SIST EN 61747-6:2005
(Main)Liquid crystal and solid-state display devices -- Part 6: Measuring methods for liquid crystal modules - Transmissive type
Liquid crystal and solid-state display devices -- Part 6: Measuring methods for liquid crystal modules - Transmissive type
Gives details of the quality assessment procedures, inspection requirements, screening sequences, sampling requirements and test and measurement procedures required for the assessment of liquid crystal display modules. This standard is restricted to transmissive liquid crystal display modules using either segment, passive or active matrix and achromatic or colour type LCDs.
Flüssigkristall- und Halbleiter-Anzeige-Bauelemente -- Teil 6: Messverfahren für Flüssigkristall-Module - Transmissive Ausführung
Dispositifs d'affichage à cristaux liquides et à semiconducteurs -- Partie 6: Méthodes de mesure pour les modules à cristaux liquides - Type transmissif
Définit les détails des procédures d'estimation de la qualité, des conditions d'inspection, des séquences d'examens, des conditions d'échantillonnage et des procédures de test et de mesures pour l'évaluation du module d'afficheur à cristaux liquides. Cette norme est limitée aux modules d'affichage à cristaux liquides de type transmissif utilisant des dispositifs de type soit à segments, soit à matrice passive ou active et achromatique ou couleur.
Prikazalniški elementi s tekočimi kristali in polprevodniki – 6. del: Merilne metode za module s tekočimi kristali – Presojni tip (IEC 61747-6:2004)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 61747-6:2005
STANDARD
december 2005
Prikazalniški elementi s tekočimi kristali in polprevodniki – 6. del: Merilne
metode za module s tekočimi kristali – Presojni tip (IEC 61747-6:2004)
Liquid crystal and solid-state display devices – Part 6: Measuring methods for
liquid crystal modules – Transmissive type (IEC 61747-6:2004)
ICS 31.120 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 61747-6:2005(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61747-6
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2004
ICS 31.120
English version
Liquid crystal and solid-state display devices
Part 6: Measuring methods for liquid crystal modules –
Transmissive type
(IEC 61747-6:2004)
Dispositifs d'affichage à cristaux liquides Flüssigkristall- und Halbleiter-Anzeige-
et à semiconducteurs Bauelemente
Partie 6: Méthodes de mesure Teil 6: Messverfahren
pour les modules à cristaux liquides - für Flüssigkristall-Module –
Type transmissif Transmissive Ausführung
(CEI 61747-6:2004) (IEC 61747-6:2004)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2004-05-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61747-6:2004 E
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EN 61747-6:2004 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 110/13/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61747-6, prepared by IEC TC 110, Flat
panel display devices, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by
CENELEC as EN 61747-6 on 2004-05-01.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2005-02-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-05-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61747-6:2004 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
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- 3 - EN 61747-6:2004
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
ISO 13406-1 1999 Ergonomic requirements for work with EN ISO 13406-1 1999
visual displays based on flat panels
Part 1: Introduction
ISO 13406-2 2001 Part 2: Ergonomic requirements for flat EN ISO 13406-2 2001
panel displays
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
61747-6
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
2004-04
Dispositifs d'affichage à cristaux liquides
et à semiconducteurs –
Partie 6:
Méthodes de mesure pour les modules
à cristaux liquides –
Type transmissif
Liquid crystal and solid-state display devices –
Part 6:
Measuring methods for liquid crystal modules –
Transmissive type
© IEC 2004 Droits de reproduction réservés ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
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électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
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Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
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PRICE CODE W
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
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Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
1 Scope and object .9
2 Normative references.11
3 Chromaticity and pixel definitions .11
4 Standard measuring conditions .13
4.1 Standard measurement equipment and setup.13
4.2 Standard measurement positions .17
4.3 Standard device operation conditions.19
4.4 Standard ambient conditions.19
4.5 Standard measuring process .19
5 Measuring methods.21
5.1 Luminance and luminance uniformity .21
5.2 Warm-up characteristics.23
5.3 Response times (turn-on time, turn-off time, rise time and fall time) .25
5.4 Flicker (multiplexed displays) .31
5.5 Luminance contrast ratio.33
5.6 Peak viewing direction – Viewing angle range .37
5.7 Viewing angle range without gray-scale inversion .39
5.8 Specular reflectance from the active area surface .41
5.9 White chromaticity and its uniformity (matrix displays only).45
5.10 Reproduction of colour (matrix displays only) .47
5.11 Display resolution (high resolution matrix displays only) .49
5.12 Cross-talk.51
5.13 Power consumption.55
Annex A (informative) Standard measuring conditions .61
Annex B (informative) Measuring methods for liquid crystal display devices
(segment type) .63
Figure 1 – Measuring system and its configuration.13
Figure 2 – Definition of polar coordinates θ, ϕ.15
Figure 3 – Standard measurement positions at the centres of all rectangles p0-p24 .17
Figure 4 – Example of warm-up characteristic .25
Figure 5 – Relationship between driving signal and optical response times .29
Figure 6 – Frequency characteristics of the integrator (response of human visual system) .33
Figure 7 – Example of power spectrum.33
Figure 8 – Example of gray-scale inversion.41
Figure 9 – Example of standard set-up for specular reflection measurements .43
Figure 10 – Checker-flag pattern for current and power consumption measurements .55
Figure 11 – Example of measuring block diagram for current and power consumption of
a liquid crystal display device .57
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LIQUID CRYSTAL AND SOLID-STATE DISPLAY DEVICES –
Part 6: Measuring methods for liquid crystal modules –
Transmissive type
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61747-6 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 110: Flat
panel display devices.
This part of IEC 61747 series completes the full revision of IEC 60747-5(1992) and its
amendments.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
110/13/FDIS 110/19/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 7 –
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
This standard should be read in conjunction with IEC 61747-1.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2005. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 9 –
LIQUID CRYSTAL AND SOLID-STATE DISPLAY DEVICES –
Part 6: Measuring methods for liquid crystal modules –
Transmissive type
1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 61747 gives details of the quality assessment procedures, inspection
requirements, screening sequences, sampling requirements and test and measurement
procedures required for the assessment of liquid crystal display modules.
This standard is restricted to transmissive liquid crystal display (LCD) modules using either
segment, passive or active matrix and achromatic or colour type LCDs (see Clause 3,
chromaticity and pixel definitions) that are equipped with their own integrated source of
illumination or without their own source of illumination.
For both rear projection-display systems and front projection-display systems, optical
performance on the screen is not only determined by the panel performance as described in
this standard, but also by the lighting system, such as the projection lens, screen, light filter,
etc. Therefore, this standard is not applicable to such projection-display systems.
(Nevertheless, for the determination of "on the screen" optical performance of rear projection-
display systems, this standard may be used as a guideline).
In order to achieve a useful and uniform description of the performance of the display devices
covered in this standard, specifications for commonly accepted relevant parameters are
provided and fall into the following categories:
a) general type (e.g. pixel resolution, diagonal, pixel layout);
b) optical (e.g. contrast ratio, response time, viewing direction, cross-talk, etc.);
c) electrical (e.g. power consumption, EMC);
d) mechanical (e.g. module geometry, weight);
e) passed environmental endurance test;
f) reliability and hazard/safety.
In most categories, the specification is self-explanatory. For some, however, notably in the
area of optical and electrical performance, the specified value may depend on the measuring
method.
The object of this standard is to indicate and list the procedure-dependent parameters and to
prescribe the specific methods and conditions that are to be used for their uniform numerical
determination.
It is assumed that all measurements are performed by personnel skilled in the general art of
radiometric and electrical measurements as the purpose of this standard is not to give a
detailed account of good practice in electrical and optical experimental physics. Furthermore,
all equipment needs to be suitably calibrated by competent personnel, and records of the
calibration data and traceability need to be kept.
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 11 –
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13406-1:1999, Ergonomic requirements for work with visual displays based on flat
panels – Part 1: Introduction
ISO 13406-2:2001, Ergonomic requirements for work with visual displays based on flat
panels – Part 2: Ergonomic requirements for flat panel displays
3 Chromaticity and pixel definitions
Several points of view with respect to the preferred terminology concerning "monochrome",
"achromatic", "chromatic", "colour", "full-colour", etc. can be encountered in the field amongst
spectroscopists, physicists, colour-perception scientists, physical engineers and electrical
engineers. In general, all LCDs demonstrate some sort of chromaticity (e.g. as a function of
viewing angle, ambient temperature or externally addressable means). Pending detailed official
description of the subject, the pre-fix pertaining to the chromaticity of the display will be used to
describe the colour capability of the display that is externally (and electrically) addressable by
the user. This leads us to the following definitions (see also ISO 13406-1, Chapter 3:
Terminology):
a) a monochrome display has no user-addressable chromaticity ("colours"). It may or may not
be "black and white" or a-chromatic;
b) a colour display has at least two user-addressable chromaticities ("colours"). A 64-colour
display has 64 addressable colours (often made using 2 bits per primary), etc. A full-colour
display has at least 6 bits per primary (≥ 260 000 colours).
Within this document, the official definition of pixel is employed, which may or may not include
a multitude of constituent dots.
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 13 –
4 Standard measuring conditions
4.1 Standard measurement equipment and setup
4.1.1 High resolution matrix displays ( ≥≥ 320 ×× 240 pixels)
≥≥ ××
> 500 pixels
e.g. ∅4 cm diaphragm
°
θ < 5
accept
e.g 50 cm
Device under test Light measuring device
IEC 282/04
Figure 1 – Measuring system and its configuration
Three different instruments may be applied to the measurements of the light transmitted and/or
reflected by the device under test (DUT); a luminance meter, tristimulus photometer or a
spectro-radiometer. The optical system is schematically shown in Figure 1 and shall allow for
measurement of well-defined spot sizes (field of view) on the DUT. When measuring matrix
displays, these meters should be set to a circular or rectangular field of view that includes more
than 500 pixels on the display under normal observation (the standard measurement direction).
The total acceptance angle of detection by these meters, θ , shall be less than 5° (see Figure 1).
accept
This can be obtained, for example, by use of a measuring distance between the meters and
display area centre of 50 cm (recommended) and a diameter of the detector pupil of 4 cm; see
Figure 1. If measuring segment displays, the field of view should be set to a single segment,
and not include any of its surroundings.
Viewing direction and angle range are given by polar coordinates θ and ϕ as defined in
Figure 2. θ = 0 is referred to as the 3 o'clock direction (the "right"), θ = 90 as the 12 o'clock
ϕ ϕ
direction ("upward"), θ = 180 as the 9 o'clock direction ("left") and θ = 270 as the 6 o'clock
ϕ φ
("bottom"). In the standard measurement direction, the photometer observes the DUT under
vertical viewing angle (θ = 0°). While scanning θ and/or ϕ, the centre of the measuring spot on
the DUT shall stay fixed.
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 15 –
θ
12 o’clock = 12 h
ϕ
3
9
6
IEC 283/04
12 o'clock pertains to "top" of the display area, 3 o'clock to "right" of the display area (as viewed under "normal"
operating viewing conditions)
Figure 2 – Definition of polar coordinates θθθθ, ϕϕϕϕ
Any condition (either measuring spot on the DUT, meter aperture angle, viewing angle, meter
spectral sensitivity, resolution etc.) that is not compliant to the required condition described in
this shall be recorded in the detail specifications.
If the DUT is not equipped with its own source of illumination, external illumination shall be
done in either of two ways:
a) by means of an externally applied diffuse light source with specified (spatial and angular
distribution of) luminance and spectrum (this is, for example, used for measurements on
direct view displays);
b) by means of an externally applied directional light source with calibrated spatial uniformity
of illumination at the plane of the DUT, full opening angle of illumination at the location of
the measuring spot in the plane of the DUT of less than 30°, and (if needed) (calibrated)
distribution of spectral irradiation in the visible region of radiation (mostly used for
measurements on projection-display modules).
In both cases, records of the light source (intensity distribution, temporal stability, opening
angle, etc.) and its distance to the device under test shall be added to the detail specification.
The temporal drift in luminance shall be less than 1 % of the stabilized value per minute. Care
shall be taken that the temperature of the DUT has stabilized and is not affected by the
illumination system. The temperature of the DUT shall be measured and specified.
Any deviation from the above described standard measurement equipment or setup shall be
added to the detail specification.
4.1.2 Low resolution (<<<< 320 ×××× 240 pixels) and segment display specific remarks
Default measurement conditions are the same as those prescribed for high-resolution matrix
displays. However, for low resolution and segment displays the measurement field may contain
fewer than 500 pixels. For matrix displays, a minimum of 9 is recommended. For measuring
segment displays, the field of view should be set to a single segment, and not include any of its
surroundings under any measurement angle.
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 17 –
4.2 Standard measurement positions
4.2.1 Matrix displays
P23 P24 P9 P10
P11
P22 P8 P1 P2 P12
P21 P7 P0 P3 P13
P20 P5
P6 P4 P14
(5/10)V
(3/10)V
P19 P18 P17 P16 P15
(1/10)V
(1/10)H
(3/10)H
(5/10)H
IEC 284/04
NOTE Height and width of each rectangle is 20 % of display height and width respectively.
Figure 3 – Standard measurement positions at the centres of all rectangles p0-p24
Luminance, radiance distribution and/or tristimulus values may be measured at several
specified positions on the DUT surface. To this end, the front view of the display is divided into
25 identical imaginary rectangles, according to Figure 3. Unless otherwise specified,
measurements are carried out in the centre of each rectangle. Care shall be taken that the
measuring spots on the display do not overlap. Positioning of the measuring spot on the thus
prescribed positions in the x and y direction shall be to within 7 % of X and Y respectively
(where X and Y denote the length of the active display area in the x and y direction,
respectively).
While scanning the position of the measuring spot over the surface of the DUT, the polar
angles shall stay fixed.
Any deviation from the above-described standard positions shall be added to the detail
specification.
4.2.2 Segment displays
Standard measurement positions are the same as those prescribed for matrix displays
in 4.2.1. However, for segment displays, all measurements shall be performed at the centre of
a segment and the chosen segment should be as close as possible to the centre of the
designated rectangle. Thus, when measurements on position p (i = 0 to 24) are requested, the
i
geometrical centre of the segment closest to the centre of box p should be used for positioning
i
of the detector.
Any deviation from the above described standard positions shall be added to the detail
specification.
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 19 –
4.3 Standard device operation conditions
The module being tested shall be physically prepared for testing. It shall be warmed up for the
stable operation of liquid crystal display devices at a specified period of less than 1 h. Testing
shall be conducted under nominal conditions of input voltage, current, etc. The bias setting
(if any) of the module shall be specified and set to those expected under typical use.
Any deviation from the standard device operation conditions shall be added to the detail
specification.
4.4 Standard ambient conditions
4.4.1 Temperature, humidity and pressure conditions
The standard measuring ambient for the liquid crystal display devices is (25 ± 2) °C for
temperature, (25 to 85) % for relative humidity and (86 to 106) kPa for pressure.
4.4.2 Illumination conditions
Three possible ambient illumination variants are defined as follows:
– darkroom condition: illuminance of the measuring spot on the DUT below 1 lx; directionality
unspecified;
– hemispherical diffused light condition: state of illumination of the measuring spot on the
DUT where the illuminance is not quantified but Lambertian;
– room illumination condition: illuminance of the measuring spot on the DUT with an intensity
between 300 lx and 1000 lx. The intensity of the incident light is equal in all directions
(Lambertian illumination).
Records of the measured ambient illumination should be kept on the measuring data sheet.
Any deviation from the standard ambient conditions shall be added to the detail specification.
4.5 Standard measuring process
Due to the physics of LCDs almost all optical properties of these devices vary with the direction
of observation (i.e. viewing direction). Therefore, it should be understood that for the
determination of several of the parameters below, good (mechanical) control and specification
of the viewing direction is necessary. Also, the distance between the light measuring device
and the measuring spot on the DUT shall remain constant for all viewing directions.
All light sources used for illumination of the DUT during the measurement shall be constant in
intensity and spectrum, at least over the time-period of measurements that are related to each
other in the evaluation (e.g. bright and dark state of a display for contrast evaluation). The
luminance or illuminance of the arrangement used for illumination of the DUT shall be constant
to within ±1 % over a time period of minimum 15 min and shall not exhibit short-term
fluctuations (e.g. ripple, PWM modulations, etc.).
The standard measuring process consists of the following steps:
a) prepare the measurement equipment and set-up, device-under-test and ambient conditions
to the specified (standard) values;
b) make records of standard condition choices and of deviations from standard conditions;
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61747-6 © IEC:2004 – 21 –
c) measure the necessary parameters in a darkroom;
d) if an external light source is used, measure the following parameters of the light source in
the plane of the DUT. At p0 (Figure 3), measure and specify
1) spectrum of emission,
2) luminance L,
3) temporal stability of the luminance L(t),
4) luminance distribution with viewing angle L(θ,ϕ).
When measuring window contrast ratio (5.5.3.2), chromaticity uniformity (5.9), display
uniformity (5.1) or cross-talk (5.12), measure the spectrum of emission, luminance and
luminance distribution with viewing angle also at the other relevant positions p1-p24
(Figure 3).
e) add a drawing or photo of the exact geometry of arrangement between light source, DUT
and light measuring device to the specification.
The illumination apparatus shall be specified in detail since corrections to the standard
conditions are not possible.
5 Measuring methods
5.1 Luminance and luminance uniformity
5.1.1 Purpose
This method is applied to the measurements of luminance and its lateral uniformity (i.e. in the
active area) of the liquid crystal display devices with a built-in backlight system.
5.1.2 Measuring equipment
The measuring instruments shall consist of a luminance meter, a driving power supply and a
driving signal generator for liquid crystal display devices.
5.1.3 Measuring method
5.1.3.1 Maximum luminance
Measurements are performed in a dark
...
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