PIP - Pigments and extenders

This document specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for fumed silica.

This document specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for precipitated silica.

This document specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for three types of lithopone pigments.

This document specifies a method for determining the total content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), checking for all 209 possible congeners in pigment materials.
This document is applicable to a working range from1 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg. The lower quantitation limit of this method is 1 mg/kg per congener. Results below 1 mg/kg are considered to be qualitative only.

This document specifies a method for experimental determination of the release of nanoscale pigments and extenders into the environment following a mechanical stress of paints, varnishes and pigmented plastics.
The method is used to evaluate if and how many particles of defined size and distribution under stress (type and height of applied energy) are released from surfaces and emitted into the environment.
The samples are aged, weathered or otherwise conditioned to simulate the whole lifecycle.

EN-ISO 787-19 specifies a general method of test for determining the water-soluble nitrates in a sample of pigments by a spectrophotometric method using salicylic acid.ISO 787-13 specifies a method for determining the water-soluble nitrates in a sample of pigments using Nessler`s method.

EN-ISO 3262-1 gives the definition for the term extender and specifies test methods that are required for most of the subsequent parts of ISO 3262.

This document describes a general method of test for comparing the resistance to light of samples of similar types of coloured pigments (agreed reference pigment and test sample). Two methods of exposure are described in this document. In method A, the material is exposed under glass to natural light. In method B, the material is exposed to direct artificial light.

This document specifies a general method of test for determining the water-soluble sulphates, chlorides and nitrates of pigments.

This document specifies a general method of test for comparing the lightening (reducing) power of a
white pigment with the lightening power of an agreed sample of the same type.
Two procedures (A and B) are specified. Procedure A is quicker than procedure B and is suitable for
testing one sample of pigment; procedure B is better for testing several samples, and especially if a
pigment of unknown lightening power is being tested.

This document defines terms that are used in the field of pigments, dyestuffs and extenders.
For some terms, reference is made to ISO 4618 in which also terms and definitions for colourants are
given, relating to their use in coating materials.

ISO 18473-3:2018 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for fumed silica in powder form for silicone rubber application. This document is applicable to untreated and surface treated fumed silica.

This document specifies a general method of test for determining the electric resistivity (specific electric
resistance) or the specific electric conductivity, respectively, of the aqueous extract of a pigment. The
method is applicable to all pigments and extenders, except pigments that are soluble in water.
The resistivity of the aqueous extract of a pigment is considered as a property independent of the
amount of water-soluble matter. If agreed, a cold extraction method can be used.

This document specifies a general method of test for determining the pH value of an aqueous suspension
of a sample of pigment or extender.

This document specifies a general test method for comparing the colour, in full-shade systems, of white,
black or coloured pigments with that of an agreed reference pigment, using a colorimetric procedure.

This document applies to the industry producing colouring materials and the consumer who uses the
products of this industry. In this document, the colouring materials are classified in accordance with
colouristic and chemical aspects.
Some dyestuffs for use in the ceramics and food industries are listed as examples.

ISO 18473-1:2015 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for surface treated nanoscale calcium carbonate in powder form for sealant application.

ISO 18473-2:2015 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for nanoscale titanium dioxide in powder form for sunscreen application. This part of ISO 18473 covers the surface modified, TiO2.

ISO 18314-1:2015 specifies the method for determining the colour coordinates of a paint film. This method is only applicable to paint films that appear to be uniformly of one colour, i.e. monochromatic, when examined with normal vision. Paint films that do not completely hide a non-transparent substrate represent an opaque system and can be measured by using the procedure in this part of ISO 18314.
Luminescent paint films, transparent paint films, and translucent paint films (for example for display or lamp glass), retroreflecting paint films (for example for traffic signs), and metallic paint films are outside the scope of this part of ISO 18314.

ISO 18314-2:2015 specifies the Saunderson correction for different measurement geometries and the solutions of the Kubelka-Munk equation for hiding and transparent layers. It also specifies methods for the calculations of the tinting strength including the residual colour difference with different criteria and of the hiding power.
The procedures for preparing the samples for these measurements are not part of this part of ISO 18314. They are agreed between the contracting parties or are described in other national or International Standards.

ISO 18314-3:2015 specifies different methods of calculating special indices, which are generally used to describe lightness respectively jetness of samples including chroma or hue within one colour-coordinate.
ISO 18314-3:2015 is applicable to tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinates calculated using colour-matching functions of the CIE 1964 standard colourimetric system. It can be used for the specification of colour stimuli perceived as belonging to a reflecting or transmitting object, where a one-dimensional value is required.

ISO 23900-4:2015 specifies a method of determining the colouristic properties of a test pigment in polyethylene (PE) relative to a standard, and the ease of dispersion DHPE of pigments from the differences in tinting strength of dispersing colouring materials under various conditions. The method is appropriate for use with white pigments.

ISO 23900-5:2015 specifies a method of assessing the degree of dispersion of a colorant in a thermoplastic polymer. The method is suitable for testing colorants in the form of colour concentrates in all polymers used for extrusion and melt-spinning processes.

ISO 23900-6:2015 specifies a method assessing the degree of dispersion of colorants and/or extenders in a thermoplastic polymer. The method is suitable for testing colorants and/or extenders in the form of concentrates or compounds in all polymers used for extrusion processes.

ISO 23900-1:2015 provides an introduction to the various parts of ISO 23900 which describe methods for dispersing pigments and extenders in plastics materials in order to determine their dispersion characteristics and colouristic properties. Methods of assessing dispersion characteristics are described in the subsequent parts of ISO 23900.
The various procedures described permit comparison to be made between similar pigments (for example between a test sample and an agreed reference pigment). The results provide an indication of relative dispersibility under practical conditions of use, provided that the test procedure and plastics material selected are appropriate.

ISO 23900-3:2015 specifies a method of determining in polyethylene (PE) the colouristic properties of a test pigment relative to a standard, and the ease of dispersion DHPE of pigments from the differences in colour strength on dispersing colouring materials under various conditions.
Method A is appropriate for use with organic powder pigments and carbon black pigments in powder form, many of which are subject to compaction (reagglomeration under pressure), for inorganic pigments in powder form and for pigment preparations in powder or flake form.
Method B is appropriate for testing pigments and pigment preparations in granular form and for inorganic pigments in any form.

ISO 23900-2:2015 specifies a method of determining the colouristic properties of a test pigment relative to a standard, and the ease of dispersion DHPVC-P of pigments from the differences in colour strength on dispersing colouring materials under various conditions in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) compounds.
The method is appropriate for use with organic and inorganic black and colour pigments and for pigment preparations.

Procedure for comparing the colour of a coloured pigment with that of an agreed sample. The procedures described in this document are acceptable but the method using an automatic muller is the reference method. The binder is not specified. It shall be agreed between the interested parties. If no binder is agreed, linseed oil, complying with the specification in ISO 150, should be used. - Replaces ISO/R 787/1:1968.

The method is intended for comparing the heat stability by specifying the temperatures of heating and the time of heating; it may also be used for determining the heat resistance of a pigment. The comparison of heat stability is carried out against that of an agreed sample.

The principle of the method consists in the hot extraction of the material by following the procedure specified in ISO 787/3, to the stage of obtaining a perfectly clear filtrate. The determination is carried out with indicator solution (method A). If the solution with the methyl red indicator is yellow (alkaline), titrate it with the hydrochloric acid solution to an orange end-point; if the solution with the methyl red indicator is red (acid), titrate it with the sodium or potassium hydroxide solution to an orange end-point. The other method (method B) is the potentiometric determination. Take 100 ml of the test solution, insert the electrodes of the pH measuring device and read the pH value.

Specifies a method for comparing the resistance to bleeding with that of an agreed sample. The method has been established because it is essentially a practical test and as such is probably of greater general value than other methods.

EN 12878 specifies the requirements and the methods of test for pigments for use in the colouring of building materials based on cement and cement/lime combinations. Pigments covered by this European Standard may also be used in pure lime mortar. For this application see EN 459-1 and EN 459-2. Pigments for this purpose may be single pigments, blends of pigments, or blends of pigments and extenders, in powder or granular form, or aqueous preparations. Pigments typically belong to one of the following classes of compounds: synthetic or natural oxides and hydroxides of iron; oxides of chromium, titanium and manganese; complex inorganic pigments, for example combinations of the above mentioned metal oxides and hydroxides with cobalt, aluminium, nickel and antimony oxides and hydroxides; ultramarine pigments; phthalocyanine blue and green; elemental carbon (shall be regarded as an inorganic pigment); blends of the above materials (which may also include extenders).

This International Standard specifies two methods for determining the solubility of dyestuffs in organic solvents. They are applicable to dyestuffs that do not change chemically under the influence of the solvent and are stable and non-volatile under the specified drying conditions. For volatile solvents (boiling point < 120 °C), the gravimetric procedure is recommended and, for less volatile solvents (boiling point > 120 °C), the photometric procedure is recommended. The choice of procedure should be made on a case-by-case basis. The methods are suitable for concentrations between 1 g and 1 000 g of dyestuff per litre of solvent. Higher concentrations can be used provided the viscosity of the solution is such that the procedure can be carried out readily. The methods are not suitable for the determination of insoluble matter in a dyestuff.

This part of ISO 787 specifies a general method of test for determining the residue on sieve from a sample of pigment or extender dispersed in water. ISO 787-18, General methods of test for pigments and extenders - Part 18: Determination of residue on sieve - Mechanical flushing procedure, specifies a general method of test for determining the residue on sieve from a sample of pigment or extender by a mechanical flushing procedure. For most pigments and extenders, ISO 787-7 and ISO 787-18 will usually give different results, and it is therefore essential to state clearly in a specification which method is to be used and, in the test report, which method has been used.

This International Standard specifies the requirements and the corresponding methods of test for all manufactured and natural iron oxide pigments (except micaceous), including rapid dispersion pigments, in dry form, suitable for general use. These pigments are identified by Colour Index Nos. Red 101 and 102, Yellow 42 and 43, Brown 6 and 7, and Black 11. This International Standard does not cover micaceous iron oxide pigments, transparent iron oxide pigments, granular grey iron oxide and magnetic iron oxide pigments other than those of Colour Index Black 11.

This International Standard specifies the requirements and the corresponding methods of test for all manufactured and natural iron oxide pigments (except micaceous), including rapid dispersion pigments, in dry form, suitable for general use. These pigments are identified by Colour Index Nos. Red 101 and 102, Yellow 42 and 43, Brown 6 and 7, and Black 11. This International Standard does not cover micaceous iron oxide pigments, transparent iron oxide pigments, granular grey iron oxide and magnetic iron oxide pigments other than those of Colour Index Black 11.

This International Standard specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for manufactured and natural micaceous iron oxide (MIO) pigments, in dry form, used primarily in protective coatings for steelwork. In accordance with current practice, the general requirements for micaceous iron oxide pigments have been sub-divided to give a) those requirements that are essential (see Table 2) and b) those requirements that are conditional upon prior agreement between the interested parties (see Table 3). In certain instances, reference may be made to an agreed reference pigment.

This Part of EN 14469  specifies a procedure for determining the relative tinting strength of white pigments in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) at identical concentration of the white pigments by weight. To this end, the white pigments are incorporated into the basic mixture A (see EN 14469 -1) together with a carbon black pigment preparation.

This Part of EN 14469  specifies a procedure for preparing test samples for the testing of colouring materials )  in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) materials. It describes the manner in which basic mixtures as defined in EN 14469 -1 and pigments and pigment preparations are to be used to prepare test samples for the testing of particular pigment properties. The standard is applicable to inorganic and organic pigments, and also to pigment preparations in powder, paste or granular form (see Annex A (informative)).

This Part of EN 14469 specifies a procedure for producing basic mixtures for the testing of colouring materials )  in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) materials, together with the composition of these basic mixtures.
It distinguishes between:
   - basic mixture A (transparent basic mixture)
   - basic mixture B (white basic mixture)

This Part of EN 14469 specifies a method of establishing and evaluating quantitatively the bleeding of pigments from sheets of coloured PVC-P into material of the same kind brought into contact with them. It also sets out the way in which specimens prepared in accordance with prEN 14469-2 shall be tested. It may also be used for determine bleeding from other polymers into white PVC-P.
This Part of EN 14469 does not deal with pigment blooming (see also Annex A, informative).

This International Standard specifies the requirements and the corresponding methods of test for zinc dust pigments suitable for use in protective coatings.

This part of ISO 3262 specifies the requirements and the corresponding methods of test for flux-calcined kieselguhr.

This part of ISO 3262 specifies the requirements and the corresponding methods of test for muscovite-type mica.

This part of EN 12877 describes a method for determining the colour stability of colouring materials under defined conditions in plastics by injection moulding. The result of the determination is a relative value, not an absolute one. The method is applicable for testing colouring materials in thermoplastics that are processible by injection moulding.

This part of ISO 3262 specifies the requirements and the corresponding methods of test for cristobalite.

This part of ISO 3262 on specifications and methods of test for the precipitated calcium silicate.

This part of ISO 3262 specifies the requirements and the corresponding methods of test for products made from naturally occuring talc/chlorite in lamellar form.

This International Standard specifies the requirements and the corresponding methods of test for titanium dioxide pigments for paints.

This part of EN 12877 gives a general introduction to the most widely used methods for determination of colour stability during processing of colouring materials in plastics under the influence of heat. It also specifies those details which are common to the various test methods described in subsequent Parts of EN 12877. The choice of the test method depends on the plastics material to be coloured, the method of processing and the end-use requirements.