SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2018

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-2: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5

This Technical Report refers to standard EN 15316-2.
It contains information to support the correct understanding and use of EN 15316-2.
The scope of this specific part is to standardize the required inputs, the outputs and the links (structure) of the calculation method in order to achieve a common European calculation method.
This standard covers energy performance calculation of heating systems and water based cooling space emission sub-systems.

Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-2: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-2 (Raumluftsysteme (Heizen und Kühlen))

Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 6-2 : Explication et justification de l’EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5

Le présent Rapport technique fait référence à l’EN 15316 2.
Il contient des informations pour aider à la compréhension et à l’utilisation correctes de l’EN 15316 2.
L’objet de cette partie spécifique est de normaliser les données d’entrée exigées, les données de sortie et les liaisons (structure) de la méthode de calcul afin d’obtenir une méthode de calcul européenne commune.
Cette norme traite du calcul de la performance énergétique des sous-systèmes d’émission de chaleur et de refroidissement à eau dans les locaux.

Energijske lastnosti stavb - Metoda za izračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 6-2. del: Razlaga in utemeljitev EN 15316-2 - Modula M3-5 in M4-5

To tehnično poročilo (CEN/TR 15316-6-2) določa podrobnosti za standard EN 15316-2 in podaja dodatne informacije za uporabo standarda EN 15316-2.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 09-Jan-2017
• Publication Date: 17-Apr-2018
• ICS: 91.140.10 - Central heating systems
• Technical Committee: OGS - Heating for buildings
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 05-Apr-2018
• Due Date: 10-Jun-2018
• Completion Date: 18-Apr-2018
• Directive: 2010/31/EU - Directive 2010/31/eu of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)
• Mandate: M/480 - Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and promoting the energy efficiency of buildings, in accordance with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the energy performance buildings (2010/31/EU)
• Ref Project: CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2017 - Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-2: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2018
(QHUJLMVNHODVWQRVWLVWDYE0HWRGD]DL]UDþXQHQHUJLMVNLK]DKWHYLQXþLQNRYLWRVWL
VLVWHPDGHO5D]ODJDLQXWHPHOMLWHY(10RGXOD0LQ0
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements
and system efficiencies - Part 6-2: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-2, Module
M3-5, M4-5
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der
Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-2: Begleitende TR zur
EN 15316-2 (Raumluftsysteme (Heizen und Kühlen))
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques
et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 6-2 : Explication et justification de l’EN 15316-
2, Module M3-5, M4-5
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2017
ICS:
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 15316-6-2
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
May 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.10
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies -
Part 6-2: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-2,
Module M3-5, M4-5
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur
calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und
systèmes - Partie 6-2 : Explication et justification de Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-2: Begleitende TR
l'EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5 zur EN 15316-2 (Raumluftsysteme (Heizen und
Kühlen))
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
228.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
4.1 Symbols . 8
4.2 Subscripts . 9
5 Description of the method . 9
5.1 Output of the method . 9
5.2 General description of the method . 9
5.2.1 General . 9
5.2.2 non-uniform space temperature distribution . 10
5.2.3 Heat loss of embedded surface heating devices due to additional transmission to the
outside . 10
5.2.4 Control of the indoor temperature . 11
5.2.5 Effects of room automatisation . 11
5.2.6 Combined outside temperature for cool emission systems . 12
6 Calculation Method . 12
6.1 Output data . 12
6.2 Calculation time steps . 12
6.3 Input data . 13
6.3.1 Source of data . 13
6.3.2 Product data (technical data) . 13
6.3.3 Configuration and system design data . 15
6.3.4 Operating or boundary conditions . 15
6.4 Monthly and yearly calculation procedure . 16
6.4.1 Applicable calculation interval . 16
6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation . 16
6.4.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses) . 16
6.4.4 Auxiliary energy calculation . 20
6.5 Hourly calculation procedure . 21
6.5.1 Applicable calculation interval . 21
6.5.2 Operating conditions calculation . 21
6.5.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses) . 21
7 Quality control . 25
8 Compliance check. 25
Annex A (informative) Template for choices, input data and references (Additional heating
and cooling losses / auxiliary energy) . 26
A.1 Introduction . 26
A.2 Temperature variation for free heating surfaces (radiators), room heights ≤ 4 m
(heating case) . 27
A.3 Temperature Variation for component integrated heating surfaces (panel heaters)
(room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case) . 29
A.4 Temperature variation for air heating systems; room heights ≤ 4 m (heating case) . 31
A.5 Temperature Variation for electrical heating (room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case) . 32
A.6 Temperature Variation air heating (ventilation systems, room heights ≤ 4 m, heating
case) . 33
A.7 Temperature variation for room spaces with heights > 4 m (large indoor space
buildings, heating case) . 33
A.8 Temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel . 36
A.9 Temperature variation for water based cooling systems; room heights ≤ 4 m
(cooling case) . 37
A.10 Auxiliary Energy . 38
A.11 Additional Information . 39
Annex B (informative) Default choices, input data and references (additional heating and
cooling losses / auxiliary energy) . 41
B.1 Introduction. 41
B.2 Temperature variation for free heating surfaces (radiators); room heights ≤ 4 m
(heating case) . 42
B.3 Temperature Variation for component integrated heating surfaces (panel heaters)
(room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case) . 44
B.4 Temperature variation for air heating systems; room heights ≤ 4 m (heating case) . 46
B.5 Temperature Variation for electrical heating (room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case) . 47
B.6 Temperature Variation air heating (ventilation systems, room heights ≤ 4 m, heating
case) . 48
B.7 Temperature variation for room spaces with heights > 4 m (large indoor space
buildings, heating case) . 48
B.8 Temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel . 51
B.9 Temperature variation for water based cooling systems; room heights ≤ 4 m
(cooling case) . 52
B.10 Auxiliary Energy . 53
B.11 Additional Information . 54
Bibliography . 56
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Introduction
This standard is part of a set of standards developed to support EPBD directive implementation,
hereafter called “EPB standards”.
EPB standards deal with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system sizing)
to provide the building services considered in the EPBD directive.
CEN/TC 228 deals with heating systems in buildings. Subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are:
a) energy performance calculation for heating systems;
b) inspection of heating systems;
c) design of heating systems;
d) installation and commissioning of heating systems.
The set of EPB standards, technical reports and supporting tools
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB
standards [14];
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards;
CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of
EPB-standards [15];
c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB-standard, including specific drafting instructions for the
relevant clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of
EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate
the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB-standards follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
overarching EPB-standard, EN ISO 52000-1 [16].
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations
directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the
set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy
performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into
account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal
frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the
background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some detail
to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded and made
available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB
standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all
informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
contents (see CEN/TS 16629 [15]):
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content;
— to reduce the page count of the actual standard; and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [18] that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
1 Scope
This Technical Report refers to standard EN 15316-2.
It contains information to support the correct understanding and use of EN 15316-2.
The scope of this specific part is to standardize the required inputs, the outputs and the links
(structure) of the calculation method in order to achieve a common European calculation method.
This standard covers energy performance calculation of heating systems and water based cooling space
emission sub-systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 215, Thermostatic radiator valves - Requirements and test methods
EN 416-2, Single burner gas-fired overhead radiant tube heaters for non-domestic use - Part 2: Rational
use of energy
EN 419-2, Non-domestic gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters - Part 2: Rational use of energy
EN 442 (all parts), Radiators and convectors – Part 2: Test methods and rating
EN 1264 (all parts), Water based surface embedded heating and cooling systems
EN 14037 (all parts), Free hanging heating and cooling surfaces for water with a temperature below
120°C
EN 14337, Heating Systems in buildings - Design and installation of direct electrical room heating systems
EN 15316-1, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and
system efficiencies - Part 1: General and Energy performance expression, Module M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1,
M8-4
EN 15316–2, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and
system efficiencies - Part 2: Space emission systems (heating and cooling), Module M3-5, M4-5
EN 15500, Control for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning applications - Electronic individual zone
control equipment
EN 16430 (all parts), Fan assisted radiators, convectors and trench convectors - Part 1: Technical
specifications and requirements
EN 60240–1, Characteristics of electric infra-red emitters for industrial heating - Part 1: Short wave infra-
red emitters (IEC 60240-1)
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)
EN ISO 13790, Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling
(ISO 13790)
EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General
framework and procedures (ISO 52000-1:2017)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995,
EN ISO 52000-1:2017, and the following apply.
3.1
heat losses
emissions within the heating system as losses through the building envelope due to non-uniform
temperature distribution, control inefficiencies and losses of emitters embedded in the building
structure
3.2
cooling losses
emissions within the cooling system as losses through the building envelope due to non-uniform
temperature distribution, control inefficiencies and losses of emitters embedded in the building
structure
3.3
total heat losses
sum of the heat losses within the heating system from the system, including recoverable heat loss
3.4
total cooling losses
sum of the cooling losses within the cooling system from the system, including recoverable cooling loss
3.5
control
self-acting device with and without auxiliary energy to keep a physical condition as temperature,
humidity, etc. close to set-point
3.6
room automatisation controls
BMS
room temperature controls in combination with:
— timer function;
— timer function and self-adoption / self-optimization;
timer function and self-adoption / self-optimization and interaction with other components of heating /
cooling system like further controls, circulator or heat- / cool-generator (net work operation)
4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols (see Table 1) apply:
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Quantity Unit
RF Radiant factor -
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this document, the following subscripts (see Table 2) apply:
Table 2 — Subscripts
emb embedded im intermittent pmp pump
fan fan ini initial rad radiant
emt emitter inc increased str stratification
∆
hydr hydraulic balancing roomaut room automation additional
out output sol solar
5 Description of the method
5.1 Output of the method
The method described in this standard calculate
— energy losses (heating and cooling) Q in kWh;
em,ls
— auxiliary energy – heat/ cooling emission W in kWh;
em
— room temperatureθ in Centigrade (°C).
int,inc
The time step of the output can be:
— hourly;
— monthly;
— yearly;
according to the time-step of the input.
5.2 General description of the method
5.2.1 General
The energy performance is assessed by values of the increased space temperatures due to heat and
cooling emission system inefficiencies.
The method is based on an analysis of the following characteristics of a space heating emission system
or cooling system including control:
— non-uniform space temperature distribution;
— emitters;
— emitters embedded in the building structure;
— control accuracy of the indoor temperature;
— operation of controls / controls systems and emitters.
The energy required by the emission system is calculated separately for thermal energy and electrical
energy in order to determine the final energy, and subsequently the corresponding primary energy is
calculated.
The calculation factors for conversion of energy requirements to primary energy shall be decided on a
national level.
5.2.2 non-uniform space temperature distribution
The additional energy loss, based on non- uniform space temperature distribution can be caused by:
— a temperature stratification, resulting in an increased internal temperature under the ceiling and
upper parts of the room;
— an increased internal temperature and heat transfer coefficient near windows;
— convection and radiation from the heating system through other outside surfaces.

Figure 1 — Effects due to non-uniform temperature distribution and position of heat and cooling
emitter
Figure 1 shows some examples for the non-uniform temperature distribution.
5.2.3 Heat loss of embedded surface heating devices due to additional transmission to the
outside
This applies to floor heating, ceiling heating and wall heating systems and similar.
This is only considered as a loss when one side of the building part containing the embedded heating
device is facing the outside, the ground, an unheated space or a space belonging to another building
unit.
If embedded heat emitters with different characteristics (e.g. insulation) are used in the heating
installation, it is necessary to take this into account by separate calculations.
If the increased temperature in the building element has been taken into account in the calculations
according to EN ISO 13790, this shall not be done again.
5.2.4 Control of the indoor temperature
This method covers only control of the heat emission system and does not take into account the
influences, which the control (central or local) may have on efficiency of the heat generation system and
on heat losses from the heat distribution system.
A non-ideal control may cause temperature variations and drifts around the prefixed set point
temperature, due to the physical characteristics of the control system, sensor locations and
characteristics of the heating system itself. This may result in increased or decreased heat losses
through the building envelope compared to heat losses calculated with the assumption of constant
internal temperature. The ability to utilize internal gains (from people, equipment, solar radiation)
depends on the type of heat emission system and control method (Figure 2). The calculation of the
energy use according to EN ISO 13790 are based on a constant internal temperature, while the real
room temperature (as indicated in Figure 2) will vary according to control concept and variations in
internal loads.
Figure 2 — Effect of control accuracy as efficiency or equivalent increase in space temperature
5.2.5 Effects of room automatisation
Heating or cooling systems in residential and non-residential buildings can demand-oriented operated
intermittently. The reduction in room temperature with intermittent operation of heating systems
depends essentially on the reduction- or off time, the transmission and ventilation heat loss, the outside
temperature as well as the effectual thermal mass of the room. With room automatisation systems the
potential reduction of room temperature can be utilized better. Because the above mentioned
influencing factors are often unknown a global temperature variation caused by room automatisation is
assumed. Regarding the functionality of the room automatisation system it is differentiated into 3 levels
as follows with increasing temperature variation.
1. stand alone room automatisation
This covers systems without networked operation and fixed heating-up times.
2. stand alone room automatisation with self-adoption start / stop
This covers systems without networked operation and optimized heating-up times.
3. networked room automatisation with self-adoption and interaction
This covers systems with networked operation and optimized heating-up times.
5.2.6 Combined outside temperature for cool emission systems
In addition to the difference between room and outside temperature the cooling load is influenced
essentially by solar and internal gains. To account for this, the outside temperature is corrected by a
temperature difference to ensure adequate temperature differences between room and outside
temperature as reference value for the calculation of additional emission losses.
6 Calculation Method
6.1 Output data
The output data of this method are listed in Table 3.
Table 3 — Output data of this method
Validity
Description Symbol Unit Intended Varying
interval
auxiliary energy – heating / cooling
W kWh 0…∞ M3–1 YES
em,ls,aux
emission
additional energy losses of heat
Q kWh 0…∞ M3–1 YES
em,ls
emission
equivalent internal heating
θ °C −5 … 40 M3–1 YES
H;int;inc
temperature
equivalent internal cooling
θ °C −5 … 40 M4–1 YES
C;int;inc
temperature
temperature variation based on losses Δθ °C −5 … 40 M3–1 YES
int;inc
annual expenditure factor for the heat
ε
- 1…2 M3–1 NO
em,,ls an
and cooling emission
convective fraction of the M3–1 /
f - 0.1 NO
em,conv
heating/cooling emitter M2–2
6.2 Calculation time steps
The objective of the calculation is to determine the annual energy demand or the energy demand of a
time period of the space heating / cooling emission system. This may be done in one of the following
two different ways:
— by using annual data for the system operation period and perform the calculations using annual
average values;
— by dividing the year into a number of calculation periods (e.g. year, month, week, day, hour, boosted
sub-period) and perform the calculations for each period using period dependent values and
adding up the results for all the periods over the year.
6.3 Input data
6.3.1 Source of data
Input data about products that are required for the calculation described in this standard shall be the
data supplied by the manufacturer if they are declared according to relevant EN product standards.
If no such data from the manufacturer is available or if the required data are not product data, default
values are given in Annex B.
6.3.2 Product data (technical data)
The product data shall be the value declared by the manufacturer according to certified measurements
performed according to the relevant product standards. If values declared by the manufacturer are not
available, then default values are given in informative Annex B.
Required technical data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table 4.
Table 4 — Product technical input data list
Computed
Catalogue Validity
Characteristics Symbol Ref. Varying
unit interval
Unit
control variation of temperature Δθ K K −5.5 6.4.2 No
ctr
temperature variation based on
Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
ctr,1
control, not certified products
temperature variation based on
Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
ctr,2
control, certified products
hysteresis of thermostatic valve θ K K 0.1 6.4.2 No
H
affect of supply water
temperature on TRV head sensing θ K K 0.1 6.4.2 No
W
element
temperature variation based on
Δθ K K 0.1 6.4.2 No
hydr
not balanced hydraulic systems
temperature variation based on
intermittent controls operation Δθ K K −5 .+5 6.4.2 No
im,crt
system
temperature variation based on
intermittent operation of the Δθ K K −5 .+5 6.4.2 No
im,emt
emission system
temperature variation based on
radiation by type of the emission Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
rad
system
temperature variation based on
Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
str
the stratification
temperature variation based on
the stratification - part of
Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
str,1
influence due to “over-
temperature”
temperature variation based on
the stratification - part of
Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
str,2
influence due to “specific heat
losses via external components”
temperature variation based on an
additional heating / cooling loss
Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
emb
by emitters embedded in the
envelope
temperature variation based on an
additional heating / cooling loss
by emitters embedded in the Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
emb,1
envelope – part of influence due to
the “system”
Computed
Catalogue Validity
Characteristics Symbol Ref. Varying
unit interval
Unit
temperature variation based on an
additional heating / cooling loss
by emitters embedded in the
Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
emb,2
envelope – part of influence due to
“specific heat losses via laying
surfaces”
temperature variation based on
Δθ K K −5…+5 6.4.2 No
roomout
room automation
radiant factor of radiant heaters
RF   0.1 6.4.2 No
for room heights ≥ 4m
room height h m m 2.50 6.4.2 No
R
electrical rated power
P W W 0.500 6.4.4 No
ctr
consumption of the control
electrical rated power
P W W 0.500 6.4.4 No
H,aux
consumption of the equipment
electrical rated power W
P W 0.500 6.4.4 No
fan
consumption of the fan
Design nominal useful emitter kW
Φ W 0…  No
Hemn
power
6.3.3 Configuration and system design data
Table 5 — Configuration and system design data
Origin
Name Symbol Unit Range Varying
Module
design over-temperature  K 5.60 M3–1 Yes
6.3.4 Operating or boundary conditions
Required operating conditions data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table 6.
Table 6 — Operating conditions data list
Origin
Name Symbol Unit Range Varying
Module
Operating conditions
initial internal temperature θ °C 0.50 M3–2 Yes
int,ini
calculation interval t h 1…8760 M1–9 Yes
ci
total time of generator(s)
t h 0…8760 M1–6 Yes
gnr
operation
external temperature of the
θ °C −50…+50 M1–13 Yes
e,avg
calculation interval
thermal output of the heating /
Q kWh 0… M3–3 / M4–3 Yes
em;out
cooling emission system
operation time of the fans in the
t h 0…8760 M1–6 Yes
h,rl
calculation period
analytical running time (monthly
t h 0…8760 M1–6 Yes
h
or other period)
6.4 Monthly and yearly calculation procedure
6.4.1 Applicable calculation interval
This calculation procedure can be used with the following calculation interval:
— monthly;
— yearly.
6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation
Not relevant.
6.4.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses)
This section gives a detail method for calculation of losses in the heating / cooling emission systems or
in the cooling system (for the cooling case the loss is a heat loss with a negative sign). The concept using
equivalent internal temperature.
The present standard will present an overall method to calculate the additional heat / cooling losses
and energy efficiency. In Annex A only the structure of the tables are included. Default values for the
calculation are given in Annex B. The internal temperature is affected by:
— the spatial temperature variation due to the stratification, depending on the emitter;
— the control variation depending on the capacity of the control device to ensure an homogeneous
and constant temperature;
— the temperature variation based on an additional heating / cooling losses by emitters embedded in
the envelope;
— the temperature variation based on radiation heat transfer of the emitter;
— the temperature variation based on intermittent operation of controls and emitters;
— the temperature variation based on not balanced hydraulic systems;
— the temperature variation based on space automation system;
— the temperature variation based on controls system stand alone or networked operation of the
system;
— the temperature variation based on type of emitter.
The equivalent internal temperature, θ taking into account the emitter, is calculated by:
int;inc
θ = θ + Δθ [°C] (1a)
H;int;inc H;int;ini int;inc
θ = θ − Δθ [°C] (1b)
C;int;inc C;int;ini int;inc
where
θ is the initial internal heating temperature (°C);
H;int,ini
θ is the initial internal cooling temperature (°C);
C;int,ini
Δθ is the spatial variation of temperature due to stratification (K);
str
Δθ is the control variation (K); (the control variation Δθ is divided into Δθ and Δθ
ctr ctr ctr,1 ctr,2
. Δθ should be used for standard calculation if no information are available. Δθ
ctr,1 ctr,2
should be used for calculation with certified products. Alternatively product specific
values can be used if proved by certification.);
Δθ is the temperature variation based on an additional heating / cooling losses of
emb
embedded emitters or by undirected (flat) radiant emitters like radiant panels installed
in the upper area of the room (K);
Δθ is the temperature variation e.g. Δθ = Δθ +Δθ +Δθ (Κ);
ctr str emb
Δθ is the temperature variation based on radiation by type of the emission system (K);
rad
Δθ is the temperature variation based on intermittent operation and based on the type of
im
the emission system (K), Δθ = Δθ +Δθ
im im,emt im,ctr
Δθ is the temperature variation based on intermittent operation of control (K);
im,ctr
Δθ is the temperature variation based on intermittent operation on the type of the
im,emt
emission system (K);
Δθ is the temperature variation based on not balanced hydraulic systems (K);
hydr
Δθ is the temperature variation based on stand alone or networked operation/ space
roomaut
automation of the system (K);
Δθ is the temperature variation based on all losses (K);
int;inc
NOTE Room/space automation system covers room wide temperature controls including an individual timer
function, timer function with self-adoption of start / stop or timer function with self-adoption of start / stop and
interaction with other controls or heating / cooling system devices.
Δθ =Δθ +Δθ +Δθ +Δθ +Δθ +Δθ +Δθ  [K] (2)
int;inc str ctr emb rad im hydr roomaut
In case of using product data for control systems Δθ = CA-value.
ctr
Electronic controllers: CA – based on EN 15500 (see Table 7).
TRV: based on EN 215 (see Table 7).
with temperature variation based on emission system
∆θ = ∆θ+ ∆θ ++∆θ ∆θ
emt,syst str emb rad im,emt
[K] (3)
where
is calculated for radiators in EN 442 (see Table 7).
∆θ
rad
is calculated for embedded systems in EN 1264 (see Table 7).
∆θ
im,emt
and with temperature variation based on control system
∆θ =∆θ++∆θ ∆θ
ctr,,syst ctr im ctr roomout
[K] (4)
The equivalent internal temperature difference, Δθ taking into account the emitter, is calculated by:
int;inc
∆θ =∆θ ++∆θ ∆θ
int,inc hyd emt,,syst ctr syst
[K] (5)
In case of rooms with ceiling heights ≥ 4 m the temperature variation Δθ is calculated as specific value
str
for different emitter systems as:
'
θ
str
∆θ = 10⋅ ⋅ 0,5⋅−hb
( )
str R
a
[K] (6)
With aK= 16 and bm= 1,1
is the the room height (m),
h
R
'
is the air temperature gradient (K/m) taken from following Table A.8 or
θ
str
B.8.
In case of rooms with ceiling heights ≥ 4 m the temperature variation Δθ is calculated as specific value
rad
for different ceiling heights and emitter systems of radiant luminous and tube heaters as:
0,,12 0 15

   
0,36 70 10

∆θ =10⋅ + 0,,354⋅   ⋅   − 0 9
[K] (7)
rad

   
RF + 02, p h
 hR  


where
RF
is the Radiant Factor of radiant heaters according to EN 416–2 resp. EN 419–2 (product
value)
p is the specific heat power in W/m based on product values;
h
Formulas for Δθ for radiant panels may be written in national annexes. The accordant values are
rad
determined on basis of radiant heat transfer according to EN 14037–3 (see Table 7).
NOTE Values for radiant heat transfer of radiant panels according to EN 14037–2 cannot be compared
directly with values of radiant factors of radiant heaters according to EN 416–2 resp. EN 419–2 (see Table 7).
In case of using standard designs of radiant luminous or radiant tube heaters for ceiling heights ≥ 4m
standard product values of RF are taken from Tables A.9 and B.9.
Table 7 — Interaction between product values and terms in EN 15316–2
Product relevant standard term
free heating surface (radiators) EN 442 Δθ Δθ
rad, im,emt
embedded heating and cooling systems EN 1264 Δθ
im,emt
not embedded radiant heating and EN 14037 Δθ
im,emt
cooling systems (open air gap)
thermostatic controllers (TRV) EN 215 Δθ = CA
ctr
electronic controllers EN 15500 Δθ = CA
ctr
radiant luminous and tube heaters EN 416–2 resp. EN 419–2 RF
Fan assisted radiators EN 16430 Δθ
rad
Electrical radiators EN 14337 Δθ
rad
electric infrared emitters for industrial EN 60240–1 RF
heating
The additional heat / cooling losses of emission in kWh are calculated as:

∆θ
int,inc

Q Q ⋅
em,,ls em out
θθ−
int,,inc e comb

[kWh] (8)
Where for heating emission:
θθ=
e,,comb e avg
[°C°] (9a)
and for cooling emission:
θ θ + ∆θ
e,comb e,,avg e sol
[°C] (9b)
The values θ is an input value from EN 15316-1. Default values for ∆θ are given in B.7.
e,avg e,sol
In individual application cases this breakdown is not required. The annual losses for the heating and
cooling emission in the room space is calculated as
Q = ∑ Q
em,,ls an em,ls
[kWh] (10)
where
Q is the annual loss of the heating / cooling emission, in kWh;
em,ls,an
Q is the loss of the heating / cooling emission (in the time period), in kWh.
em,ls
The annual thermal output of the heating/cooling emission in the room space is calculated as
QQ= ∑
em,,out an em,out
[kWh] (11)
=
=
A heating / cooling system may, as required, be split up in zones with different heating / cooling
emission systems, and the heating / cooling loss calculations can be applied individually for each zone.
The considerations given in EN 15316-1 regarding splitting up or branching of the heating / cooling
system shall be followed. If the principle of adding up the heating / cooling losses is respected, it is
always possible to combine zones with different heating / cooling emission systems.
Based on the result of the calculation a characteristic value (annual expenditure factor) for heat and
cooling emission can be calculated.
Q + Q
em,out,an em,,ls an
ε =
em,,ls an
Q
em,,out an
[-] (12)
6.4.4 Auxiliary energy calculation
With Formula (13) the auxiliary energy is balanced that serves to improve the heating / cooling
emission processes in the room space and is not recorded in the above calculations.
WW=
em,,ls aux fan
[kWh] (13)
where
W is the auxiliary energy (in the period), in kWh;
em,ls,aux
W is the auxiliary energy of fans in the calculation period, in kWh;
fan
The individual component W is to be determined from Formulae (14).
fan
Pn⋅ ⋅ t
fan fan h,rL
W = ∑
fan
[kWh] (14)
where
n is the number of ventilator/fan units;
fan
t is the operation time of the system in the calculation period, in h
h,rL
P is the electrical rated power consumption of the ventilators/fans (from Table A13/B13 or
fan
product data), in W;
Auxiliary energy calculation in large indoor space buildings (h > 4 m) – systems with direct heating
In large indoor space buildings in particular, heating equipment is used, the method of working of
which cannot logically be differentiated into sub-systems of heat generation and heat emission, and
which at the same time is installed in the room space in which it is used (e.g. gas and infrared radiators).
The total auxiliary energy of these systems is credited to the heat and cooling demand of the installation
room space (see Table A13/B13, upper section).
Pn⋅⋅ t
H,aux H,aux h
[kWh] (15)
W = ∑
em,,ls aux
where
W is the monthly or other period auxiliary energy (heat e
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