oSIST prEN 13260:2023
(Main)Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheelsets - Product requirements
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheelsets - Product requirements
This document specifies the characteristics of wheelsets for all heavy rail track gauges.
This document applies to heavy rail vehicles and applies, in principle, to other vehicles such as urban rail vehicles.
This document applies to wheelsets made from elements defined by the following European standards:
- EN 13262:2020 for wheels;
- EN 13261:2020 for axles.
The requirements defined in this document apply to cylindrical wheel seats. Most of the requirements also apply to wheelsets with conical wheel seats. If needed, specific requirements for conical wheel seats (e.g. press-fitting curves, geometric dimensions...) are defined in the technical specification.
Some characteristics are given according to category 1 or category 2.
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Radsätze - Produktanforderungen
Dieses Dokument legt die Eigenschaften von Radsätzen für alle Vollbahnspurweiten fest.
Dieses Dokument ist für Vollbahnfahrzeuge und grundsätzlich für andere Fahrzeuge wie z. B. Stadtbahnfahrzeuge anwendbar.
Dieses Dokument ist für Radsätze anwendbar, die aus den durch die folgenden Europäischen Normen festgelegten Teilen bestehen:
- EN 13262:2020 für Räder;
- EN 13261:2020 für Radsatzwellen.
Die in diesem Dokument festgelegten Anforderungen sind für zylindrische Radsitze anwendbar. Die meisten Anforderungen sind ebenfalls für Radsätze mit konischen Radsitzen anwendbar. Falls erforderlich, werden die spezifischen Anforderungen an konische Radsitze (z. B. Aufpresskurven, geometrische Abmessungen, etc.) in der technischen Spezifikation festgelegt.
Einige Eigenschaften sind entsprechend der Kategorie 1 oder Kategorie 2 angegeben.
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Essieux montés - Prescriptions pour le produit
Le présent document spécifie les caractéristiques des essieux montés pour tous les écartements de rails lourds.
Ce document concerne les véhicules ferroviaires lourds et s'applique, en principe, à d'autres véhicules tels que les véhicules ferroviaires urbains.
Le présent document s'applique aux essieux montés composés d'éléments définis par les normes européennes suivantes :
— EN 13262:2020 pour les roues ;
— EN 13261:2020 pour les essieux-axes.
Les exigences définies dans le présent document s'appliquent aux portées de calage cylindriques. La plupart des prescriptions s'appliquent également aux essieux montés à portées de calage conique. Si nécessaire, des exigences spécifiques pour les portées de calage coniques (par ex. courbes de calage à la presse, dimensions géométriques des portées...) sont définies dans la spécification technique.
Quelques caractéristiques sont données en fonction d'une catégorie 1 ou d'une catégorie 2.
Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Kolesne dvojice - Zahtevane lastnosti proizvoda
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13260:2023
01-april-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13260:2020
Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Kolesne dvojice -
Zahtevane lastnosti proizvoda
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheelsets - Product requirements
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Radsätze - Produktanforderungen
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Essieux montés - Prescriptions
pour le produit
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13260
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
oSIST prEN 13260:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13260:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13260
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2023
ICS 45.040 Will supersede EN 13260:2020
English Version
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Wheelsets -
Product requirements
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle -
Essieux montés - Prescriptions pour le produit Radsätze - Produktanforderungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 256.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13260:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Product definition . 7
4.1 Assembly of components . 7
4.1.1 General . 7
4.1.2 Interference between wheel seat and wheel hub bore . 7
4.1.3 Press-fitting diagram . 8
4.2 Wheelset characteristics . 8
4.2.1 Mechanical resistance of assemblies . 8
4.2.2 Fatigue characteristics . 9
4.2.3 Electrical resistance . 10
4.2.4 Dynamic imbalance . 10
4.2.5 Dimensions and tolerances . 11
4.2.6 Residual stresses on the wheel seats . 15
4.2.7 Protection against corrosion and mechanical damage . 15
4.2.8 Marking . 15
5 Product qualification . 15
6 Product delivery conditions . 15
Annex A (normative) Characteristics of the press-fitting curve . 16
Annex B (informative) Information about test pieces for fatigue tests. 19
Annex C (informative) Information to be provided to identify wheelset components . 22
Annex D (normative) Product qualification . 25
D.1 Introduction. 25
D.2 General . 25
D.3 Requirements . 26
D.3.1 Requirements to be fulfilled by the manufacturing process . 26
D.3.2 Qualification of personnel . 26
D.3.3 Requirements to be fulfilled by the product . 26
D.4 Qualification procedure . 26
D.4.1 General . 26
D.4.2 Documentation required . 27
D.4.3 Assessment of the manufacturing facilities and processes . 27
D.4.4 Laboratory tests . 27
D.4.5 Finished product testing . 27
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D.5 Qualification validity . 28
D.5.1 Conditions of validity . 28
D.5.2 Modification and extension . 28
D.5.3 Transference . 28
D.5.4 Lapsed certification . 28
D.5.5 Cancellation . 28
D.6 Qualification file . 29
Annex E (normative) Conditions of product supply . 30
E.1 Introduction. 30
E.2 General . 30
E.3 Specific verifications . 30
E.4 Optional controls . 31
E.4.1 Dimensional check . 31
E.4.2 Ultrasonic examination . 31
E.5 Allowable rectifications . 32
E.6 Documents . 33
E.6.1 Shrink-fitting . 33
E.6.2 Press-fitting . 33
E.6.3 Components . 34
E.7 Quality plan . 34
E.7.1 General . 34
E.7.2 Purpose . 34
E.7.3 Quality Plan terms of application . 34
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the
Essential Requirements of EU Directive (EU) 2016/797 aimed to be covered . 35
Bibliography . 38
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13260:2023) was prepared by the CEN/TC 256 “Railway Applications”
Technical Committee, the secretariat of which is held by the DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13260:2020.
In comparison with the previous edition EN 13260:2020, the following technical modifications
have been made:
— correction of several editing mistakes leading to technical misunderstandings;
— a clearer definition of the requirements for dynamic imbalance (4.2.4) and fatigue tests
(4.2.2);
— a clarification of the product qualification conditions (Annex D);
— a clearer definition of the allowable rectifications of the wheelset after assembly (E.5).
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN/CENELEC by the
European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential
requirements of Directive (EU) 2016/797.
For the relationship with Directive (EU) 2016/797, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral
part of this document.
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Introduction
After several years of use of the first editions of this document, this new edition includes
improvements and additional data.
The product requirements have been harmonized across all three standards for wheelsets, wheels
and axles.
In addition, the annexes concerning product qualification and the conditions of product supply,
which were previously informative, were modified taking into account feedback and have become
normative.
Due to significant in-service feedback on wheelsets in accordance with European Product Design
and Qualification Standards, the fatigue test for the assembly is now limited in this revision to
specific assembly designs and processes.
Annex A, with the press-fitting curves, contains much more detail than the previous version.
Annex C contains information for identifying wheelset components on the basis of standard
EN 15313:2016. In addition, the “Freight Wagons” and “Locomotive and Passenger Vehicles”
Rolling Stock TSIs require that a production verification process exists.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the characteristics of wheelsets for all heavy rail track gauges.
This document applies to heavy rail vehicles and applies, in principle, to other vehicles such as
urban rail vehicles.
This document applies to wheelsets made from elements defined by the following European
standards:
— EN 13262:2020 for wheels;
— EN 13261:2020 for axles.
The requirements defined in this document apply to cylindrical wheel seats. Most of the
requirements also apply to wheelsets with conical wheel seats. If needed, specific requirements
for conical wheel seats (e.g. press-fitting curves, geometric dimensions.) are defined in the
technical specification.
Some characteristics are given according to category 1 or category 2.
2 Normative references
The following documents referred to in the text establish, for all or part of their content, the
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated
references, the last edition of the reference document applies (including any amendments).
EN 13103-1:2017, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Part 1: Design method for axles
with external journals
EN 13261:2020, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Axles — Product requirements
EN 13262:2020, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Wheels — Product requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for standardization, which can be accessed via the
following addresses:
— IEC Electromedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
technical specification
document describing specific parameters and/or product requirements in addition to the
requirements of this document
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3.2
axle categories
classification of the component, based on operational aspects, that determines the list of
requirements to be applied
Note 1 to entry: Category 1 is generally selected when the operating speed is greater than 200 km/h
The wheelset is then composed of wheels and a category 1 axle, according to EN 13262:2020 for wheels and
EN 13261:2020 for axles.
Note 2 to entry: Category 2 is divided into sub-categories (2a and 2b) to specify certain characteristics:
— 2a) max. speed ≤ 120 km/h;
— 2b) 120 < max. speed ≤ 200 km/h
Note 3 to entry: These categories can also be defined in accordance with the technical specification.
4 Product definition
4.1 Assembly of components
4.1.1 General
Before assembly, the various components of the wheelset shall fulfil the geometric requirements
of the specific documents that define them. In particular, the axle and wheels shall be in the “ready
for assembly” state defined in EN 13262:2020 for wheels and EN 13261:2020 for axles.
The components of the wheelset can be shrink-fitted or press-fitted to the axle.
For removal, the press-fitted or shrink fitted components (wheels, brake disc, couplings, gear
wheels) shall use an oil injection feature.
The interference fits to be used shall be defined by the technical specification, depending on the
characteristics of the material used for this element and the forces and torques to be transmitted
through the fit. This interference shall be defined according to the geometric tolerances of the
wheel seats and the interference values are specified in 4.1.2.
In the case of shrink-fitting, the wheel shall be heated and its temperature shall not exceed 250 °C.
If a different heating method is used, proof shall be provided that it has had no influence on the
characteristics of the wheel, as defined in EN 13262:2020.
If another fitting method is used, it shall be defined in the technical specification. It shall at least
demonstrate that the characteristics of the axle and wheel as defined in EN 13261:2020 and
EN 13262:2020 are not affected by the fitting. Then the mechanical resistance of the assembly
(see 4.2.1) shall be demonstrated and the traceability documents for each fitting shall be defined
to give the same type of information as specified in E.6.
The static imbalance of the two wheels on each wheelset shall be within the same diametric plane
and on the same side of the axle. The static imbalance of the brake discs shall be in the same plane
as the wheels but on the opposite side of the axle.
4.1.2 Interference between wheel seat and wheel hub bore
If no other requirement is given in the technical specification, the interference values “j” to fulfil
are, in millimetres:
— for shrink-fitting: 0,000 9 dm ≤ j ≤ 0,001 5 dm;
— for press-fitting: 0,001 0 dm ≤ j ≤ 0,001 5 dm + 0,06;
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where dm is the wheel seat nominal diameter in millimetres.
4.1.3 Press-fitting diagram
4.1.3.1 Results to be achieved
For press-fitting, the force-displacement curve ensures that the fitting has not damaged the
contact surfaces and that the specified interference is effective.
The shape of the curve to be achieved is defined in Annex A.
The final fitting force F is a function of the force F defined in 4.2.1 and shall be within the range:
f
0,85 F ≤ F ≤ 1,45 F
f
This range applies to:
— press-fitting of solid wheels;
— with L /dm 0,8 to 1,1, where dm is the nominal diameter of the wheel seat, and L is the fitting
f f
length (in mm);
— molybdenum-based pastes (MoS ) and tallow.
2
If other lubricants are used, they shall be defined in the technical specification and verified during
the product qualification in accordance with Annex D, including the counter-press test in
accordance with 4.2.1.
4.1.3.2 Measurement method
The press used for assembling shall have a calibrated system to plot the diagram representing the
force value at each position of the element to be fitted, obtained during the displacement of the
element on the axle. The x-axis scale of the displacement shall be at least 0,5 times the actual
displacement of the element to be fitted. The y-axis scale of force shall allow the force to be read
at each point of the curve at an accuracy of 25 kN. The accuracy of the force sensor shall be 10 kN.
The x-axis and y-axis can be inverted.
In the case of point recording, at least one point shall be plotted per millimetre of relative
displacement of the parts to be fitted and per 25 kN variation in force.
4.2 Wheelset characteristics
4.2.1 Mechanical resistance of assemblies
4.2.1.1 General requirements
Annexes A and E define the need to perform this test.
4.2.1.2 Results to be achieved
In order to transmit moments and forces between the axle and the wheel, the assembly shall be
able to withstand an axial force F for 30 s, without displacement between one element and
another.
This force F shall be defined in the technical specification.
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For wheels, if no specific requirement is given in the technical specification, the value of F is as
follows:
F = 4 dm
when
0,8 dm ≤ L ≤ 1,1 dm
f
where
dm is the nominal diameter of the wheel seat in mm, L is the length of the fitting in
f
millimetres and F is the force in kN.
4.2.1.3 Test method
The test shall be performed on a press equipped with a device to record forces.
The force is applied gradually up to the value F, between one of the hub faces of the fitted element
and the axle.
For press-fitted wheels, the counter-press test is recommended to be carried out no earlier than
48 h after the fitting.
For shrink-fitted wheels, the test shall be carried out when the wheel and axle have returned to
the same temperature after the fitting.
4.2.2 Fatigue characteristics
4.2.2.1 General
7
This subclause defines the rotational bending fatigue limit values for 10 cycles. These values are
used to calculate the maximum permissible axle seat stresses and are required for the application
of EN 13103-1:2017. These values are valid for “conventional” axle designs, wheels and assembly
processes (press-fitting or shrink-fitting) and do not need to be verified for product qualification.
NOTE A design is considered “conventional” when the parameters defining the assembled parts fulfil
the requirements of European Product and Design Standards for internal and external journals (e.g.
roughness, geometry, interference adjustment, overlap, diameter ratios, steel grades, etc.).
For other types of design or assembly processes (e.g. cooling a wheel seat, specific diameter ratio,
new materials, specific surface coating of the wheel seat, etc.), the following characteristics shall
be verified and tested at least once in the event of a new or modified set of parameters affecting
the assembly.
These fatigue characteristics are not the same for a solid axle and a hollow axle. This is the result
of the axle bore effect on stress distribution.
For a solid axle, only one fatigue limit (F ) shall be determined under the fitting surfaces.
3
For a hollow axle, given that the fitting effect is greater on journals than on other fitting surfaces
due to the difference in metal thickness, two fatigue limits shall be considered:
— under the wheel seat, excluding journals, limit F ;
4
— under the fitted parts of the journal, limit F
5.
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If necessary, the fatigue limit F or F shall be verified by testing during product qualification (see
3 4
Annex D). The fatigue limit F can be calculated using the ratios F /F = 1,17 and F /F = 1,28.
5 4 5 3 5
NOTE Fatigue characteristics F and F of the axle are defined in EN 13261:2020.
1 2
4.2.2.2 Fatigue limits
The minimum fatigue limits for wheelset axles are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Minimum fatigue limits for wheelset axle (in MPa)
Steel grade F F F
3 4 5
EA1N/EA1T 120 110 94
EA4T 145 132 113
4.2.2.3 Fatigue test pieces
For fatigue testing of wheelsets, a wheel or dummy test wheel with similar dimensions (especially
the hub) shall be press-fitted or shrink-fitted on the wheel seat. The interference shall fulfil the
requirements of 4.1.2.
The area of the test piece where the crack is expected to initiate shall have geometry, environment
and surface characteristics representative of the axle.
Examples of test pieces are given in Annex B.
4.2.2.4 Test method
Tests shall be carried out on machines that can create rotating bending stresses in the area where
it is required to initiate a crack.
For each limit F and F , it shall be verified on three test pieces that no cracks have propagated
3 4
7
after 10 cycles of a load creating a surface stress equal to F or F . Indications with a depth of
3 4
less than 0,5 mm shall not be considered as propagating cracks.
These stress levels shall be calculated on the wheel seat according to the beam theory, without
taking into account the interference stresses.
4.2.3 Electrical resistance
The electrical resistance of each wheelset, measured between the treads of the two wheels shall
not exceed 0,01 Ω.
The device and method used for this measurement shall be defined in the technical specification.
4.2.4 Dynamic imbalance
4.2.4.1 Maximum permissible values
For a non-powered wheelset of a vehicle capable of running at a speed greater than 120 km/h, the
maximum dynamic imbalance values are given in Table 2. They shall be measured in the wheel
plane.
For category 1 wheelsets, the dynamic imbalance shall be measured individually.
For category 2 wheelsets (speed greater than 120 km/h), the dynamic imbalance shall be
measured individually, unless otherwise specified in the technical specification.
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Table 2 — Maximum dynamic imbalance values
Speed Imbalance
km/h g⋅m
120 < S ≤ 200 75
S > 200 50
For a powered wheelset, balancing shall be achieved by the fulfilment of each component
imbalance requirement (wheels, brake discs and other components such as couplings and gears)
and placement in the correct orientation in order to ensure minimum imbalance (see 4.1.1 for
wheels and brake discs). In this case, dynamic imbalance measurement is not necessary.
4.2.4.2 Test piece
The imbalance is measured on a fully assembled and machined wheelset.
4.2.4.3 Test method
The device and method used for this measurement shall be defined in the technical specification.
4.2.5 Dimensions and tolerances
4.2.5.1 General
The dimensions of the wheelset shall be in accordance with the design drawings, and the
dimensional and geometrical tolerances to be applied when assembling the different parts of the
wheelset are given in the following subclauses.
Wheelset dimensions and tolerances depend on the category of the wheelset.
The values are given for measurements made without any load on the wheelset.
4.2.5.2 Wheels
Unless otherwise specified in the technical specification, the parameter tolerances defined in
Figure 1 shall be those given in Table 3.
Figure 1 — Wheelset parameters
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Table 3 — Tolerances on wheelset parameters
Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol Category 2 Category 1
Description
2a 2b
a a1 b b
Distance between the internal wheel faces + 2 + 2
0 0
Difference in distances between the internal face of each wheel c – c ≤ 1 ≤ 1
1
and the plane on the journal side defining the corresponding
or
collar bearing surface
c – c
1
Difference in tread circle diameter d – d ≤ 0,5 ≤ 0,3 ≤ 0,3
1
or
d – d
1
Radial run-out in tread circle h ≤ 0,5 ≤ 0,3 ≤ 0,3
a g ≤ 0,8 ≤ 0,5 ≤ 0,3
Axial run-out of the internal wheel face
a
Measurement at 60 mm beneath the top of the flange.
b
The tolerances may be changed for special designs of wheelsets.
4.2.5.3 Brake discs
4.2.5.3.1 General
The parameter tolerances defined in Figures 2 and 3 shall be those required in Tables 4, 5 and 6.
Table 4 — Axial run-out of the internal face
Dimensions in millimetres
Description Symbol Category 2a Category 2b Category 1
Axial run-out of the internal
g1 ≤ 0,75 ≤ 0,5 ≤ 0,5
a
face
a
See Figures 2 and 3. Measurements at 30 mm from the external diameter.
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4.2.5.3.2 Single-seat axles for one or two brake discs
Figure 2 — Single-seat axle for one or two brake discs
Table 5 — Tolerances for single-seat axles for one or two brake discs
Dimensions in millimetres
Description Symbol Category 1 and 2
Distance between the internal face of the disc crown and the f ±0,5
plane on the journal side defining the corresponding collar
bearing surface
4.2.5.3.3 Double-seat axles for two or four brake discs
Figure 3 — Double-seat axles
...
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