SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006

• Abstract:

  The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.; Cordless audio devices covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range devices, the power limits for frequency bands will be found in the current version of CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03, annex 13 (or national regulations). Stereo equipment can be designed for required channel bandwidths of 200 kHz or less, however consumer wideband (multi channel) audio equipment and stereo equipment using e.g. Zenith-GE pilot tone systems or digital modulation may need wider bandwidths as defined in the present document. The present document applies to cordless audio consumer radio microphones, in ear monitoring equipment using either 300 kHz bandwidth analogue modulation or:; • 300 kHz, 600 kHz, 1 200 kHz digital FDMA modulation; and; • Band II LPD (low power devices) using 200 kHz bandwidth and analogue modulation.; The frequency bands for this equipment may differ from country to country as specified in their national regulations. All equipment is intended to be used with integral antennas.; Consumer audio equipment intended for audio and voice operating below 50 MHz and using narrow band modulation are considered and tested according to EN 300 220 [6].; Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-9 [3].; The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:; - cordless headphones;; - cordless loudspeakers;; - consumer radio microphones;; - in-ear monitoring;; - in-vehicle cordless;; - personal cordless;; - broadband multi channel audio systems;; - Band II LPD.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2006
• ICS: 33.060.99 - Other equipment for radiocommunications
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• Technical Committee: MOC - Mobile Communications
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Due Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Completion Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Ref Project: ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-05) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Cordless audio devices in the range 25 MHz to 2 000 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006 is the Slovenian adoption of ETSI EN 301 357-1, a European Standard for cordless audio devices in the 25 MHz to 2 000 MHz range. It specifies technical characteristics and test methods for devices such as cordless headphones, cordless loudspeakers, consumer radio microphones, in-ear monitoring equipment, in-vehicle and personal cordless systems, broadband multi channel audio systems, and Band II LPD, so manufacturers and test laboratories can assess spectrum use and radiated performance.

What does SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006 specify?

SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006 sets the minimum technical characteristics and the measurement methods for cordless audio equipment that uses integral antennas. It is aimed at short-range radio audio devices and focuses on spectrum use, transmitter behavior, receiver-related checks, and the way tests are carried out.

The scope covers consumer radio microphones and in-ear monitoring equipment using 300 kHz analogue modulation, 300 kHz, 600 kHz, or 1 200 kHz digital FDMA modulation, and Band II LPD using 200 kHz analogue modulation. The document also points users to other documents for related subjects: narrow-band audio equipment below 50 MHz is treated under EN 300 220, and EMC requirements are covered by EN 301 489-9.

The standard is organized into clauses 1 to 10 and annexes A to F.

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Normative radiated measurement methods and test sites
Annex B	Normative measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN)
Annex C	Informative receiver parameters
Annex D	Informative derivation of the radiated spurious emissions limit for Band II LPD
Annex E	Informative justification for field strength measurements
Annex F	Bibliography

What are the key requirements of SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006?

SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006 requires manufacturers and test labs to show how a cordless audio device behaves across its intended channels, under the declared operating conditions, and with the declared interfaces and fixtures. The document is built around test preparation, radiated measurement methods, transmitter limits, and uncertainty handling.

Test samples, documentation, and fixtures

Clause 5 requires the applicant to identify the channel bandwidth(s), provide interface information, and supply any tools and test fixtures needed for dc power connection, analogue audio connection, transmitter deviation limiting, and setting audio input levels. For Band II LPD, a stored 1 kHz stereo tone file may be needed to stimulate the transmitter input. In practice, this means the product cannot be tested as a black box - the laboratory needs enough access and documentation to drive it correctly.

Clause 5 also sets rules for how single-channel, two-channel, and multi-channel equipment is chosen for testing, including equipment with external frequency control and integral antennas. This matters because the standard allows representative testing rather than repeating every measurement on every channel, provided the selected channels cover the intended operating range.

Test conditions and normal modulation

Clause 6 says performance tests are done under normal conditions, and where stated, under extreme conditions. Clause 7 defines the normal test modulation as a 500 Hz sinusoidal tone for the declared nominal deviation, and it uses coloured noise from ITU-R BS.559-2 for determining transmitter Necessary Bandwidth (BN). In practice, the lab must use the right stimulus signal for the right measurement, because audio tone testing and bandwidth testing are not the same.

Clause 7 also requires a suitable test fixture for integral antenna equipment, with a radio frequency coupling device that supports relative measurements at calibrated frequencies. The fixture must be stable and reproducible, so the same product can be tested again with comparable results.

Band II LPD operating conditions

Clause 8 gives specific basic requirements for Band II LPD. The device shall stop transmitting within 1 minute after audio modulation is removed, shall use an integral antenna, and shall operate on user-selectable frequencies within the 87.6 MHz to 107.9 MHz range. Clause 8 also allows a test mode for continuous carrier transmission.

For Band II LPD transmitter checks, clause 8.2 requires radiated power and radiated spurious emissions to be measured in both vertical and horizontal polarization. Clause 8.2.1.4 sets the ERP limit and the transmitter mask, with Annex D and Annex E explaining the limit derivation and the field-strength approach. In practice, this is the section that controls whether the device fits the Band II emission envelope.

Transmitter power, bandwidth, and spectral masks

Clause 8.4 measures carrier power, including a substitution method for integral antenna equipment and a peak-envelope approach when an unmodulated carrier cannot be produced. The measured power has to be within ±3 dB of the declared level and within the table limit. This gives manufacturers a direct check against their declared transmitter output.

Clause 8.5 covers channel bandwidth and Necessary Bandwidth (BN). It also limits switching or tuning ranges so the edge-of-band condition is still met after frequency error is taken into account. Figures 3 and 4 show spectral masks for analogue and digital modulation. For users, this means the intended tuning range cannot be wider than what still stays inside the permitted emission shape.

Spurious emissions and receiver checks

Clause 8.6 covers transmitter spurious emissions and cabinet radiation, including repeated testing in standby where the transmitter supports it. Clause 9 gives the receiver-side spurious emission checks, including measurement into a specified load and radiated effective power of the enclosure. These checks matter because unwanted emissions can interfere with other services even when the main transmission looks correct.

Measurement uncertainty

Clause 10 tells the user how to judge compliance when measurement uncertainty is considered. If the measured value is within the limit, the equipment meets the requirement; if it exceeds the limit, it does not. Table 13 sets maximum allowable uncertainty for parameters such as RF frequency, radiated RF power, deviation, and transmitter switch-off time. In practice, the test report must show the uncertainty method as well as the result.

What terms does SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006 define?

• Artificial antenna - a tuned dummy load used instead of a real antenna so the transmitter can be tested in a controlled way.
• Channel bandwidth - the frequency width assigned to a channel, including safety margin for adjacent channels.
• Integral antenna - an antenna that is built into the equipment and is an essential part of it.
• Necessary bandwidth (BN) - the bandwidth just wide enough to carry the information at the required rate and quality.
• Occupied bandwidth - the band that contains the specified share of the total mean power of the emission.
• Port - a connection point on or in the EUT intended for cables.
• Spurious emission - an emission outside the necessary bandwidth that can be reduced without affecting the information being transmitted.
• Equipment Under Test (EUT) - the equipment being measured or assessed.

Who uses SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006?

Manufacturers use SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006 when designing cordless audio products and preparing them for conformity testing. Test laboratories use it to set up radiated measurements, check transmitter characteristics, and record measurement uncertainty.

Quality managers and compliance teams use it to define test plans, select representative channels, and document declared operating conditions. Buyers and integrators use it to understand whether a product family falls into the cordless audio, consumer radio microphone, in-ear monitoring, or Band II LPD categories covered by the standard.

Which standards are used with SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006?

The standard cites several documents that support its tests and scope:

• EN 301 489-9 - EMC requirements for wireless microphones, RF audio link equipment, cordless audio, and in-ear monitoring devices.
• EN 301 489-1 - common EMC requirements, used in the background of the spurious emissions discussion.
• EN 300 220 - used for consumer audio equipment below 50 MHz with narrow-band modulation.
• EN 300 422 - an alternative for wireless microphones with maximum occupied bandwidth below 200 kHz.
• EN 301 357-2 - the companion part for harmonized essential requirements under the R&TTE framework.
• CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03 - especially annex 13, for short-range device power limits.
• ITU-R BS.559-2 - the standardized coloured noise used for Necessary Bandwidth testing.
• IEC 60244-13 and IEC 60489-3 - measurement methods referenced for transmitter and receiver-related work.
• TR 102 273 and ANSI C63.5 - guidance for radiated measurement sites and antenna calibration.

What does the SIST EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1:2006 document contain?

The document contains the technical framework for testing cordless audio equipment from the 25 MHz to 2 000 MHz range. It includes functional descriptions of cordless audio, consumer radio microphones, in-ear monitoring, and Band II LPD, along with the rules for presenting equipment for testing and arranging input signals.

It also includes detailed measurement methods for transmitter power, frequency error, channel bandwidth, spurious emissions, shutoff behavior, and receiver spurious emissions. Annex A gives the radiated test-site setups, including anechoic chambers and open area test sites, while Annex B shows the BN measurement method.

Figures in the document support practical test work, including the noise spectrum and filter arrangement for BN, and the spectral masks used for analogue and digital modulation. Annex C gives receiver guidance values, while Annex D and Annex E explain the Band II LPD emission limits and the measurement rationale.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2006
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Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Cordless audio
devices in the range 25 MHz to 2 000 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test
methods
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 301 357-1 Version 1.3.1
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Cordless audio devices in the range 25 MHz to 2 000 MHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

2 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)

Reference
REN/ERM-TG17WG3-007-1
Keywords
audio, radio, radio MIC, testing
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.7
Foreword.7
Introduction .8
1 Scope.9
2 References.10
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .11
3.1 Definitions.11
3.2 Symbols.11
3.3 Abbreviations.12
4 Functional characteristics.12
4.1 Cordless audio.12
4.1.1 In-vehicle cordless.12
4.1.2 Personal cordless.12
4.1.3 Broadband multi channel systems .12
4.1.4 Band II LPD.13
4.2 Consumer radio microphones.13
4.3 In-ear monitoring.13
5 General.13
5.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.13
5.1.1 Choice of model for performance testing .14
5.1.2 Definitions of alignment and switching ranges.14
5.1.3 Alignment Range.14
5.1.4 Choice of frequencies.14
5.1.5 Testing of single channel equipment .14
5.1.6 Testing of two channel equipment.14
5.1.7 Testing of multi-channel equipment (more than two channels).14
5.1.8 Testing of equipment with an external frequency control.15
5.1.9 Testing of equipment with an integral antenna.15
5.1.9.1 Equipment with a permanent internal RF port .15
5.1.9.2 Equipment with a temporary RF port.15
5.2 Mechanical and electrical design.15
5.2.1 General.15
5.2.2 Controls.15
5.2.3 Integral antenna.15
5.2.4 Marking.16
5.3 Interpretation of the measurement results .16
6 Test conditions, power sources and ambient conditions .16
6.1 Normal and extreme test-conditions.16
6.2 Test power source.16
6.3 Normal test conditions.16
6.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.17
6.3.2 Normal test power source voltage.17
6.3.2.1 Mains voltage.17
6.3.2.2 Nickel-cadmium cells.17
6.3.2.3 Other power sources.17
6.4 Extreme test conditions .17
6.4.1 Extreme temperatures.17
6.4.1.1 Procedures for tests at extreme temperatures .17
6.4.2 Extreme test power source voltages.18
6.4.2.1 Mains voltage.18
6.4.2.2 Re-chargeable battery power sources.18
6.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries.18
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
6.4.2.4 Other power sources.18
7 General conditions.18
7.1 Normal test modulation.18
7.2 Test fixture.19
7.3 Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements.20
7.4 Modes of operation of the transmitter .20
7.5 Arrangement for test signals at the input of the transmitter .20
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .20
8.1 Basic requirements for Band II LPD .20
8.2 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters of Band II LPD.21
8.2.1 Effective radiated power, occupied bandwidth, channel spacing, frequency error, and transmitter
timeout .21
8.2.1.1 Definitions.21
8.2.1.2 Test equipment setup.21
8.2.1.3 Method of measurement.22
8.2.1.3.1 Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements.22
8.2.1.3.2 Test modulation.22
8.2.1.3.3 Measurement procedure.22
8.2.1.4 Limits.22
8.2.1.5 Measurement uncertainty.23
8.2.1.6 Radiated spurious emissions .23
8.2.1.6.1 Definitions.23
8.2.1.6.2 Measurement procedure.23
8.2.1.6.3 Limits for Band II LPD .23
8.2.1.6.4 Limits for combined equipments.23
8.2.1.6.5 Measurement uncertainty.23
8.3 Frequency error.24
8.3.1 Definition.24
8.3.2 Method of measurement.24
8.3.3 Limit.24
8.4 Carrier power.24
8.4.1 Definition.24
8.4.2 Method of measurement for equipment with integral antenna.24
8.4.2.1 Method of measurement under normal test conditions .24
8.4.2.2 Method of measurement under extreme test conditions.25
8.4.3 Limit.25
8.5 Channel bandwidth.26
8.5.1 Definition.26
8.5.2 Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN) .26
8.5.3 Limits.26
8.5.4 Edge of Band Limits.26
8.6 Spurious emissions and cabinet radiation.27
8.6.1 Definitions.28
8.6.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power.28
8.6.3 Limits.28
8.6.4 Measuring receiver.28
8.7 Cordless audio transmitter shutoff.29
8.7.1 Definition.29
8.7.2 Method of measurement.29
8.7.3 Limits.29
9 Receiver.30
9.1 Spurious emissions and cabinet radiation.30
9.1.1 Definitions.30
9.1.2 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load.30
9.1.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power of the enclosure .30
9.1.4 Method of measuring the effective radiated power.31
9.1.5 Limits.31
10 Measurement uncertainty.31
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
10.1 Compliance assessment when measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable
uncertainty.31
10.2 Compliance assessment when measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty .32
10.3 Maximum allowable measurement uncertainties .32
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.33
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.33
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.33
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.34
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .35
A.1.4 Test antenna.36
A.1.5 Substitution antenna.37
A.1.6 Measuring antenna.37
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement.37
A.1.7.1 General.37
A.1.7.2 Description.37
A.1.7.3 Calibration.37
A.1.7.4 Mode of use .37
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .38
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .38
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.38
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.38
A.2.4 Volume control setting for analogue speech tests .38
A.2.5 Range length.39
A.2.6 Site preparation.39
A.3 Coupling of signals.40
A.3.1 General.40
A.3.2 Data Signals.40
A.3.3 Speech and analogue signals .40
A.3.3.1 Acoustic coupler description.40
A.3.3.2 Calibration.41
A.4 Standard test position.41
A.5 Test fixture.41
A.5.1 Description.41
A.5.2 Calibration.42
A.5.3 Mode of use.43
Annex B (normative): Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN) .44
Annex C (informative): Receiver parameters.45
C.1 Blocking or desensitization .45
C.1.1 Definition.45
C.1.2 Method of measurement.45
C.1.2.1 Measurement procedure.45
C.1.2.2 Definitions.45
C.1.2.3 Limits for applications below 1 GHz.46
C.1.2.4 Limits for applications above 1 GHz .46
C.2 Frequency mask for the receiver part.46
C.2.1 Definition.46
C.2.2 Method of measurement.46
C.2.3 Typical values for receivers.47
C.2.3.1 Typical values for receivers with analogue modulation.47
C.2.3.2 Typical values for receivers with digital modulation.47
Annex D (informative): Derivation of radiated spurious emissions limit for Band II LPD .48
Annex E (informative): Justifications for field strength measurement.49
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
Annex F (informative): Bibliography.50
History .51

ETSI
7 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document may contain text concerning conformance
testing of the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make the
present document mandatory.
Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B provides a graphic representation of the equipment and frequencies for the testing of single and
multi frequency equipment.
Annex C provides informative parameters on the receiver part, which are intended to give guidance to manufacturers.
Annex D provides information on the derivation of radiated emissions limits for Band II LPD.
Annex E provides a justification for field strenght limis for Band II LPD
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering cordless audio devices in the range 25 MHz to
2 000 MHz; as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 21 July 2006
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 October 2006
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 April 2007
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 April 2007

ETSI
8 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
Introduction
In preparing the present document, much attention has been given to assure a low interference probability, while at the
same time allowing a maximum flexibility and service to the end-user.
The harmonized standard EN 301 357-2 provides the necessary parameters for equipment to obtain common approval
throughout Europe. Common technical specifications and harmonized frequency allocations are expected to reduce the
present problems of interference and illegal use.
The present document is used for conformity testing based on spectrum utilization parameters and does not include
performance characteristics that may be required by the user or requirements for interfacing equipment.
The present document is intended to specify the minimum performance and the methods of measurement of cordless
audio equipment in the range 25 MHz to 2 000 MHz, including:
• consumer radio microphones and in ear monitoring equipment in the range 863 MHz to 865 MHz;
• Band II LPD (low power devices) in the 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz range (Broadcasting Band II);
• and other devices and frequency bands defined within REC 70-03 or National regulation.
Consumer radio microphones and in ear monitoring equipment may be tested to either EN 300 422 [4] for equipment
with maximum occupied bandwidth <200 kHz or to the present document for equipment with maximum occupied
bandwidth >200 kHz with due consideration of power and operating frequency.
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
1 Scope
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
Cordless audio devices covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range devices, the
power limits for frequency bands will be found in the current version of CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03, annex 13 (or national
regulations).
Stereo equipment can be designed for required channel bandwidths of 200 kHz or less, however consumer wideband
(multi channel) audio equipment and stereo equipment using e.g. Zenith-GE pilot tone systems or digital modulation
may need wider bandwidths as defined in the present document.
The present document applies to cordless audio consumer radio microphones, in ear monitoring equipment using either
300 kHz bandwidth analogue modulation or:
• 300 kHz, 600 kHz, 1 200 kHz digital FDMA modulation; and
• Band II LPD (low power devices) using 200 kHz bandwidth and analogue modulation.
The frequency bands for this equipment may differ from country to country as specified in their national regulations.
All equipment is intended to be used with integral antennas.
Consumer audio equipment intended for audio and voice operating below 50 MHz and using narrow band modulation
are considered and tested according to EN 300 220 [6].
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-9 [3].
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
- cordless headphones;
- cordless loudspeakers;
- consumer radio microphones;
- in-ear monitoring;
- in-vehicle cordless;
- personal cordless;
- broadband multi channel audio systems;
- Band II LPD.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] ITU-R Recommendation BS.559-2: "Objective measurement of radio-frequency protection ratios
in LF, MF and HF broadcasting".
[2] IEC 60244-13: "Methods of measurement for radio transmitters - Part 13: Performance
characteristics for FM sound broadcasting".
[3] ETSI EN 301 489-9: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 9: Specific
conditions for wireless microphones, similar Radio Frequency (RF) audio link equipment, cordless
audio and in-ear monitoring devices".
[4] ETSI EN 300 422: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Technical
characteristics and test methods for wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency
range".
[5] ETSI TR 100 027: "ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Methods
of measurement for private mobile radio equipment".
[6] ETSI EN 300 220 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz frequency
range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW".
[7] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[8] ANSI C63.5: "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated Emission
Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control-Calibration of Antennas (9 kHz to
40 GHz)".
[9] IEC 60489-3: "Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in the mobile services.
Part 3: Receivers for A3E or F3E emissions".
[10] ETSI EN 301 489-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 1: Common technical requirements".
[11] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
artificial antenna: tuned reduced-radiating dummy load equal to the nominal impedance specified by the applicant
channel bandwidth: frequency band of defined width including safety margin for operation on adjacent channels,
located symmetrically around the carrier frequency
integral antenna: antenna, with or without a connector, designed as, and declared as by the manufacturer, an
indispensable part of the equipment
integral antenna for Band II LPD only: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an
indispensable part of the equipment
necessary bandwidth: is, for a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to
ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions
NOTE: However, the necessary bandwidths of most digital modulation formats are presently not referred to
ITU-R Recommendations of SM series.
occupied bandwidth: width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the
mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage β/2 of the total mean power of a given emission.
NOTE: Unless otherwise specified in an ITU-R Recommendation for the appropriate class of emission, the value
of β/2 should be taken as 0,5%.
port: any connection point on or within the Equipment Under Test (EUT) intended for the connection of cables to or
from that equipment
radiated measurements: measurements that involve the absolute measurement of a radiated electromagnetic field
spurious emission: emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of
which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include
harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ wavelength in metres
µF micro Farad
µW micro Watt
Ω ohm
dBc dB relative to the carrier level
E field strength
fc carrier frequency
fo operating frequency
GHz Giga Hertz
kHz kilo Hertz
MHz Mega Hertz
mW milli Watt
nW nano Watt
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ac alternating current
B channel Bandwidth
BN Necessary Bandwidth
CW Continuous Wave
dc direct current
erp effective radiated power
EUT Equipment Under Test
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
FM Frequency Modulation
HF High Frequency
LF Low Frequency
LPD Low Power Device
MF Medium Frequency
OATS Open Area Test Site
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
SINAD (Signal + Noise + Distortion) to (Noise + Distortion)
SRD Short Range Devices
Tx Transmitter
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Functional characteristics
4.1 Cordless audio
Cordless audio equipment encompasses e.g. radio linked headphones and loudspeakers. The transmitters may be
installed in a building, fitted in a vehicle or body worn. The term cordless is also used to describe infra red and other
non-RF "wireless" links, but in the context of the present document it is restricted to RF operating systems only. Stereo
equipment can be designed for required channel bandwidths of 200 kHz or less, however consumer wideband (multi
channel) audio equipment and stereo equipment using e.g. Zenith-GE pilot tone systems or digital modulation may need
wider bandwidths as defined in the present document.
Other equipment that may be connected to cordless audio equipment shall fulfil the standards applicable to that
equipment (if any).
4.1.1 In-vehicle cordless
In-vehicle systems are used for private listening in automobiles and other methods of transport (where permitted).
4.1.2 Personal cordless
Personal cordless transmitters are to enable the body worn personal stereo equipment to be wire free.
4.1.3 Broadband multi channel systems
Broadband multi channel systems are used for the transmission of high quality digital audio. These can be e.g. surround
sound systems or uncompressed audio. They are intended to be used in spectrum above 1 GHz.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 301 357-1 V1.3.1 (2006-07)
4.1.4 Band II LPD
Short range low power FM transmitters operating in the FM Broadcast band 88 MHz to 108 MHz are used for the
provision of an rf link between a personal audio device, including mobile phone, and the in-car or home entertainment
system.
4.2 Consumer radio microphones
Consumer radio microphones are intended for non-professional applications.
4.3 In-ear monitoring
In-ear monitoring equipment is used by stage and studio performers to receive personal fold back (monitoring) of the
performance. This can be just their own voice or a complex mix of sources. This equipment is usually stereo or
2 channel audio.
Other equipment that may be connected to in-ear monitoring equipment shall fulfil the standards applicable to that
equipment (if any).
5 General
5.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Each equipment submitted for performance testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all channels
over which it is intended to operate.
The applicant shall complete the appropriate application form or test plan when submitting equipment for testing.
The applicant shall state the channel bandwidth(s) within which the equipment is designed to operate.
The applicant shall also supply all relevant interface information and any tools and test fixtures to allow:
• direct current (dc) power connection;
• analogue audio connection;
• the deviation limiting of the transmitter; and
• the setting of any input audio level controls and input signal level for normal operation, for a sinusoidal input
signal of 500 Hz (or 1khz in the case of Band II LPD). The manufacturer shall specify the settings of any other
controls necessary to avoid invalidating the test measurements.
In the case of Band II LPD it may be necessary for integrated equipment to create a stored data file of 1 kHz stereo
sinusoidal tones to stimulate the input to the transmitter. The amplitude of such tones should be variable (but the same
amplitude for each tone) to enable the correct adjustment
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