SIST EN 12697-11:2006
(Main)Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen
This European Standard specifies procedures for the determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen and its influence on the susceptibility of the combination to stripping. This property is intended to be of assistance to the designer for mixture design rather than as a type test. Susceptibility to stripping, as determined by these procedures, is an indirect measure of the power of a binder to adhere to various aggregates, or of various binders to adhere to a given aggregate. The procedures can also be used to evaluate the effect of moisture on a given aggregate-binder combination with or without adhesion agents including liquids, such as amines, and fillers, such as hydrated lime or cement.
In the rolling bottle method, the affinity is expressed by visual registration of the degree of bitumen coverage on uncompacted bitumen-coated mineral aggregate particles after influence of mechanical stirring action in the presence of water.
NOTE 1 The rolling bottle test is a simple but subjective test and suitable for routine testing. It is not appropriate for aggregates that are highly abrasive.
In the static test method, the affinity is expressed by visual registration of the degree of bitumen coverage on uncompacted bitumen-coated mineral aggregate particles after storage in water.
NOTE 2 The static test is a simple but subjective test that is less precise generally but can cope with high PSV-aggregates.
In the boiling water stripping test method, the affinity is expressed by determining the degree of bitumen-coverage on uncompacted bitumen-coated aggregate after immersion in boiling water under specified conditions.
NOTE 3 The boiling water stripping test is an objective test and has a high precision. However, it is a more specialist test because it requires greater skill of the operatives and uses chemicals as reagent. The latter point may also imply extra health and safety considerations. (continued)
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 11: Bestimmung der Affinität von Gesteinskörnungen und Bitumen
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren fest zur Bestimmung der Affinität von Gesteinskörnungen und Bitu-men
und des Einflusses dieser Affinität auf die Anfälligkeit für das Ablösen des Bindemittels von der Gesteins-körnung.
Diese Eigenschaft sollte vom Entwickler anstelle von Eignungsprüfungen in erster Linie für die Erstel-lung
von Mischgutrezepturen verwendet werden. Die nach diesen Verfahren bestimmte Anfälligkeit für das
Ablösen des Bindemittels von der Gesteinskörnung ist ein indirektes Maß für das Haftvermögen dieses Binde-mittels
an verschiedenen Gesteinskörnungen oder für das Haftvermögen verschiedener Bindemittel an einer
bestimmten Gesteinskörnung. Diese Verfahren können auch zur Beurteilung der Auswirkung von Feuchte auf
bestimmte Kombinationen aus Gesteinskörnung und Bindemittel mit oder ohne Haftvermittler, einschließlich
Flüssigkeiten, wie z. B. Aminen, und Zusätze, wie z. B. hydratisierter Kalk oder Zement, herangezogen
werden.
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange hydrocarboné a chaud - Partie 11: Détermination de l'affinité granulat-bitume
Le présent document spécifie des modes opératoires pour déterminer l’affinité entre granulat et bitume et son influence sur la susceptibilité de la combinaison au désenrobage. Cette propriété est plutôt destinée a aider le concepteur a formuler le mélange qu’a représenter un essai pour épreuve de formulation. La susceptibilité au désenrobage, telle que déterminée par ces modes opératoires, est une mesure indirecte de la capacité du liant a adhérer a différents granulats ou de différents liants a adhérer a un granulat donné. Les modes opératoires peuvent également etre utilisés pour évaluer l’effet de l’eau sur une combinaison granulats-liant avec ou sans dope d’adhésivité que ce soit des liquides comme les amines, des fillers comme la chaux hydratée ou le ciment.
Dans la méthode «de la bouteille tournante», l’affinité est exprimée par le degré d’enrobage de bitume, déterminé visuellement, de granulats minéraux enrobés de bitume, non compactés, apres une agitation mécanique en présence d’eau.
NOTE 1 L’essai «de la bouteille tournante» est simple mais subjectif et approprié pour des essais de routine. Il ne convient pas pour les granulats hautement abrasifs.
Dans la méthode de l’essai statique, l’affinité est exprimée par le degré d’enrobage de bitume, déterminé visuellement, de granulats minéraux enrobés de bitume, non compactés apres le stockage dans l’eau.
NOTE 2 L’essai statique est simple mais subjectif ; il est généralement moins précis mais est approprié aux granulats a haut coefficient de polissage accéléré.
Dans la méthode de l’essai de désenrobage a l’eau bouillante, l’affinité est exprimée par le degré d’enrobage de bitume de granulats minéraux enrobés de bitume, non compactés apres immersion dans l’eau bouillante dans des conditions spécifiées.
NOTE 3 L’essai de désenrobage a l’eau bouillante est objectif et tres précis. Toutefois, il s’agit d’un essai plus spécialisé car il exige un personnel plus qualifié et il utilise des réactifs chimiques. Ce de
Bitumenske zmesi – Preskusne metode za vroče asfaltne zmesi – 11. del: Ugotavljanje sprijemljivosti med agregatom in bitumnom
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 12697-11:2006
01-januar-2006
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12697-11:2004
%LWXPHQVNH]PHVL±3UHVNXVQHPHWRGH]DYURþHDVIDOWQH]PHVL±GHO
8JRWDYOMDQMHVSULMHPOMLYRVWLPHGDJUHJDWRPLQELWXPQRP
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 11: Determination of the
affinity between aggregate and bitumen
Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 11: Bestimmung der Affinität von
Gesteinskörnungen und Bitumen
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange hydrocarboné a chaud - Partie
11: Détermination de l'affinité granulat-bitume
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12697-11:2005
ICS:
93.080.20 Materiali za gradnjo cest Road construction materials
SIST EN 12697-11:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12697-11
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2005
ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-11:2003
English Version
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part
11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen
Mélanges bitumineux - Essais pour enrobés à chaud - Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 11:
Partie 11: Détermination de la affinité entre granulation et Bestimmung der Affinität von Gesteinskörnungen und
bitume Bitumen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 August 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12697-11:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
EN 12697-11:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .4
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions.7
4 Principle.8
5 Equipment .9
5.1 Test sieves.9
5.2 Ventilated oven .9
5.3 Temperature measuring device: .9
5.4 Balance .9
5.5 Metal containers (tins) .9
5.6 Mixing bowl .9
5.7 Spatula.9
5.8 Silicone coated paper or a flat metal lid.9
5.9 Refrigerator .10
5.10 Test bottles.10
5.11 Glass-rods .10
5.12 Bottle rolling machine .10
5.13 Glass beakers.10
5.14 Test bowls .10
5.15 Lamp .11
5.16 Magnifying glass.11
6 Preparation of test specimens .11
6.1 Aggregate .11
6.2 Bitumen .12
6.3 Mixing aggregate and bitumen .12
7 Conditioning.13
8 Procedure .13
9 Calculation and expression of results.14
10 Report .14
11 Precision.15
12 Equipment .16
12.1 Shallow tray(s) .16
12.2 Mixing bowl .16
12.3 Heating apparatus.16
13 Solvent and other materials .16
14 Preparation of test specimens .16
15 Procedure .16
16 Calculation and expression of results.17
17 Report .17
18 Precision.17
19 Equipment and materials.18
19.1 Test sieves.18
2
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
EN 12697-11:2005 (E)
19.2 Ventilated oven .18
19.3 Temperature measuring device .18
19.4 Balance .18
19.5 Metal containers (tins).18
19.6 Mixing bowl .18
19.7 Glass and polyethylene beakers.18
19.8 Titration burette .18
19.9 Chronometer .19
19.10 Gloves.19
19.11 Netting .19
19.12 Reagents.19
19.13 Heating plate or Bunsen burner.20
19.14 Distilled or de-mineralised water .20
20 Sample preparation.20
20.1 Aggregate .20
20.2 Bitumen .20
20.3 Mixing aggregate and bitumen .20
21 Conditioning.21
22 Test procedure.21
22.1 Establishing the acid/base equivalence factor.21
22.2 Establishing the calibration curve.21
22.3 Stripping test.22
23 Calculation.23
23.1 Determination of the calibration curve.23
23.2 Calculation of the degree of bitumen coverage.24
24 Test report .25
25 Precision.25
3
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
EN 12697-11:2005 (E)
Foreword
This European Standard (EN 12697-11:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227
“Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by March 2006.
This European Standard supersedes EN 12697-11:2003.
This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below:
EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content.
EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution.
EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Binder recovery: Rotary
evaporator.
EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Binder recovery:
Fractionating column.
EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density.
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimen.
EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens by gamma rays.
EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens.
EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 9: Determination of the
reference density.
EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactability.
EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of the
affinity between aggregates and bitumen.
EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water
sensitivity of bituminous specimens.
EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature
measurement.
EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content.
EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of the
segregation sensitivity.
EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres.
EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous
asphalt specimen.
EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage.
EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen.
4
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
EN 12697-11:2005 (E)
EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or
Marshall specimens.
EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate
specimens.
EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking.
EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Determination of the
indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens.
EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue.
EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test.
EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness.
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling.
EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, water content and grading.
EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the
dimensions of bituminous specimen.
EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Specimen preparation by
impact compactor.
EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation by
gyratory compactor.
EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of
bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor.
EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen preparation by
roller compactor.
EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test.
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing.
EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Determination of the
thickness of a bituminous pavement.
EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the
adhesivity of binder on pre-coated chippings for HRA.
EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and
calibration.
EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition.
prEN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 40: In-situ drainability.
EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icing
fluids.
prEN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of foreign matter
in reclaimed asphalt.
EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
5
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
EN 12697-11:2005 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies procedures for the determination of the affinity between aggregate and
bitumen and its influence on the susceptibility of the combination to stripping. This property is intended to be
of assistance to the designer for mixture design rather than as a type test. Susceptibility to stripping, as
determined by these procedures, is an indirect measure of the power of a binder to adhere to various aggregates,
or of various binders to adhere to a given aggregate. The procedures can also be used to evaluate the effect of
moisture on a given aggregate-binder combination with or without adhesion agents including liquids, such as
amines, and fillers, such as hydrated lime or cement.
In the rolling bottle method, the affinity is expressed by visual registration of the degree of bitumen coverage
on uncompacted bitumen-coated mineral aggregate particles after influence of mechanical stirring action in
the presence of water.
NOTE 1 The rolling bottle test is a simple but subjective test and suitable for routine testing. It is not appropriate for
aggregates that are highly abrasive.
In the static test method, the affinity is expressed by visual registration of the degree of bitumen coverage on
uncompacted bitumen-coated mineral aggregate particles after storage in water.
NOTE 2 The static test is a simple but subjective test that is less precise generally but can cope with high PSV-
aggregates.
In the boiling water stripping test method, the affinity is expressed by determining the degree of bitumen-
coverage on uncompacted bitumen-coated aggregate after immersion in boiling water under specified
conditions.
NOTE 3 The boiling water stripping test is an objective test and has a high precision. However, it is a more specialist
test because it requires greater skill of the operatives and uses chemicals as reagent. The latter point may also imply extra
health and safety considerations.
NOTE 4 The boiling water stripping test procedure can be used for any binder-aggregate combinations in which the
mineral aggregate is calcareous, silico-calcareous or siliceous by nature.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders — Sampling bituminous binders
EN 932-1, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 1: Methods for sampling
EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates - Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples
EN 1426, Bitumen and bituminous binders — Determination of needle penetration
EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures - Test method for hot mix asphalt - Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 35: Laboratory mixing
6
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
EN 12697-11:2005 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
affinity between aggregate and bitumen
degree of bitumen coverage visually determined on uncompacted bitumen coated mineral aggregate particles
after influence of mechanical stirring action in the presence of water
3.2
percentage of stripping
average proportion of the surface area of the aggregate particles from which the binder is soaked off due to
the action of water, expressed as a percentage
3.3
degree of bitumen coverage
average proportion of the surface area of the aggregate particles that are covered with bitumen, expressed as
a percentage (equal to 100 minus the percentage of stripping)
3.4
completely coated
aggregate particle is completely coated by binder when there are no visible breaks, however small, in the film
of binder covering the particle
3.5
acid/base equivalence factor, r
ratio of the volume of base needed to neutralise 25 ml of acid
3.6
normality, N
molar concentration expressed in hydrogen equivalent
3.7
precision
closeness of agreement between independent test results obtained under stipulated conditions
NOTE 1 Precision depends only on the distribution of random errors and does not relate to the true value or the
specified value.
NOTE 2 The measure of precision is usually expressed in terms of imprecision and computed as a standard deviation
of the test results. Less precision is reflected by a larger standard deviation.
NOTE 3 “Independent test results” means results obtained in a manner not influenced by any previous result on the
same or similar test object. Quantitative measures of precision depend critically on the stipulated conditions. Repeatability
and reproducibility conditions are particular sets of extreme conditions.
3.8
repeatability
precision under repeatability conditions
3.9
repeatability conditions
conditions where independent test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in the
same laboratory by the same operator using the same equipment within short intervals of time
3.10
repeatability limit
value less than or equal to which the absolute difference between two test results obtained under repeatability
conditions may be expected to be within probability of 95 %
7
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
EN 12697-11:2005 (E)
NOTE The symbol used is r.
3.11
reproducibility
precision under reproducibility conditions
3.12
reproducibility conditions
conditions where test results are obtained with the same method on identical test items in different
laboratories with different operators using different equipment
3.13
reproducibility limit
value less than or equal to which the absolute difference between two test results obtained under
reproducibility conditions may be expected to be with a probability of 95 %
NOTE The symbol used is R.
3.14
single test result
value obtained by applying the standard test method fully, once to a single specimen; it may be the mean of
two or more observations or the result of a calculation from a set of observations as specified by the
standardised test method
4 Principle
An aggregate is sieved in accordance with EN 12697-2. The 8 mm to 11,2 mm (alternatively 5,6 mm to 8 mm
or 6,3 mm to 10 mm) fraction is washed, dried and mixed with bitumen to obtain uniform, total coverage.
For the method described in Part A, the bitumen coated aggregate is placed loosely distributed on a metal
plate or silicone coated paper, stored at ambient temperature overnight, and then divided into three part
samples for analysis. Each part sample is transferred to a bottle filled with water. The bottle is sealed and
placed on a bottle-rolling device. The bottles are rolled at ambient temperature and at a specified speed. At
specified time intervals the degree of bitumen coverage on the aggregate particles is visually estimated by two
technicians independently.
For the method described in Part B, the bitumen coated aggregate is immersed in distilled water for 48 h and
the number of particles that are no longer completely coated assessed.
For the method described in Part C, the aggregate is sieved in accordance with EN 12697-2. The 7 mm to
14 mm fraction (or alternatively another fraction) is washed, dried and mixed with bitumen to obtain uniform,
total coverage. The bitumen coated aggregate is subjected to stripping in boiling water under specified
conditions, using a simple device in which no local overheating can occur. By contact with a chemical reagent, the
consumption of which is proportional to the uncoated surface of the aggregate, the degree of bitumen coverage is
determined with reference to a calibration curve established by a well-defined procedure. The reagent used is
hydrochloric acid for calcareous aggregates and hydrofluoric acid for silico-calcareous or siliceous aggregates.
8
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SIST EN 12697-11:2006
EN 12697-11:2005 (E)
Part A: Rolling Bottle Method
5 Equipment
5.1 Test sieves
Square openings conforming to EN 12697-2; 11,2 mm and 8 mm; 8 mm and 5,6 mm; or 6,3 mm and 10 mm.
5.2 Ventilated oven
Thermostatically controlled, adjustable from 100 °C to 180 °C, able to maintain the sample at (110 ± 5) °C for
drying procedure and at the specified mixing temperature ±5 °C (refer to 6.3.1).
5.3 Temperature measuring device:
5.3.1 Temperature measuring device, capable of measuring the water temperature of 5 °C and 20 °C with
an accuracy of ±1 °C.
5.3.2 Temperature measuring device, capable of measuring the aggregate and bitumen temperature at a
range of 110 °C to 180 °C with an accuracy of ±2 °C.
NOTE The temperature measuring device may be a thermometer or an electronical measuring device.
5.4 Balance
Capacity not less than 600 g, capable of determining an aggregate portion of 510 g with an accuracy of ±2 g,
and a balance capable of determining a binder test portion of 16 g to 18 g with an accuracy of ±0,2 g (see
6.1.3 and 6.3.6).
NOTE A "dual range" type balance may allow to weigh the aggregate and bowl with an accuracy of ±2 g and after
use of tare-function to determine the mass of binder added into the same mixing bowl with an accuracy of ±0,2 g.
5.5 Metal containers (tins)
Suitable size for bitumen heating and addition of adhesion agent.
5.6 Mixing bowl
Glazed porcelain bowl or other bowl with smooth non-absorbent surface, suitable for mixing the specified test
portion in accordance with Clause 6.
NOTE A porcelain bowl with diameter of 200 mm and internal height 50 mm may be considered suitable.
5.7 Spatula
Made of metal or other suitable, non-absorbent material for mixing of bitumen an
...
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