SIST EN ISO 787-16:1997

General methods of test for pigments and extenders - Part 16: Determination of relative tinting strength (or equivalent colouring value) and colour on reduction of coloured pigments - Visual comparison method (ISO 787-16:1986)

The complete procedure consists of four parts: determination of the conditions for the preparation of the dispersion of the coloured pigment, and determination of the ratio of the coloured pigment to white pigment; preparation of the dispersion of the coloured pigment under defined conditions on an automatic muller; mixing the dispersions of coloured pigment and white pigment in a known ratio with a white pigment paste; the strength and undertone of the resulting reduction paste are compared with those of a similar paste made under the same conditions from the agreed reference pigment and the same white pigment paste. - This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition ISO 787/16-1973.

Allgemeine Prüfverfahren für Pigmente und Füllstoffe - Teil 16: Bestimmung der relativen Farbstärke (oder des Färbeäquivalentes) und der Farbe in Weißaufhellung von Buntpigmenten - Visuelles Angleichverfahren (ISO 787-16:1986)

Dieser Teil von ISO 787 beschreibt ein allgemeines Verfahren zum Vergleich der Farbstärke und der Farbe in Weißaufhellung von zwei ähnlichen Buntpigmenten. Die Ergebnisse werden entweder als "relative Farbstärke" oder als "Färbeäquivalent" angegeben. ISO 787/24 beschreibt ein allgemeines photometrisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der relativen Farbstärke von Buntpigmenten.

Méthodes générales d'essai des pigments et matieres de charge - Partie 16: Détermination du pouvoir colorant relatif (ou valeur de coloration équivalente) et de la couleur dégradée des pigments colorés - Méthode de comparaison visuelle (ISO 787-16:1986)

La présente partie de l'ISO 787 décrit une méthode générale d'essai pour la comparaison du pouvoir colorant et de la couleur dégradée de deux pigments colorés semblables, les résultats étant exprimés soit par le «pouvoir colorant relatif», soit par «la valeur de coloration équivalente». L'ISO 787/24 décrit une méthode générale d'essai pour la détermination du pouvoir colorant relatif des pigments colorés, en utilisant une méthode photométrique.  
NOTES 1 Chaque fois que cette méthode générale est applicable pour un pigment donné, il devra simplement y être fait référence dans la Norme internationale relative à ce pigment, en indiquant toutes les modifications de détail qui peuvent être nécessaires en raison des propriétés spéciales du produit. Ce n'est que dans le cas où une telle méthode générale ne serait pas applicable à un produit particulier, qu'il deviendrait nécessaire de spécifier une méthode différente pour la détermination du pouvoir colorant relatif et de la couleu

Splošne metode preskušanja pigmentov in polnil - 16. del: Določanje relativne barvne jakosti in barve po rezanju barvastih pigmentov - Vidna primerjalna metoda (ISO 787-16:1986)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-1997
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: PIP - Pigments and extenders
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-1997
• Due Date: 01-Dec-1997
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-1997
• Ref Project: EN ISO 787-16:1995 - General methods of test for pigments and extenders - Part 16: Determination of relative tinting strength (or equivalent colouring value) and colour on reduction of coloured pigments - Visual comparison method (ISO 787-16:1986)

Overview

SIST EN ISO 787-16:1997 is an international standard developed by CEN that specifies general methods for testing pigments and extenders. This part, titled "Determination of relative tinting strength (or equivalent colouring value) and colour on reduction of coloured pigments - Visual comparison method," outlines a procedure to measure and compare the tinting strength and color of pigments when mixed with white pigments. The method described relies on visual comparison and is supported by sample preparation under defined conditions with an automatic muller, ensuring consistent and reproducible results.

The standard is essential for quality control and product specification in various industries that utilize pigments, such as paints, coatings, and plastics. It helps in assessing the coloring power and color quality of pigments under standardized test conditions.

Key Topics

• Test Procedure: The test involves four main parts:

  • Determining dispersion conditions for colored pigments and the ratio with white pigments.
  • Preparing dispersions using an automatic muller with specified force, number of revolutions, and binder ratios.
  • Mixing colored pigment dispersions with white pigment pastes in known ratios.
  • Visual comparison of strength and undertone between the test and reference pigment pastes.

• Materials and Apparatus:

  • Use of specific binders such as alkyd resin or urethane-modified linseed oil for dispersing pigments.
  • White pigment paste composition typically includes titanium dioxide, binder, and additives.
  • Essential equipment includes an automatic muller with ground glass plates, palette knives, glass panels, and film applicators.

• Preparation and Dispersion:

  • Pigments are carefully dispersed to achieve a fine particle size (<5 µm) and uniformity.
  • Milling concentration is selected based on the binder demand of the pigment (classified into low, intermediate, and high binder demand groups).

• Visual Comparison Methodology:

  • The method is intended as a referee test to establish the relative tinting strength by direct visual assessment.
  • Test and reference samples are prepared under identical conditions to enable accurate color and strength comparison.

• Scope and Limitations:

  • This visual method complements photometric methods (e.g., ISO 787-24).
  • It may not be suitable for certain yellow pigments due to evaluation difficulties, where alternative approaches are recommended.

Applications

• Quality Control in Pigment Manufacturing: Enables manufacturers to consistently measure and compare pigment quality, ensuring batch-to-batch uniformity.

• Paints and Coatings Industry: Facilitates specification compliance by evaluating pigment tinting strength and color, impacting product performance and appearance.

• Color Matching and Product Development: Assists formulators and developers in selecting pigments with desired color properties and strength for new formulations.

• Standardization and Regulatory Compliance: Provides a standardized methodology recognized internationally to support harmonized testing procedures and reduce variability.

Related Standards

• ISO 787 Series: EN ISO 787-16 is part of the broader ISO 787 series, which defines general test methods for pigments and extenders covering aspects such as color comparison (Part 1), matter soluble in water (Parts 3 & 8), oil absorption (Part 5), and light resistance (Part 15).

• ISO 787-24: A photometric method for determining relative tinting strength of coloured pigments, offered as a complementary standardized approach.

• ISO 591: Specifies requirements for titanium dioxide pigments, commonly used as the white pigment in the test paste.

• ISO 1524: Defines the method for testing fineness of grind, ensuring proper pigment particle size during dispersion.

• ISO 3682 & ISO 4629: Related to paint binders and pigment paste components used during the preparation stages in testing.

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Keywords: EN ISO 787-16, pigment testing, relative tinting strength, colouring value, coloured pigments, visual comparison method, pigment dispersion, automatic muller, paint industry standards, pigment quality control, pigment colour evaluation, tinting strength determination, white pigment paste, pigment test standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-1997
6SORãQHPHWRGHSUHVNXãDQMDSLJPHQWRYLQSROQLOGHO'RORþDQMHUHODWLYQH
EDUYQHMDNRVWLLQEDUYHSRUH]DQMXEDUYDVWLKSLJPHQWRY9LGQDSULPHUMDOQDPHWRGD
,62
General methods of test for pigments and extenders - Part 16: Determination of relative
tinting strength (or equivalent colouring value) and colour on reduction of coloured
pigments - Visual comparison method (ISO 787-16:1986)
Allgemeine Prüfverfahren für Pigmente und Füllstoffe - Teil 16: Bestimmung der relativen
Farbstärke (oder des Färbeäquivalentes) und der Farbe in Weißaufhellung von
Buntpigmenten - Visuelles Angleichverfahren (ISO 787-16:1986)
Méthodes générales d'essai des pigments et matieres de charge - Partie 16:
Détermination du pouvoir colorant relatif (ou valeur de coloration équivalente) et de la
couleur dégradée des pigments colorés - Méthode de comparaison visuelle (ISO 787-
16:1986)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 787-16:1995
ICS:
87.060.10 Pigmenti in polnila Pigments and extenders
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

- 787116
International Standard
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDlZATION*MEIK~YHAPOJlHAR OPfAHM3ALWlR fl0 CTAH~APTM3ALWl@ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALlSATlOfi4
General methods of test for Pigments and extenders -
Part 16: Determination of relative tinting strength
(or equivalent colouring value) and colour on reduction
Visual comparison method
of coloured Pigments -
Partie 16: Determination du pouvoir colorant relatif (ou Valeur
M&hodes g&&ales d ’essai des Pigments et matikes de Charge -
Mt5 thode de comparaison visuelle
de coloration Äquivalente) et de Ia couleur ddgradke des Pigments color&s -
’
Second edition - 1986-11-01
w
Y
Ref. No. ISO 787/16-1986 (E)
UDC 667.622 I 620.1: 535.668.2
Q)
tests, determination, colouring power, comparison analysis.
Descriptors : paints, Pigments,
cb
Price based on 5 pages
v)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member, bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. ‘.
International Standard ISO 787/16 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35,
Pain ts and varnisbes.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 787/XVl-19731,
clauses 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 10 of which have been technically revised.
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated.
l
0 International Organkation for Standardkation, 1986
Printed in Switzerland
ii
ISO 787/16-1986 (EI
The purpose of this international Standard is to establish a series of general test
methods for Pigments and extenders which are suitable for all or many of the individual
Pigments and extenders for which specifications might be required. In such cases, a
Cross-reference to the general method should be included in the International Standard
relating to that Pigment or extender, with a note of any detailed modifications which
might be needed in view of the special properties of the product in question.
Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, decided that all the general
methods should be published as they become available, as Parts of a Single Inter-
national Standard, in Order to emphasize the relationship of each to the whole series.
The Technical Committee also decided that, where two or more procedures were wide-
ly used for determining the same or a similar characteristic of a Pigment or extender,
there would be no objection to including more than one of them in the ISO series. In
such cases it will, however, be essential to state clearly in a specification which method
is to be used and, in the test report, which method has been used.
Parts of the series already published are as follows:
: Comparison of colour of Pigments
Part 1
Part 2 : Determination of matter volatile at 105 OC
: Determination of matter soluble in water - Hot extraction method
Part 3
Part 4 : Determination of acidity or alkalinity of the aqueous extract
Part 5 : Determination of oil absorption value
Part 7 : Determination of residue on sieve - Water method - Manual procedure
Part 8 : Determination of matter soluble in water - Cold extraction method
Part 9 : Determination of pH value of an aqueous Suspension
Part 10 : Determination of density - Pyknometer method
Part 11 : Determination of tamped volume and apparent density after tamping
Part 13 : Determination of water-soluble sulphates, chlorides and nitrates
Part 14 : Determination of resistivity of aqueous extract
Part 15 : Comparison of resistance to light of coloured Pigments of similar types
Part 16 : Determination of relative tinting strength (or equivalent colouring value)
and colour on reduction of coloured Pigments - Visual comparison method
Part 17 : Comparison of lightening power of white Pigments
Part 18 : Determination of residue on sieve - Mechanical flushing procedure
Part 19 : Determination of water-soluble nitrates - Salicylic acid method
Part 20 : Comparison of ease of dispersion - Oscillatory shaking method
Part 21 : Comparison of heat stability of Pigments using a stoving medium
Part 22 : Comparison of resistance to bleeding of Pigments
Part 23 : Determination of density (using a centrifuge to remove entrained air)
Part 24 : Determination of relative tinting strength of coloured Pigments and
relative stattering power of white Pigments - Photometric methods

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ISO 787/16-1986 (E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
General methods of test for Pigments and extenders -
Part 16: Determination of relative tinting strength
(or equivalent colouring value) and colour on reduction
Visual comparison method
of coloured Pigments -
The method described is intended as a referee method. lt is
0 Introduction
realized that other binders and white Pigments may be used for
control purposes in laboratories or by agreement between the
This document is a part of ISO 787, Generalmethods of test for
pigmen ts and extenders. interested Parties.
For any particular application, the method of test described in
This revision of ISO 787/16 has been carried out to align the
this International Standard needs to be completed by the
presentation and procedures with those given in ISO 787/24,
following supplementary information. This information should
which describes a photometric method for comparing relative
be derived, in part or totally, from an (inter)national Standard or
tinting strength and colour on reduction of coloured Pigments.
other document related to the product under test or, if ap-
The title has been amended to differentiate between this part of
propriate, should be agreed between the interested Parties.
ISO 787 and ISO 787/24.
a) The binder that should be used (see 5.1).
The degree of development of tinting strength of a coloured
Pigment is dependent on the amount of work done in the
b) The volume (which should be about 2 ml) of the mix of
preparation of the dispersion, so that in determining the relative
Pigment and binder.
tinting strengths of two coloured Pigments it is necessary for
c) The ratio of Pigment to binder.
the comparison to be carried out at the level of maximum
development. In this method, which uses an automatic muller,
d) The ratio of coloured Pigment to white Pigment.
the development of tinting strength is influenced by the forte
e) The forte (which should be the maximum available)
applied, the number of revolutions, the binder, the volume of
that should be applied to the upper plate of the automatic
the mix, and the rheology of the mix. The preliminary test
muller.
&escribed in 8.2 is used to establish the conditions under which
a practical maximum of tinting strength may be obtained on the
f) The number of revolutions of the automatic muller to be
automatic muller. When these conditions are known for a par-
used.
ticular Pigment, the preliminary test is unnecessary and the pro-
cedure described in 8.3 to 8.5 is followed directly.
1 Scope and field of application
The complete test procedure consists of four Parts:
This part of ISO 787 describes a general method of test for
-
determination of the conditions for the preparation of
comparing the tinting strength and colour on reduction of two
the dispersion of the coloured Pigment, and determination
similar coloured Pigments, the results being expressed either as
of the ratio of coloured Pigment to white Pigment (see 8.2) ;
“relative tinting strength” or as “equivalent colouring value ”.
-
preparation of the dispersion of the coloured Pigment
ISO 787/24 describes a general method of test for determining
(sec 8.3) ;
the relative tinting strength of coloured Pigments using a
photometric method.
-
mixing of the dispersions of coloured Pigment and
white Pigment (see 8.4);
NOTES
-
comparison of the colour on reduction of the two mix-
1 When this general method is applicable to a given Pigment, only a
tures, one from the test Sample and the other from the
Cross-reference to it should be included in the International Standard
agreed reference Pigment (see 8.5).
relating to that Pigment, indicating any detailed modification which

ISO 787/16-1986 (E)
5 Materials
may be needed in view of the special properties of the product in ques-
tion. Only when this general method is not applicable to a particular
material should a different method for determination of relative tinting
5.1 Binder
strength and colour on reduction be specified.
The binder shall be agreed between the interested Parties. The
2 This method should not be used for those yellow Pigments for
choice of binder should be made with regard to the field of ap-
which it is difficult to evaluate the tinting strength with the aid of a
plication of the Pigments being tested. For example, the follow-
white Pigment Paste. In this case, it is common practice to use a blue
ing binders are suggested :
Pigment Paste and to compare the strength and undertone of the
resulting green pastes. The choice of the blue and white Pigments for
The proposed binders are available commercially.
the blue Pigment Paste and its composition should be the subject of an NOTE -
agreement between the interested Parties.
51.1 Alkyd resin based on a mixture of 63 % (mlm) linseed
oil and 23 % (p1zlm) phthalic anhydride, and complying with
2 References
the following requirements :
I S 0 591, Titanium dioxide pigmen ts for pain ts.
method
ISO 842, Raw materials for paints and varnishes - Sampling.
15 mg KOH/g max. ISO 3682
acid value
viscosity (solvent free) 7 to 10 Pa-s ISO 3219
ISO 1524, Paints and varnishes - Determination of fineness of
about 40 mg KOH/g ISO 4629
hydroxyl content
grind.
Polymers in the liquid, emulsified or 5.1.2 Urethane-modified linseed Oil, complying with the
ISO 3219, Plastics -
dispersed sta te - Determination of viscosity with a ro tational following requirements :
viscometer at defined shear rate.
Test
method
ISO 3262, Extenders for paints.
approximately 80 %
linseed oil content
ISO 3668, Paints and varnishes - Visual comparison of the nil ISO 3682
acid value
colour of paints.
free isocyanate groups nil
0,8 to 1,2 %
free hydroxyl groups
Binders for pain ts and varnishes - Determination o f
ISO 3682,
viscosity at 20 OC 15 to 18 Pas ISO 3219
acid value - Titrmetric method.
5.2 White Pigment Paste
ISO 4629, Paint media - Determination of hydroxyl value -
Titrime tric me thod. 1 )
The composition of the white Pigment Paste shall be agreed be-
tween the interested Parties. The choice of the white Pigment
Paste shall be made with regard to the nature of the Pigment
3 Def initions
being tested and the binder in the Paste shall be compatible
with the binder to be used in the coloured Pigment dispersion
:A dispersion of a white Pigment
31 . white
Pi!3
(see 8.2.1). Unless otherwise specified, one of the following
in a binder.
binders shall be used.
reduced Paste: A Paste resulting
3.2 reduction Paste ;
lt is strongly recommended that the same binder should be
NOTE -
from mixing a dispersion of a coloured Pigment in a binder with
used for the white Pigment Paste and for the coloured dispersion as
a white Pigment Paste.
this will minimize the likelihood of flocculation and similar effects. See
the note in 5.1.
colour of a Pigment when it
33 colour on reduction: The
has been incorporated in a white Pigment pa ste (3.2).
following
5.2.1 Paste on resin, with the com-
Position :
3.4 reduction ratio : The proportion, by mass, of a coloured
-
40 Parts by mass of titanium dioxide, Grade R2, com-
Pigment to a white Pigment in a re
...