SIST EN IEC 61007:2020
(Main)Transformers and inductors for use in electronic and telecommunication equipment - Measuring methods and test procedures
Transformers and inductors for use in electronic and telecommunication equipment - Measuring methods and test procedures
IEC 61007:2020 describes a number of tests for use in determining the significant parameters and performance characteristics of transformers and inductors for use in electronics and telecommunication equipment. These test methods are designed primarily for transformers and inductors used in all types of electronics applications that can be involved in any specification for such components. Even though these tests can be useful to the other types of transformers used in power distribution applications in utilities, industry, and others, the tests discussed in this document can supplement or complement the tests but are not intended to replace the tests in standards for transformers. Some of the tests described are intended for qualifying a product for a specific application, while others are test practices used for manufacturing and customer acceptance testing. The test methods described here include those parameters most commonly used in the electronics transformer and inductor industry: electric strength, resistance, power loss, inductance, impedance, balance, transformation ratio and many others used less frequently.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) scope: the application of the scope of IEC 61007 was extended;
b) Clause 2: added new references and updated the references;
c) Clause 3: new definitions were added in 3.3, and in 3.7 the voltage-time product was redefined;
d) test procedures were updated;
e) environmental test procedures: new references were added;
f) Annexes A to G were added.
Transformatoren und Drosseln für die Anwendung in elektronischen und nachrichtentechnischen Einrichtungen - Meßmethoden und Prüfverfahren
Transformateurs et inductances utilisés dans les équipements électroniques et de télécommunications - Méthodes de mesure et procédures d'essais
L'IEC 61007:2020 décrit plusieurs essais utilisés pour la détermination des paramètres importants et des caractéristiques de fonctionnement des transformateurs et inductances utilisés dans les équipements électroniques et de télécommunications. Ces méthodes d'essai sont principalement conçues pour les transformateurs et inductances utilisés dans tous les types d'applications électroniques qui peuvent être employés dans toute spécification de ces composants. Bien que ces essais puissent être utiles pour d'autres types de transformateurs utilisés dans les applications de distribution de puissance dans les services publics, dans l'industrie et d'autres secteurs, les essais traités dans le présent document peuvent s'ajouter aux essais décrits dans les normes relatives aux transformateurs ou les compléter, mais ne sont pas destinés à les remplacer. Certains des essais décrits visent à qualifier un produit pour une application spécifique, tandis que d'autres sont des pratiques d'essai utilisées lors de la fabrication et pour les essais d'acceptation client. Les méthodes d'essai décrites ici comprennent les paramètres les plus couramment utilisés dans l'industrie des transformateurs et inductances électroniques: rigidité diélectrique, résistance, perte de puissance, inductance, impédance, équilibre, rapport de transformation, et de nombreux autres paramètres utilisés moins fréquemment.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) domaine d'application: extension du domaine d'application de l'IEC 61007;
b) Article 2: ajout de nouvelles références et mise à jour des références;
c) Article 3: ajout de nouvelles définitions en 3.3, et redéfinition du produit tension-temps en 3.7;
d) mise à jour des procédures d'essai;
e) procédures d'essais d'environnement: ajout de nouvelles références;
f) ajout des Annexes A à G.
Transformatorji in induktorji za uporabo v elektronski in telekomunikacijski opremi - Metode merjenja in preskusni postopki
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 61007:2002
Transformatorji in induktorji za uporabo v elektronski in telekomunikacijski opremi
- Metode merjenja in preskusni postopki
Transformers and inductors for use in electronic and telecommunication equipment -
Measuring methods and test procedures
Transformatoren und Drosseln für die Anwendung in elektronischen und
nachrichtentechnischen Einrichtungen - Meßmethoden und Prüfverfahren
Transformateurs et inductances utilisés dans les équipements électroniques et de
télécommunications - Méthodes de mesure et procédures d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61007:2020
ICS:
29.180 Transformatorji. Dušilke Transformers. Reactors
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61007
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2020
ICS 29.180; 29.100.10 Supersedes EN 61007:1997 and all of its amendments
and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Transformers and inductors for use in electronic and
telecommunication equipment - Measuring methods and test
procedures
(IEC 61007:2020)
Transformateurs et inductances utilisés dans les Transformatoren und Drosseln für die Anwendung in
équipements électroniques et de télécommunications - elektronischen und nachrichtentechnischen Einrichtungen -
Méthodes de mesure et procédures d'essais Messmethoden und Prüfverfahren
(IEC 61007:2020) (IEC 61007:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2020-08-24. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61007:2020 E
European foreword
The text of document 51/1319/CDV, future edition 3 of IEC 61007, prepared by IEC/TC 51 "Magnetic
components, ferrite and magnetic powder materials" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote
and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 61007:2020.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2021-05-24
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2023-08-24
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 61007:1997 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61007:2020 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 61000-2-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-2-2
IEC 61000-3-12 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-3-12
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050 series International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
IEC 60068-1 2013 Environmental testing - Part 1: General EN 60068-1 2014
and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1 - Environmental testing - Part 2-1: Tests - EN 60068-2-1 -
Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2 - Environmental testing - Part 2-2: Tests - EN 60068-2-2 -
Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6 - Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - EN 60068-2-6 -
Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-7 - Basic environmental testing procedures - EN 60068-2-7 -
Part 2-7: Tests - Test Ga and guidance:
Acceleration, steady state
IEC 60068-2-10 - Environmental testing - Part 2-10: Tests - EN 60068-2-10 -
Test J and guidance: Mould growth
IEC 60068-2-13 - Basic environmental testing procedures - EN 60068-2-13 -
Part 2-13: Tests - Test M: Low air pressure
IEC 60068-2-14 - Environmental testing - Part 2-14: Tests - EN 60068-2-14 -
Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-17 - Basic environmental testing procedures - EN 60068-2-17 -
Part 2-17: Tests - Test Q: Sealing
IEC 60068-2-20 - Environmental testing - Part 2-20: Tests - EN 60068-2-20 -
Test T: Test methods for solderability and
resistance to soldering heat of devices with
leads
IEC 60068-2-21 - Environmental testing - Part 2-21: Tests - EN 60068-2-21 -
Test U: Robustness of terminations and
integral mounting devices
IEC 60068-2-27 - Environmental testing - Part 2-27: Tests - EN 60068-2-27 -
Test Ea and guidance: Shock
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60068-2-30 - Environmental testing - Part 2-30: Tests - EN 60068-2-30 -
Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h
cycle)
IEC 60068-2-42 - Environmental testing - Part 2-42: Tests - EN 60068-2-42 -
Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts
and connections
IEC 60068-2-45 - Basic environmental testing procedures - EN 60068-2-45 -
Part 2-45: Tests - Test XA and guidance:
Immersion in cleaning solvents
IEC 60068-2-52 - Environmental testing – Part 2-52: Tests – EN IEC 60068-2--
Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium chloride52
solution)
IEC 60068-2-78 - Environmental testing - Part 2-78: Tests - EN 60068-2-78 -
Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60270 - High-voltage test techniques - Partial EN 60270 -
discharge measurements
IEC 60695-11-2 - Fire hazard testing -- Part 11-2: Test - -
flames - 1 kW nominal premixed flame:
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement
and guidance
IEC 60695-11-5 - Fire hazard testing - Part 11-5: Test flames EN 60695-11-5 -
- Needle-flame test method - Apparatus,
confirmatory test arrangement and
guidance
IEC 61672-1 - Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - EN 61672-1 -
Part 1: Specifications
IEC 61007 ®
Edition 3.0 2020-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Transformers and inductors for use in electronic and telecommunication
equipment – Measuring methods and test procedures
Transformateurs et inductances utilisés dans les équipements électroniques et
de télécommunications – Méthodes de mesure et procédures d'essais
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.100.10; 29.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-8620-3
– 2 – IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Test procedures . 13
4.1 Test and measurement conditions . 13
4.1.1 General . 13
4.1.2 Measurement uncertainty. 16
4.1.3 Alternative test methods . 16
4.2 Visual inspection . 16
4.2.1 General . 16
4.2.2 Safety screen position . 16
4.2.3 Quality of joints . 16
4.3 Dimensioning and gauging procedure . 19
4.4 Electrical test procedures . 19
4.4.1 Winding resistance . 19
4.4.2 Insulation tests . 20
4.4.3 Losses . 23
4.4.4 Inductance . 27
4.4.5 Unbalance . 27
4.4.6 Capacitance . 32
4.4.7 Transformation ratios. 35
4.4.8 Resonant frequency . 41
4.4.9 Signal transfer characteristics . 42
4.4.10 Cross-talk . 46
4.4.11 Frequency response . 47
4.4.12 Pulse characteristics . 48
4.4.13 Voltage-time product rating . 49
4.4.14 Total harmonic distortion . 50
4.4.15 Voltage regulation . 51
4.4.16 Temperature rise . 52
4.4.17 Surface temperature . 53
4.4.18 Polarity . 54
4.4.19 Screens . 56
4.4.20 Noise . 57
4.4.21 Corona tests . 58
4.4.22 Magnetic fields . 58
4.4.23 Inrush current . 61
4.5 Environmental test procedures . 61
4.5.1 General . 61
4.5.2 Soldering . 61
4.5.3 Robustness of terminations and integral mounting devices . 61
4.5.4 Shock . 61
4.5.5 Bump . 62
4.5.6 Vibration (sinusoidal) . 62
4.5.7 Acceleration, steady state . 62
4.5.8 Rapid change of temperature (thermal shock in air) . 62
IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020 – 3 –
4.5.9 Sealing . 62
4.5.10 Climatic sequence . 62
4.5.11 Damp heat, steady state . 62
4.5.12 Dry heat . 63
4.5.13 Mould growth . 63
4.5.14 Salt mist, cyclic (sodium chloride solution) . 63
4.5.15 Sulphur dioxide test for contacts and connections. 63
4.5.16 Fire hazard . 63
4.5.17 Immersion in cleaning solvents . 63
4.6 Endurance test procedures . 63
4.6.1 Short-term endurance (load run) . 63
4.6.2 Long-term endurance (life test) . 64
Annex A (normative) DC resistance test . 65
A.1 General . 65
A.2 Resistance values under 1 Ω – Kelvin double-bridge method . 65
A.3 Resistance values from 1 Ω to many kilo-ohms . 66
A.3.1 General . 66
A.3.2 Ammeter and voltmeter method . 66
A.3.3 Substitution method . 67
A.3.4 Wheatstone bridge . 68
A.3.5 Ohmmeter . 69
A.4 Digital ohmmeter – Resistance values from under 1 Ω to many kilo-ohms . 70
Annex B (normative) Dielectric voltage withstand test . 71
Annex C (normative) Induced voltage test . 73
C.1 Induced voltage test . 73
C.2 General test conditions . 73
C.3 General test methods . 73
C.4 Induced excitation voltage and frequency . 75
C.5 Repeated induced voltage testing . 75
C.6 Excitation current . 75
Annex D (normative) No-load loss . 76
D.1 General . 76
D.2 Excitation waveform . 76
D.2.1 General . 76
D.2.2 Sine-voltage (sine-flux) excitation . 76
D.2.3 Sine-current excitation . 77
D.2.4 Square-wave voltage excitation . 77
D.3 Test method and instrumentation . 78
D.3.1 General . 78
D.3.2 Wattmeter . 78
D.3.3 Ammeters . 79
D.3.4 Voltmeters . 79
D.4 Test specifications and results . 79
Annex E (normative) Quality factor, Q . 80
E.1 General . 80
E.2 Accuracy . 80
E.3 Generators . 80
E.3.1 Signal generator . 80
– 4 – IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020
E.3.2 Pulse generator . 80
E.3.3 Antenna . 80
E.4 Capacitor . 81
E.5 Measuring circuit. 81
E.5.1 Oscilloscope . 81
E.5.2 Probe . 81
E.6 Measuring procedure . 81
E.7 Calculation . 82
Annex F (normative) Electrostatic shielding . 84
F.1 Symbols . 84
F.2 Theoretical discussion . 86
F.3 Measurement methods . 87
F.3.1 Indirect method . 87
F.3.2 Direct method . 88
Annex G (normative) Corona test . 89
G.1 Detection of corona . 89
G.2 Analysis of corona . 89
G.3 Test conditions and specifications . 90
Bibliography . 91
Figure 1 – Pulse waveform parameters . 11
Figure 2 – Examples of good solder joints . 17
Figure 3 – Examples of defective joints . 18
Figure 4 – No-load current test schematic . 24
Figure 5 – No-load loss test schematic . 24
Figure 6 – Simplified diagram for short-circuit power test . 26
Figure 7 – Circuit for measuring capacitance unbalance . 28
Figure 8 – Circuit for determining common mode rejection ratio . 28
Figure 9 – Circuit for measuring impedance unbalance . 29
Figure 10 – Circuit for determining cross-talk attenuation . 30
Figure 11 – Schematic diagram of phase unbalance and amplitude unbalance . 32
Figure 12 – Typical graph for determining self-capacitance . 34
Figure 13 – Circuit for determining inter-winding capacitance . 35
Figure 14 – Circuit for measurement of voltage transformation ratio . 38
Figure 15 – Circuit for measuring current transformation ratio and phase displacement . 39
Figure 16 – Measuring circuit of current transformation ratio and phase displacement . 40
Figure 17 – Circuit for determining parallel self-resonant frequency . 41
Figure 18 – Circuit for determining resonant frequency of resonant assemblies . 42
Figure 19 – Circuit for determination of insertion loss . 43
Figure 20 – Use of two identical transformers when the transformation ratio is not unity
and/or a DC bias is required . 44
Figure 21 – Illustration of return loss . 45
Figure 22 – Basic return loss test circuit . 46
Figure 23 – Circuit diagram for measuring the crossover interference between two
transformer coils . 47
Figure 24 – Impulse waveform measuring circuit . 49
IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020 – 5 –
Figure 25 – Non-linearity of magnetizing current . 50
Figure 26 – Voltage regulation test schematic . 51
Figure 27 – Phase (polarity) test using voltage measurement . 54
Figure 28 – Series connection method . 55
Figure 29 – Helmholtz structure . 59
Figure A.1 – Measurement of low resistance . 65
Figure A.2 – Kelvin double-bridge method of measuring low resistance . 66
Figure A.3 – Ammeter and voltmeter method of resistance measurement . 67
Figure A.4 – Measurement of resistance by substitution. 68
Figure A.5 – Connections of Wheatstone bridge . 68
Figure A.6 – Principle of series ohmmeter . 69
Figure A.7 – Digital ohmmeter method of resistance measurement . 70
Figure B.1– Typical high-potential test, showing section 1 under test . 71
Figure B.2– Typical high-potential test of inductor . 71
Figure C.1 – Block diagram of induced voltage surge test . 73
Figure D.1 – Triangular flux-density variation in transformer core . 78
Figure D.2 – Test circuit for transformer no-load losses . 78
Figure E.1 – Damped oscillation method . 80
Figure E.2 – Oscilloscope sweep for damped oscillation method . 82
Figure F.1 – Shielded single winding, core floating . 84
Figure F.2 – Basic electrostatic symbol . 84
Figure F.3 – Multiple-shielded single winding, core terminal (lead) provided . 84
Figure F.4 – Shielded two-winding secondary, core grounded . 85
Figure F.5 – Shielded group of windings, core floating . 85
Figure F.6 – Multiple-shielded group of windings, core terminal (lead) provided . 85
Figure F.7 – Combination of shielding conditions . 86
Figure F.8 – Typical two-winding shielded transformer . 86
Figure F.9 – Simplified representation of Figure F.8 . 86
Figure F.10 – Indirect measuring method for electrostatic shielding . 87
Figure G.1 – Typical circuit for corona measurement (circuit 1) . 89
Figure G.2 – Typical circuit for corona measurement (circuit 2) . 90
Table 1 – Recommended tests and specifications for specific transformer and inductor
groups . 14
Table 2 – Voltage of dielectric withstanding voltage test . 20
Table 3 – Sound-level corrections for audible noise tests . 57
Table 4 – Cube dimensions, together with corresponding search coil data . 60
– 6 – IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
TRANSFORMERS AND INDUCTORS FOR USE IN ELECTRONIC AND
TELECOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT –
MEASURING METHODS AND TEST PROCEDURES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61007 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 51:
Magnetic components, ferrite and magnetic powder materials.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1994. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) scope: the application of the scope of IEC 61007 was extended;
b) Clause 2: added new references and updated the references;
c) Clause 3: new definitions were added in 3.3, and in 3.7 the voltage-time product was
redefined;
IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020 – 7 –
d) test procedures were updated:
1) addition of test method:
AC resistance (in 4.4.1.2); short-circuit power test (in 4.4.3.4); efficiency (in 4.4.3.5);
phase unbalance (in 4.4.5.7); amplitude unbalance (radio frequency) (in 4.4.5.8);
transformation ratio by impedance (in 4.4.7.1); coefficient of coupling (in 4.4.7.2);
cross-talk (in 4.4.10);
2) modification of test method:
Insulation resistance (an error range of the testing voltage, in 4.4.2.3);
3) deletion of test method:
Effective resistance;
e) environmental test procedures: new references were added;
f) Annexes A to G were added.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
51/1319/CDV 51/1339/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 8 – IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020
TRANSFORMERS AND INDUCTORS FOR USE IN ELECTRONIC AND
TELECOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT –
MEASURING METHODS AND TEST PROCEDURES
1 Scope
This document describes a number of tests for use in determining the significant parameters
and performance characteristics of transformers and inductors for use in electronics and
telecommunication equipment. These test methods are designed primarily for transformers
and inductors used in all types of electronics applications that can be involved in any
specification for such components. Even though these tests can be useful to the other types
of transformers used in power distribution applications in utilities, industry, and others, the
tests discussed in this document can supplement or complement the tests but are not
intended to replace the tests in standards for transformers. Some of the tests described are
intended for qualifying a product for a specific application, while others are test practices used
for manufacturing and customer acceptance testing. The test methods described here include
those parameters most commonly used in the electronics transformer and inductor industry:
electric strength, resistance, power loss, inductance, impedance, balance, transformation
ratio and many others used less frequently.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) (available at
www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60068-1: 2013, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Tests A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Tests 8: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2-6: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-7, Basic environmental testing procedures – Part 2-7: Tests – Test Ga and
guidance: Acceleration, steady state
IEC 60068-2-10, Environmental testing – Part 2-10: Tests – Test J and guidance: Mould
growth
IEC 60068-2-13, Basic environmental testing procedures – Part 2-13: Tests – Test M: Low air
pressure
IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-17, Basic environmental testing procedure – Part 2-17: Tests – Test Q: Sealing
IEC 60068-2-20, Environmental testing – Part 2-20: Tests – Test T: Test methods for
solderability and resistance to soldering heat of devices with leads
IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020 – 9 –
IEC 60068-2-21, Environmental testing – Part 2-21: Tests – Test U: Robustness of
terminations and integral mounting devices
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing – Part 2-27: Tests – Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testing – Part 2-30: Tests – Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h
+ 12 h cycle)
IEC 60068-2-42, Environmental testing – Part 2-42: Tests – Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for
contacts and connections
IEC 60068-2-45, Basic environmental testing procedures – Part 2-45: Tests – Test XA and
guidance: Immersion in cleaning solvents
IEC 60068-2-52, Environmental testing – Part 2-52: Tests – Test Kb: Salt mist, cyclic (sodium
chloride solution)
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady
state
IEC 60270, High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements
IEC 60695-11-2, Fire hazard testing – Part 11–2: Test flames – 1 kW pre-mixed flame –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
IEC 60695-11-5, Fire hazard testing – Part 11–5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics – Sound level meters – Part 1: Specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050 (all parts)
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electromedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
component
transformer or inductor
3.2
peak working voltage
maximum instantaneous voltage for which the winding insulation is rated under working circuit
conditions
– 10 – IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020
3.3
pulse wave form parameters (see Figure 1)
3.3.1
peak pulse amplitude
U
m
maximum value of an extrapolated smooth curve through the top of the pulse, excluding any
initial "spike" or "overshoot", the duration of which is less than 10 % of the pulse duration
3.3.2
pulse duration
t
d
time interval between the first and last instant at which the pulse amplitude equals 50 % of the
peak pulse amplitude
3.3.3
pulse rise time
t
r
interval between the first instant at which the pulse amplitude reaches 10 % of the peak pulse
amplitude and the first instant at which the pulse amplitude reaches 90 % of the peak pulse
amplitude, excluding an unwanted or irrelevant portion of the waveform
3.3.4
pulse fall time
t
f
interval between the last instant at which the pulse amplitude reaches 90 % of the peak pulse
amplitude and the next instant at which the pulse amplitude reaches 10 % of the peak pulse
amplitude excluding any unwanted or irrelevant portion of the waveform
Note 1 to entry: Where the value of the droop approaches 10 % of the peak pulse amplitude, the upper point
defining fall time can be replaced by the last instant at which the pulse amplitude reaches 80 % of the peak pulse
amplitude.
3.3.5
droop
difference between the peak pulse amplitude and the amplitude of the extrapolated smooth
curve through the top of the pulse, excluding any initial "spike" of "overshoot", at its
intersection with the straight line through the points defining the pulse fall time, expressed as
a percentage of the peak pulse amplitude
3.3.6
pulse crest
maximum amplitude of the pulse
3.3.7
overshoot
amount by which the pulse crest exceeds the peak pulse amplitude, expressed as a
percentage of the peak pulse amplitude
3.3.8
backswing
maximum amplitude of the reverse pulse, i.e. the portion of the pulse after the zero-crossing,
expressed as a percentage of the peak pulse amplitude
3.3.9
return backswing
maximum amplitude of the swing that follows the backswing, expressed as a percentage of
the peak pulse amplitude
IEC 61007:2020 © IEC 2020 – 11 –
3.3.10
recovery time
time interval between the end of the pulse fall time and the time at which the pulse amplitude
last reaches 10 % of the peak pulse amplitude
Note 1 to entry: Exceptionally, a value of less than 10 % may be used, in which case the interval is termed "the
X % recovery time".
3.3.11
pulse repetition frequency
average number of pulses in unit time independent of the period over which it is measured
Leading edge: the interval between the first instant at which the pulse amplitude begins and the first instant at
which the pulse amplitude reaches the peak pulse amplitude.
Pulse top: the interval between the first instants at which the pulse amplitude equals the peak pulse amplitude and
the last instants at which the pulse amplitude equals 90 % of the peak pulse amplitude.
Trailing edge: the interval between the last instants at which the pulse amplitude equals 90 % of the peak pulse
amplitude and the first instants at which the pulse amplitude of the second cycle begins.
For clarity in illustrating droop, the 80 % and 10 % points have been used in constructing the line which determines the
border between the pulse top and the trailing edge.
Figure 1 – Pulse waveform parameters
3.4
quality factor
Q factor
ratio of the energy stored to the energy dissipated during one cycle at a particular frequency
in a specified winding
Note 1 to entry: The Q factor is expressed in terms of either the series or the parallel components of reactance
and loss resistance.
3.5
harmonic distortion
square root of the sum of the square of all harmonic voltages up to and including the seventh
harmonic (excluding the fundamental) expressed as a percentage or as a ratio in decibels of
the fu
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