SIST EN ISO 22476-3:2005
(Main)Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 3: Standard penetration test (ISO 22476-3:2005)
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 3: Standard penetration test (ISO 22476-3:2005)
This document specifies requirements for indirect investigations of soil by standard penetration test as part of the geotechnical investigation services according to prEN 1997-1 and prEN 1997-2 to compliment direct investigations (e.g. sampling according to prEN ISO 22475-1). The standard penetration test aims to determine the resistance of soils at the base of a borehole to the dynamic penetration of a split barrel sampler and the recovering of disturbed samples for identification purposes (SPT). In gravelly soils and in soft rocks a solid cone is also be used (SPT(C)). The standard penetration test is used mainly to assess the strength and deformation parameters of cohesionless soils, but some valuable data may also be obtained in other soil types. The basis of the test consists in driving a sampler by dropping a hammer of 63,5 kg mass on to an anvil or drive head from a height of 760 mm. The number of blows (N) necessary to achieve a penetration of the sampler of 300 mm (after its penetration under gravity and below a seating drive) is the penetration resistance.
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 3: Standard Penetration Test (ISO 22476-3:2005)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 3 : Essais de pénétration au carottier (ISO 22476-3:2005)
Cette norme européenne précise spécifie les regles exigences pour les investigations directes indirectes du sol terrain par essais de pénétration au carottier dans le cadre des investigations reconnaissances géotechniques selon l'ENV 1997.
L'essai de pénétration au carottier est utilisé essentiellement pour déterminer les caractéristiques de résistance et de déformation des sols pulvérulentsterrains sans cohésion, mais d'autres données importantes peuvent aussi etre obtenues dans d'autres types de solterrain.
Il décrit concerne la détermination a la base d'un trou de forage de la résistance des sols terrains a la base d'un trou de forage jusqu'a a la pénétration dynamique d'un carottier en deux demi-coquilles et le la récupérationprélevement d'échantillons perturbés remaniés dans un but d'identification.
La base du testLe principe de l'essai consiste a enfoncer un appareil d'échantillonnagecarottier en laissant tomber un mouton (marteau) d'une masse de 63,5 kg sur une enclume ou une tete de battage depuis d'une hauteur de 760 mm. Le nombre de coups (N) nécessaires pour effectuer une pénétration de l'appareil d'échantillonnage faire pénétrer le carottier de 300 mm (apres sa pénétration sous son propre poids par gravité et au-dessous de la base d'appuiet apres un enfoncement d'amorçage) constitue la résistance de pénétrationdynamique.
Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje – Preskušanje na terenu – 3. del: Standardni penetracijski preskus (ISO 22476-3:2005)
Ta dokument določa zahteve za posredno preiskovanje prsti s standardnim penetracijskim poskusom kot delom storitev geotehničnega preiskovanja v skladu s standardoma prEN 1997-1 in prEN 1997-2 za dopolnitev neposrednega preiskovanja (npr. vzorčenja v skladu s prEN ISO 22475-1). Standardni penetracijski preskus je namenjen za določevanje odpornosti prsti na dnu vrtine na dinamično penetracijo z dvodelnim votlim vzorčevalnikom in zbiranje porušenih vzorcev za namene identifikacije (SPT). Za gramozne prsti in mehke kamnine se lahko uporabi tudi polni konus (SPT(C)). Standardni penetracijski preskus se večinoma uporablja za oceno trdnostnih in deformacijskih parametrov nekohezivnih prsti, vendar omogoča pridobivanje nekaterih pomembnih podatkov tudi v drugih tipih prsti. Osnova testa je zabitje vzorčevalnika v tla s spuščanjem kladiva z maso 63,5 kg na nakovalo ali glavo z višine 760 mm. Število udarcev (N), potrebnih za penetracijo vzorčevalnika do globine 300 mm (brez penetracije zaradi gravitacije in namestitvenega udarca) je penetracijski odpor.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22476-3:2005
01-maj-2005
*HRWHKQLþQRSUHLVNRYDQMHLQSUHVNXãDQMH±3UHVNXãDQMHQDWHUHQX±GHO
6WDQGDUGQLSHQHWUDFLMVNLSUHVNXV ,62
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 3: Standard penetration test
(ISO 22476-3:2005)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 3: Standard
Penetration Test (ISO 22476-3:2005)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 3 : Essais de
pénétration au carottier (ISO 22476-3:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22476-3:2005
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
SIST EN ISO 22476-3:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 22476-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2005
ICS 93.020
English version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 3:
Standard penetration test (ISO 22476-3:2005)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
- Partie 3 : Essais de pénétration au carottier (ISO 22476- Felduntersuchungen - Teil 3: Standard penetration test
3:2005) (ISO 22476-3:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 November 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22476-3:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN ISO 22476-3:2005 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .4
4 Equipment .5
5 Test Procedure.7
6 Test results.8
7 Reporting .8
Annex A (informative) Correction factors .11
A.1 Energy delivered to the drive rods.11
A.2 Energy losses due to the length of rods .11
A.3 Other correction factors.11
A.4 Effect of overburden pressure in sands.12
A.5 Use of the correction factors.12
Annex B (informative) Recommended method to measure the actual energy .14
B.1 Principle.14
B.2 Equipment .14
B.3 Measurements.14
B.4 Calculation.15
Bibliography .17
2
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EN ISO 22476-3:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 22476-3:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical
investigation and testing”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee
ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics”.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by July 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
July 2005.
EN ISO 22476 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing has the following parts:
Part 1: Electrical cone and piezocone penetration tests
Part 2: Dynamic probing
Part 3: Standard penetration test
Part 4: Menard pressuremeter test
Part 5: Flexible dilatometer test
Part 6: Self-boring pressuremeter test
Part 7: Borehole jack test
Part 8: Full displacement pressuremeter test
Part 9: Field vane test
Part 10: Weight sounding test
Part 11: Flat dilatometer test
Part 12: Lefranc permeability test
Part 13: Water pressure tests in rock
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
3
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EN ISO 22476-3:2005 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for indirect investigations of soil by standard penetration test as part of
geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2 to compliment direct investigations
(e.g. sampling according to prEN ISO 22475-1).
The standard penetration test aims to determine the resistance of soils at the base of a borehole to the dynamic
penetration of a split barrel sampler and the recovering of disturbed samples for identification purposes (SPT). In
gravelly soils and in soft rocks a solid cone is also be used (SPT(C)).
The standard penetration test is used mainly to assess the strength and deformation parameters of cohesionless
soils, but some valuable data may also be obtained in other soil types.
The basis of the test consists in driving a sampler by dropping a hammer of 63,5 kg mass on to an anvil or drive
head from a height of 760 mm. The number of blows (N) necessary to achieve a penetration of the sampler of
300 mm (after its penetration under gravity and below a seating drive) is the penetration resistance.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
prEN ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Sampling by drilling and excavation methods and
groundwater measurements — Part 1: Technical principles for execution (ISO/DIS 22475-1:2004)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
anvil or drive head
that portion of the drive-weight assembly that the hammer strikes and through which the hammer energy passes into
the drive rods
3.2
hammer
portion of the drive-weight assembly consisting of the 63,5 kg impact weight which is successively lifted and
dropped to provide the energy that accomplishes the penetration and sampling
3.3
height of fall
free fall of the hammer after being released
3.4
drive-weight assembly
device consisting of the hammer, the hammer fall guide, the anvil and the drop system
3.5
drive rods
rods that connect the drive-weight assembly to the sampler
3.6
actual energy
E
meas
energy delivered by the drive-weight assembly into the drive rod, immediately below the anvil, as measured
4
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EN ISO 22476-3:2005 (E)
3.7
theoretical energy
E
theor
energy as calculated for the drive weight assembly:
E = m× g × h
theor
where
m is the mass of the hammer;
g is the acceleration due to gravity;
h is the falling height of the hammer.
3.8
energy ratio
E
r
ratio of the actual energy E and the theoretical energy E of the hammer expressed in percentage
meas theor
3.9
N-value
number of blows required to drive the sampler for a test drive of 300 mm following the seating drive
4 Equipment
4.1 Drilling equipment
The drilling equipment shall be capable of providing a clean hole to ensure that the penetration test is performed on
essentially undisturbed soil.
The area that is exposed in the base of the borehole prior to testing can influence the results and consequently the
borehole diameter shall always be reported. A significant effect on the result can begin to occur when the diameter
is 150 mm or more.
4.2 Sampler
The steel split barrel sampler shall have the dimensions indicated in Figure 1 and shall be provided with a non-
return valve with sufficient clearance to permit the free flow of water or mud during driving.
The inner diameter of the sampler can be up to 3 mm larger than that of the shoe to allow for a liner. In gravelly
sand, a solid 60°cone instead of the standard shoe can be used. In this case the test shall be noted as SPT(C).
5
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EN ISO 22476-3:2005 (E)
Key
1 Drive shoe
2 Split barrel
3 Coupling
4 Non return valve (ball diameter: recommended 25 mm; ball seating: recommended 22 mm)
5 Ball retaining pins
6 Four vent holes (min diameter 12 mm)
x Length of the drive shoe
Figure 1 — Longitudinal cross section of an SPT sampler without a provision for a liner (dimensions in
mm)
4.3 Drive rods
The drive rods shall have a stiffness that prevents buckling during driving. Rods with a mass of more than
10,0 kg/m shall not be used. Only straight rods shall be used and periodic checks shall be made on site, including
connections between consecutive rods. When measured over the whole length of each rod the relative deflection
shall not be greater than 1 in 1 200.
4.4 Drive weight assembly
The drive weight assembly, of an overall mass not exceeding 115 kg, shall comprise:
a steel hammer of 63,5 kg ± 0,5 kg conveniently guided to ensure minimal resistance during the drop;
an automatic release mechanism which will ensure a constant free fall of (760 ± 10) mm, a negligible speed of
the hammer when released, and no induced parasitic movements in the drive rods;
a steel drive head or anvil rigidly connected to the top of the drive rods. It may be an internal part of the
assembly, as with safety hammers.
4.5 Optional equipment
4.5.1 Blow counter
A device to measure mechanical or electric impulses can be placed on the system in order to count the number of
the blows of hammer.
4.5.2 Penetration length measuring device
The penetration length is measured either by counting on a scale on the rods or by recording sensors. In this latter
case, resolution shall be less than 1/100 of the measured length.
6
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EN ISO 22476-3:2005 (E)
5 Test Procedure
5.1 Equipment checks and calibration
Prior to each test series, the sampler shall be checked to ensure that it is in proper condition (dimensions). The
straightness of the rods shall be checked once on each new site and at least every 20 penetration tests at that site.
After each test, a visual check of the straightness of the rods shall be made.
At the test site, the height of fall, the friction free fall of the hammer, the proper condition of the anvil and the
mechanical release devices shall be checked for satisfactory operation which is to be ensured for the whole test
series. In addition, the proper functioning of the recording device shall be checked when automatic recording
equipment is used.
The precision of the measuring instruments – if applicable – shall be checked after any damage, overloading or
repair but at least once every six months, unless the manufacturer's manual requires shorter inspection intervals.
Faulty parts shall be replaced. Calibration records shall be kept together with the equipment.
Energy losses occur e.g. due to friction at the hammer (velocity loss compared to the free fall) or due to energy
losses during the hammer impact on the anvil. Therefore, the energy ratio E of the equipment used has to be
r
known if the N-values are going to be used for the quantitative evaluation of foundations or for the comparisons of
results. A certificate of calibration of the E -value immediately below the driving head or anvil shall be available.
r
NOTE A recommended method to determine the actual energy is given in Annex B.
5.2 Preparation of the borehole
The borehole shall be prepared for the specified test depth. The base of the borehole shall be
...
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