SIST EN 62281:2017
(Main)Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport (IEC 62281:2016)
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport (IEC 62281:2016)
This International Standard specifies test methods and requirements for primary and
secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport
other than for recycling or disposal. Requirements specified in this standard do not apply in
those cases where special provisions given in the relevant regulations, listed in 7.3, provide
exemptions.
NOTE Different standards may apply for lithium-ion traction battery systems used for electrically propelled road
vehicles.
Sicherheit von Primär- und Sekundär-Lithiumbatterien beim Transport (IEC 62281:2016)
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport (IEC 62281:2016)
Varnost primarnih in sekundarnih litijevih členov in baterij med transportom (IEC 62281:2016)
Ta mednarodni standard določa preskusne metode ter zahteve za primarne in sekundarne (polnilne) litijeve člene in baterije za zagotovitev njihove varnosti med transportom, ne vključuje pa recikliranja oziroma odlaganja. Zahteve, določene v tem standardu, se ne uporabljajo za primere, v katerih posebne določbe, podane v ustreznih predpisih, navedenih v točki 7.3, določajo izjeme.
OPOMBA: za litij-ionske sisteme pogonskih akumulatorjev, ki se uporabljajo za cestna vozila na električni pogon, se lahko uporabljajo različni standardi.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 62281:2017
01-junij-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 62281:2013
9DUQRVWSULPDUQLKLQVHNXQGDUQLKOLWLMHYLKþOHQRYLQEDWHULMPHGWUDQVSRUWRP ,(&
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport (IEC
62281:2016)
Sicherheit von Primär- und Sekundär-Lithiumbatterien beim Transport (IEC 62281:2016)
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport (IEC
62281:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62281:2017
ICS:
29.220.10 3ULPDUQLþOHQLLQEDWHULMH Primary cells and batteries
SIST EN 62281:2017 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 62281:2017
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SIST EN 62281:2017
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62281
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2017
ICS 29.220.10 Supersedes EN 62281:2013
English Version
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries
during transport
(IEC 62281:2016)
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant Sicherheit von Primär- und Sekundär-Lithiumbatterien beim
le transport Transport
(IEC 62281:2016) (IEC 62281:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2017-01-10. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 62281:2017 E
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SIST EN 62281:2017
EN 62281:2017
European foreword
The text of document 35/1370/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 62281, prepared by IEC/TC 35 “Primary
cells and batteries” and SC 21A “Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes” of IEC/TC 21 “Secondary cells and batteries" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC
parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62281:2017.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be (dop) 2017-10-10
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2020-01-10
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62281:2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62281:2016 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60068-2-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-6.
IEC 60068-2-27 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-27.
IEC 60086-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60086-4.
IEC 62133 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62133.
IEC 62660-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62660-1.
2
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SIST EN 62281:2017
IEC 62281
®
Edition 3.0 2016-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
Sécurité des piles et des accumulateurs au lithium pendant le transport
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-3773-1
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Requirements for safety . 10
4.1 General considerations . 10
4.2 Quality plan . 11
4.3 Packaging . 11
5 Type testing, sampling and re-testing . 11
5.1 Type testing . 11
5.2 Overcharge protection . 12
5.3 Battery assemblies. 12
5.3.1 General . 12
5.3.2 Small battery assemblies . 12
5.3.3 Large battery assemblies . 12
5.4 Sampling. 12
5.5 Re-testing . 13
6 Test methods and requirements . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.1.1 Cautionary notice. 13
6.1.2 Ambient temperature . 14
6.1.3 Parameter measurement tolerances . 14
6.1.4 Pre-discharge and pre-cycling . 14
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 14
6.2.1 Shifting . 14
6.2.2 Distortion . 14
6.2.3 Short-circuit . 14
6.2.4 Excessive temperature rise . 14
6.2.5 Leakage . 14
6.2.6 Venting . 15
6.2.7 Fire . 15
6.2.8 Rupture . 15
6.2.9 Explosion . 15
6.3 Tests and requirements – Overview . 15
6.4 Transport tests . 16
6.4.1 Test T-1: Altitude . 16
6.4.2 Test T-2: Thermal cycling . 16
6.4.3 Test T-3: Vibration . 17
6.4.4 Test T-4: Shock . 17
6.4.5 Test T-5: External short-circuit . 18
6.4.6 Test T-6: Impact/crush . 19
6.5 Misuse tests . 21
6.5.1 Test T-7: Overcharge . 21
6.5.2 Test T-8: Forced discharge . 21
6.6 Packaging test – Test P-1: Drop test . 21
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6.7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 22
6.8 Test report . 22
6.9 Transport certificate . 23
7 Information for safety . 23
7.1 Packaging . 23
7.2 Handling of battery cartons . 23
7.3 Transport . 23
7.3.1 General . 23
7.3.2 Air transport. 23
7.3.3 Sea transport . 23
7.3.4 Land transport . 23
7.3.5 Classification . 23
7.4 Display and storage . 24
8 Instructions for packaging and handling during transport – Quarantine . 24
9 Marking . 24
9.1 Marking of primary and secondary (rechargeable) cells and batteries . 24
9.2 Marking of the packaging and shipping documents . 24
Annex A (informative) Shock test – adjustment of acceleration for large batteries . 25
A.1 General . 25
A.2 Shock energy depends on mass, acceleration, and pulse duration . 25
A.3 The constant acceleration approach . 26
A.4 The constant energy approach . 26
Bibliography . 28
Figure 1 – Example of a test set-up for the impact test. 20
Figure A.1 – Half sine shock for batteries (constant peak acceleration) . 26
Figure A.2 – Half sine shock for batteries (constant energy) . 27
Table 1 – Number of primary test cells and batteries for type testing . 12
Table 2 – Number of secondary test cells and batteries for type testing . 13
Table 3 – Number of packages with primary or secondary test cells and batteries. 13
Table 4 – Mass loss limits . 15
Table 5 – Transport and packaging tests and requirements . 16
Table 6 – Vibration profile (sinusoidal) . 17
Table 7 – Shock parameters . 18
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62281 has been prepared jointly by IEC technical committee 35:
Primary cells and batteries and subcommittee 21A: Secondary cells and batteries containing
alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes, of IEC technical committee 21: Secondary cells and
batteries.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2012, and constitutes
a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Deletion of the wire mesh screen from the evaluation of test criteria for an explosion;
b) Extension / modification of the shock test parameters so as to achieve constant energy
behaviour for large batteries as well as explanations in a new Annex A;
c) Modification of the external short-circuit method so as to allow the short-circuit to be
applied to large batteries after they have been removed from the temperature chamber;
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d) Change of the cell diameter distinguishing between impact and crush test from 20 mm to
18 mm;
e) Addition of possible content for a transport certificate.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
35/1370/FDIS 35/1371/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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INTRODUCTION
Primary lithium cells and batteries were first introduced in military applications in the 1970s.
At that time, little commercial interest and no industrial standards existed. Consequently, the
United Nations (UN) Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, although
usually referring to industrial standards for testing and criteria, introduced a sub-section in the
Manual of tests and criteria concerning safety tests relevant to transport of primary lithium
cells and batteries. Meanwhile, commercial interest in primary and secondary (rechargeable)
lithium cells and batteries has grown and several industrial standards exist. However, the
existing IEC standards are manifold, not completely harmonized, and not necessarily relevant
to transport. They are not suitable to be used as a source of reference in the UN Model
Regulations. Therefore this group safety standard has been prepared to harmonize the tests
and requirements relevant to transport.
This International Standard applies to primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and
batteries containing lithium in any chemical form: lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium-ion.
Lithium-metal and lithium alloy primary electrochemical systems use metallic lithium and
lithium alloy, respectively, as the negative electrode. Lithium-ion secondary electrochemical
systems use intercalation compounds (intercalated lithium exists in an ionic or quasi-atomic
form within the lattice of the electrode material) in the positive and in the negative electrodes.
This International Standard also applies to lithium polymer cells and batteries, which are
considered either as primary lithium-metal cells and batteries or as secondary lithium-ion cells
and batteries, depending on the nature of the material used in the negative electrode.
The history of transporting primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries is worth noting.
Since the 1970s, over ten billion primary lithium cells and batteries have been transported,
and since the early 1990s, over one billion secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and
batteries utilizing a lithium-ion system have been transported. As the number of primary and
secondary lithium cells and batteries to be transported is increasing, it is appropriate to also
include in this standard the safety testing of packaging used for the transportation of these
products.
This International Standard specifically addresses the safety of primary and secondary lithium
cells and batteries during transport and also the safety of the packaging used.
1
The UN Manual of Tests and Criteria [12] distinguishes between lithium metal and lithium
alloy cells and batteries on the one hand, and lithium ion and lithium polymer cells and
batteries on the other hand. While it defines that lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and
batteries can be either primary (non-rechargeable) or rechargeable, it always considers
lithium ion cells and batteries as rechargeable. However, test methods in the UN Manual of
Tests and Criteria are the same for both secondary lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and
batteries and lithium ion and lithium polymer cells and batteries. The concept is only needed
to distinguish between small and large battery assemblies. Battery assemblies assembled
from (primary or secondary) lithium metal and lithium alloy batteries are distinguished by the
aggregate lithium content of all anodes (measured in grams), while battery assemblies
assembled from lithium ion or lithium polymer batteries are distinguished by their “nominal”
energy (measured in Watt-hours).
___________
1
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
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SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies test methods and requirements for primary and
secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport
other than for recycling or disposal. Requirements specified in this standard do not apply in
those cases where special provisions given in the relevant regulations, listed in 7.3, provide
exemptions.
NOTE Different standards may apply for lithium-ion traction battery systems used for electrically propelled road
vehicles.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
aggregate lithium content
total lithium content of the cells comprising a battery
3.2
battery
one or more cells electrically connected and fitted in a case, with terminals, markings and
protective devices etc., as necessary for use
Note 1 to entry: This definition is different from the definition used in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria [12].
The standard was, however, carefully prepared so that the test set-up for each test is harmonized with the UN
Manual.
Note 2 to entry: A cell used in equipment where the equipment is providing the functions of a case, terminals,
markings and protective devices etc., as necessary for use in the equipment, is, for the purposes of this standard,
considered to be a battery.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004 [1], 482-01-04, modified – reference to "electrically
connected" has been added]
3.3
battery assembly
battery comprising two or more batteries
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3.4
button (cell or battery)
coin (cell or battery)
small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter, e.g. in the shape
of a button or a coin
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-40, modified – the term "small round cell or battery"
replaces the original "cell with a cylindrical shape"]
3.5
cell
basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals
and, usually, separators that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of
chemical energy
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-01]
3.6
component cell
cell contained in a battery
3.7
cycle (of a secondary (rechargeable) cell or battery)
set of operations that is carried out on a secondary (rechargeable) cell or battery and is
repeated regularly in the same sequence
Note 1 to entry: These operations may consist of a sequence of a discharge followed by a charge or a charge
followed by a discharge under specified conditions. This sequence may include rest periods.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-05-28, modified – the words "secondary (rechargeable)"
have been added]
3.8
cylindrical (cell or battery)
round cell or battery in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-39, modified – the words "round cell or battery"
replace the original "cell with a cylindrical shape"]
3.9
depth of discharge
DOD
percentage of rated capacity discharged from a battery
3.10
first cycle
initial cycle of a secondary (rechargeable) cell or battery following completion of all
manufacturing, formation and quality control processes
3.11
fully charged
state of charge of a secondary (rechargeable) cell or battery corresponding to 0 % depth of
discharge
3.12
fully discharged
state of charge of a cell or battery corresponding to 100 % depth of discharge
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3.13
large battery
battery with a gross mass of more than 12 kg
3.14
large cell
cell with a gross mass of more than 500 g
3.15
lithium cell (primary or secondary (rechargeable))
cell containing a non-aqueous electrolyte and a negative electrode of lithium or containing
lithium
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the design features chosen, a lithium cell may be primary or secondary
(rechargeable).
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-06, modified – the notion of "primary or secondary
(rechargeable)" has been added]
3.16
lithium content
mass of lithium in the negative electrode of a lithium metal or lithium alloy cell or battery in the
undischarged or fully charged state
3.17
lithium ion cell or battery
rechargeable non-aqueous cell or battery in which the positive and negative electrodes are
both intercalation compounds constructed with no metallic lithium in either electrode
Note 1 to entry: Intercalated lithium exists in an ionic or quasi-atomic form with the lattice of the electrode
material.
Note 2 to entry: A lithium polymer cell or battery that uses lithium ion chemistries, as described herein, is
considered as a lithium ion cell or battery.
3.18
nominal energy
energy value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared
...
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