
3.2.6
reaction bar
mechanical component attached to or forming part of the tool for the sole purpose of transmitting a reaction
torque
4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General
The machine shall comply with the following safety requirements and/or protective measures and be verified
in accordance with Clause 5. In addition, the machine shall be designed in accordance with the principles of
ISO 12100 for relevant, but not necessarily significant, hazards, which are dealt with by this part of ISO 11148.
The measures adopted to comply with the requirements of Clause 4 shall take account of the state-of-the-art.
It is recognized that optimizing the design with respect to some safety measures can result in a degradation of
performance against other safety requirements. In such cases, it is required to strike a balance between the
various requirements in order to achieve a drill or tapper design that satisfies each requirement, so far as is
reasonably practicable, and remains fit for purpose.
4.2 Mechanical safety
4.2.1 Surfaces, edges and corners
Accessible parts of the drills and tappers shall not have sharp edges or angles or rough or abrasive surfaces;
see ISO 12100:2010, 6.2.2.1.
4.2.2 Supporting surface and stability
The drill or tapper shall be so designed that it can be laid aside and remain in a stable position on a plane
surface.
4.2.3 Chuck keys and service tools
Chuck keys and service tools used with drilling and tapping chucks shall be so designed that they drop easily
out of position when released. They may be fixed to the drill or tapper by design, e.g. clip, but not by a chain
or string or other similar means. The avoidance of entanglement should be considered; see 6.2.2.5.
4.2.4 Hydraulic fluid ejection
Hydraulic systems of the drills and tappers shall be enclosed so as to give protection against high-pressure
fluid ejection.
4.2.5 Guards
Guards covering the chuck and the inserted tools are not required.
4.2.6 Spindles
4.2.6.1 Spindle threads
When threaded spindles are used, the thread direction shall be such that the chuck or attachment shall tend to
tighten during tool operation, or a means shall be provided to secure the chuck.
4.2.6.2 Reversible tools
Spindles for reversible tools shall be designed to drive the chuck in both directions without loosening the
chuck and mounting. If a threaded spindle is used, a means shall be provided to secure the chuck.
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 5

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SIST EN ISO 11148-3:2011
ISO 11148-3:2010(E)
4.2.7 Power tool construction
The drill or tapper shall be so designed and constructed as to prevent the loosening or loss of components
during expected use, including rough handling and occasional dropping, which can compromise its safety
functions. Verification shall be made in accordance with 5.5.
4.3 Thermal safety
Surface temperatures of parts of the drills and tappers that are held during use or that can be inadvertently
touched shall follow the provisions of ISO 13732-1 and ISO 13732-3.
Pneumatic tools shall be designed to avoid the cooling effects of exhaust air on the handles and other gripping
zones.
4.4 Noise
The drill or tapper shall be designed and constructed so that the emission of noise is reduced to the lowest
level, taking account of technical progress and the availability of means of reducing noise, in particular at the
source. Principles for designing drills and tappers with reduced noise emission are contained in
ISO/TR 11688-1 and ISO/TR 11688-2.
The noise emission from using drills and tappers has three main sources:
⎯ the drill or tapper itself;
⎯ the inserted tool;
⎯ the workpiece.
NOTE 1 Generally, the noise emitted due to the characteristics of the workpiece cannot be controlled directly by the
manufacturer of the drill or tapper.
Typical sources of noise emitted by the drill or tapper itself are
a) the motor and drive mechanism;
b) the exhaust air or gases;
c) the vibration- or impact-induced noise.
Where the exhaust air or gases are the major contributor to the noise, means to reduce the noise, for example
a silencer or equivalent means, shall be included in the design.
NOTE 2 Alternatively, where practicable, the exhaust
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
01-september-2008
1HHOHNWULþQDURþQDRURGMD9DUQRVWQH]DKWHYHGHO9UWDOQLNLLQVWURML]D
YUH]RYDQMHQDYRMHY,62',6
Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part 3: Drills and tappers
(ISO/DIS 11148-3:2008)
Handgehaltene nichtelektrisch betriebene Maschinen Sicherheitsanforderungen Teil 3:
Bohrmaschinen und Gewindeschneider (ISO/DIS 11148-3:2008)
Machines portatives à moteur non électrique - Exigences de sécurité - Partie 3:
Perceuses et taraudeuses (ISO/DIS 11148-3:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 11148-3
ICS:
25.140.10 3QHYPDWLþQDRURGMD Pneumatic tools
oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 11148-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2008
ICS 25.140.01 Will supersede EN 792-3:2000
English Version
Hand-held non-electric power tools - Safety requirements - Part
3: Drills and tappers (ISO/DIS 11148-3:2008)
Machines portatives à moteur non électrique - Exigences Handgehaltene nichtelektrisch betriebene Maschinen
de sécurité - Partie 3: Perceuses et taraudeuses (ISO/DIS Sicherheitsanforderungen Teil 3: Bohrmaschinen und
11148-3:2008) Gewindeschneider (ISO/DIS 11148-3:2008)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 255.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 11148-3:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
prEN ISO 11148-3:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3

2

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
prEN ISO 11148-3:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 11148-3:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 118
"Compressors, pneumatic tools and pneumatic machines" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 255 “Hand-held, non-electric power tools - Safety” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 792-3:2000.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, B, C or D, which is an integral part of this
document.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/DIS 11148-3:2008 has been approved by CEN as a prEN ISO 11148-3:2008 without any
modification.

3

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 11148-3
ISO/TC 118/SC 3 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2008-06-05 2008-11-05
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Hand-held non-electric power tools — Safety requirements —
Part 3:
Drills and tappers
Machines portatives à moteur non électrique — Exigences de sécurité —
Partie 3: Perceuses et taraudeuses
ICS 25.140.10

ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
The CEN Secretary-General has advised the ISO Secretary-General that this ISO/DIS covers a subject
of interest to European standardization. In accordance with the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as
defined in the Vienna Agreement, consultation on this ISO/DIS has the same effect for CEN
members as would a CEN enquiry on a draft European Standard. Should this draft be accepted, a
final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month FDIS
vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©
International Organization for Standardization, 2008

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
PDF disclaimer
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Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user's country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
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Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO's
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Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
©
ii ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .4
3.1 General definitions.4
3.2 Definitions related to drills and tappers.5
4 List of hazards .6
5 Safety requirements and measures.8
5.1 General .8
5.2 Mechanical safety.8
5.3 Thermal safety .9
5.4 Noise.9
5.5 Vibration .10
5.6 Materials and substances processed, used or exhausted.10
5.7 Ergonomics.10
5.8 Safety related measures and means .11
6 Verification .13
6.1 Noise.13
6.2 Vibration .13
6.3 Unintentional start.13
6.4 Power tool housing .13
6.5 Structure of verification.13
7 Information for use.15
7.1 Marking, signs and written warnings .15
7.2 Instruction handbook.15
7.3 Operating instructions.20
7.4 Data.20
7.5 Maintenance instruction .21
Annex A (informative) Examples of drills and tappers covered by this part.22
Annex B .24
B.1 Symbols for labels and signs (normative).24
B.2 (informative) Symbols for labels and signs.24
Bibliography.25

© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11148-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 118, Compressors and pneumatic tools,
machines and equipment, Subcommittee SC 3, Pneumatic tools and machines.
ISO 11148 consists of the following parts, under the general title Hand-held non-electronic power tools –
Safety requirements
Part 1 - Assembly power tools for non-threaded mechanical fasteners
Part 2 - Cutting-off and crimping power tools
Part 3 - Drills and tappers
Part 4 - Non rotary percussive power tools
Part 5 - Rotary, percussive power drills
Part 6 - Assembly power tools for threaded fasteners
Part 7 - Grinders
Part 8 - Sanders and polishers
Part 9 - Die grinders
Part 10 - Compression power tools
Part 11 - Nibblers and shears
Part 12 - Circular, oscillating and reciprocating saws
Part 13 - Fastener driving tools
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
Introduction
This International Standard is a type C standard as stated in ISO 12100-1.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of other standards, for machines that
have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
The Standard consists of a number of independent parts for individual types of hand-held non-electric power
tools.
Other standards deal with safety rules for hand-held power tools used in e. g. the following fields:
⎯ agriculture and forestry such as chain saws, hedge-trimmers, brush cutters, grass trimmers
⎯ construction and building such as cutting-off power tools, concrete vibrators
⎯ food industry, such as fowl secateurs, sheep shears.
Endeavours have been made to achieve co-ordination with the relevant Technical Committees so that the
safety requirements are compatible.
This standard is divided in the following parts:
Part 1 - Assembly power tools for non-threaded mechanical fasteners (former part 14)
Part 2 - Cutting-off and crimping power tools (former part 15)
Part 3 - Drills and tappers
Part 4 - Non rotary percussive power tools
Part 5 - Rotary, percussive power drills
Part 6 - Assembly power tools for threaded fasteners
Part 7 - Grinders
Part 8 - Sanders and polishers
Part 9 - Die grinders
Part 10 - Compression power tools
Part 11 - Nibblers and shears
Part 12 - Circular, oscillating and reciprocating saws
Part 13 - Fastener driving tools
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
Certain parts of the series cover hand-held non-electric power tools, driven by internal combustion engines
powered by gaseous or liquid fuel. In these parts, the safety aspects relating to internal combustion engines
are found in a normative annex.
The parts are type C standards and refer to pertinent Standards of type A and B where such standards are
applicable.
vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 11148-3

Hand-held non-electric power tools — Safety requirements —
Part 3:
Drills and tappers
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to hand-held non-electric power tools driven by rotary or linear motors,
powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and intended to be used by one
operator and supported by:
⎯ the operator's hand or hands or a suspension, e. g. a balancer.
⎯ hand-held tools which are intended to be capable of being fixtured.
Compliance with this standard on its own does not imply that power tools are suitable for use in potentially
explosive atmospheres, for which additional safety measures are likely to be required.
NOTE: EN 13463-1 gives requirements for non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres.
This part, applies to hand-held non-electric power tools used for rotary drilling of holes in all kinds of material,
e.g. wood, metal, concrete, plastics etc. and tappers for tapping and cleaning threads in metal and plastics.
This part lists the significant hazards caused by drills and tappers and specifies safety requirements valid for
different aspects of safety during their foreseeable lifetime.
Power tools covered by this part of the standard:
⎯ drills
⎯ heavy duty drills with two handles
⎯ tappers.
For examples of drills and tappers see annex A.
Special requirements and modifications on drills or tappers for the purpose of mounting it in a fixture are not
covered by this part.
NOTE: At the date of publication no drills and tappers driven by internal combustion engines are known. When these are
identified the standard will be amended to include such powered tools.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3

2 Normative references
This Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter.
For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of the publications referred to in this
Standard are valid only when they are incorporated in this standard by amendment or revision. For undated
references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
CR 1030-1, Hand-arm vibrations - Guidelines for vibration hazards reduction - Part 1: Engineering methods by
design of machinery
EN 614-1, Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 1: Terminology and general principles
EN 894-3, Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation
EN 12096, Mechanical vibration - Declaration and verification of vibration emission values
EN 13463-1, Non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres – Part 1: Basic method and
requirements
IEC 61310-1, Safety of machinery - Indicating, marking and actuating principles - Part 1: Visual, audible and
tactile symbols
IEC 61310-2, Safety of machinery - Indicating, marking and actuating principles - Part 2: Marking principles
ISO 3857-3, Compressors, Pneumatic tools and machines, Vocabulary - Part 3: Pneumatic tools and
machines
ISO 3864-2, Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Part 2: Design principles for product
safety labels
ISO 4871, Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
ISO 5391, Pneumatic tools and machines – Vocabulary
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Index and synopsis
ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology
ISO 12100-2, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles
and specifications
ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment -- Methods for the assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces -- Part 1: Hot surfaces
ISO 13732-3, Ergonomics of the thermal environment -- Methods for the assessment of human responses to
contact with surfaces -- Part 3: Cold surfaces
ISO 15744, Acoustics - Noise test code for hand held non-electric power tools - Engineering method
ISO 17066, Hydraulic tools – Vocabulary
ISO 28927-5, Hand-held power tools - Test code for evaluation of vibration emission – Part 5: Drills and
impact drills
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
NOTE: ISO 28927-5 does not apply to tappers.
ISO/TR 11688-1, Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment -
Part 1: Planning
ISO/TR 11688-2, Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment -
Part 2: Noise generation principles.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100-1 ISO 3857-3, ISO 5391 and
for hydraulic tools ISO 17066 and the following apply.
3.1 General definitions
3.1.1
hand-held power tool
Machine driven by rotary or linear motors powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid, gaseous or liquid fuel,
electricity or stored energy (e.g. by a spring) to do mechanical work and so designed that the motor and the
mechanism form an assembly that can easily be brought to its place of operation. The hand-held power tool is
operated by one or two hands.
NOTE: Hand-held power tools driven by compressed air or gas are called pneumatic tools. Hand-held power tools driven
by hydraulic fluid are called hydraulic tools.
3.1.2
rotary power tool
Hand-held power tool the machine spindle of which rotates.
3.1.3
inserted tool
Tool inserted in the hand-held power tool to perform the intended work.
3.1.4
service tool
Tool intended for performing maintenance or service on the hand-held power tool.
3.1.5
control device
Device to start and stop the hand-held power tool or to change the direction of the rotation or to control the
functional characteristics such as speed and power.
3.1.6
maximum operating pressure
Maximum pressure that a hand-held power tool may be operated at, as specified by the manufacturer.
3.1.7
whip hose
Air hose, connected between the main air hose and an air tool for the purpose of providing more flexibility.
3.1.8
start and stop device
throttle
A manually operated control on the tool by which air flow through the motor can be turned on and off.
3.1.9
hold to run start and stop device
constant pressure throttle
A start and stop device which automatically returns to the OFF position when force on the start and stop
device actuator is released (hold to run in ISO).
3.1.10
lock-on start and stop device
constant pressure throttle device with instant release lock
A hold to run start and stop device which can be locked in the on position. Such a lock shall be designed to
permit the tool to be turned off by a single motion of the same finger or fingers used to turn it on.
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
3.1.11
lock off start and stop device
lock off throttle
A start and stop device that automatically latches in the off position when the actuator is released. Two
motions shall be required to energize the tool (“safety lever”).
3.1.12
positive on-off start and stop device
A start and stop device that remains in an on position until it is manually changed.
3.2 Definitions related to drills and tappers
3.2.1
drill
Rotary power tool driving an output spindle, typically through a gearbox.
NOTE: The output spindle is normally fitted with chuck, or Morse taper or other socket, into which is fitted an inserted tool
e.g. drill bit, reamer, making the power tool suitable for drilling, reaming, tube expanding and for boring in metal, wood and
other materials.
3.2.2
drill bit
Inserted tool for drilling operation.
3.2.3
reamer
Inserted tool for reaming operation
3.2.4
tap
Inserted tool for tapping operation
3.2.5
tapper
Power tool with a rotary spindle for the tapping of threaded holes in metal or other material, the rotation of the
spindle is reversible.
3.2.6
reaction bar
A mechanical component attached to or forming part of the tool for the sole purpose of transmitting a reaction
torque.
3.2.7
suspension device
A device attached to the tool whose primary purpose is to reduce the strain on the operator caused by the
weight of the tool. The device may also have a secondary purpose of transmitting a reaction torque.
3.2.8
rated speed, r/min
The nominal speed, in revolutions per minute, of an air tool at no load and rated air pressure at the tool inlet
port.
For other terms, see ISO 12100-1 and also ISO 3857-3, ISO 5391 and for hydraulic tools ISO 17066.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 5

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
4 List of hazards
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with
in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require
action to eliminate or reduce the risk. The following hazards can occur in the use of drills and tappers.
Table 1 — List of Hazards
Hazard type Reference to safety requirement
By design or Information
guarding for use
4.1 Mechanical hazards
- cutting   5.2.1
- drawing in or trapping (caused by hair, clothing etc. 7.2.4
getting entangled in a rotating power tool)

- friction or abrasion hazard
5.2.1
- whipping hose
7.2.4
- ejection from high pressure hydraulic systems
5.2.4
- ejection of parts
7.2.2.3; 7.2.2.4 7.2.2
- loss of stability
5.2.2
- hose and hose coupling specifications
7.2.4
4.2 Electrical hazards 7.2.4
4.3 Thermal hazards
- explosions 5.3
- health damage due to hot or cold surfaces 5.3
4.4 Hazards caused by noise 5.4 7.2.4
4.5 Hazards generated by vibration 5.5 7.2.4
4.6 Hazards generated by materials and substances
processed, used or exhausted

- inhalation of harmful dust and fumes
5.6.2
- exhaust air
5.6.1
- lubricants
5.6.3 7.2.5
- hydraulic fluid
7.2.6

4.7 Hazards caused by neglecting ergonomic principles
- repetitive strain injuries
- unsuitable postures 5.7.1, 5.7.2, 5.7.3,
- inadequate grip design and tool balance 7.2.4
- effects of reaction forces upon operator 5.7.1
- neglected use of personal protection equipment 5.7.4
7.2.4
4.8 Hazards caused by the energy supply
- unexpected return of energy supply after a breakdown 7.2.2
6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

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oSIST prEN ISO 11148-3:2008
ISO/DIS 11148-3
- discharge of high pressure air or hydraulic fluid
- incorrect hydraulic fluid flow and outlet pressure 7.2.5, 7.2.6
7.2.4
4.9 Hazards caus
...