SIST ETS 300 461-2 E1:2003
(Main)Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Flexible Multiplexer (FM) equipment; Part 2: Management and control functions
Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Flexible Multiplexer (FM) equipment; Part 2: Management and control functions
To cover management aspects of flexible multiplexer equipment.
Prenos in multipleksiranje (TM) – Oprema fleksibilnega multiplekserja (FM) – 2. del: Funkcije za upravljanje in krmiljene
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
Prenos in multipleksiranje (TM) – Oprema fleksibilnega multiplekserja (FM) – 2.
del: Funkcije za upravljanje in krmiljene
Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Flexible Multiplexer (FM) equipment; Part 2:
Management and control functions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 461-2 Edition 1
ICS:
33.040.20 Prenosni sistem Transmission systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN ETS 300 461-2
TELECOMMUNICATION October 1996
STANDARD
Source: ETSI TC-TM Reference: DE/TM-01013-3
ICS: 33.040.20
Key words: transmission, MUX
Transmission and Multiplexing (TM);
Flexible Multiplexer (FM) equipment;
Part 2: Management and control functions
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1996. All rights reserved.
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
Contents
Foreword .7
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references.9
3 Definitions and abbreviations .11
3.1 Definitions .11
3.2 Symbols .12
3.3 Abbreviations .13
4 Management network.15
4.1 Principle .15
4.2 Application to the Flexible Multiplexer.15
5 Information model .17
6 Management interfaces.17
7 Applications functions.18
7.1 Fault management.18
7.1.1 Alarm surveillance.18
7.1.1.1 Principle.18
7.1.1.2 Alarm-related functions.20
7.1.1.3 Logs and memory.20
7.1.2 Alarm classification.21
7.1.2.1 Alarm type.21
7.1.2.1.1 Communications alarm type probable
cause .21
7.1.2.1.2 Equipment alarms type (core alarm
type) .23
7.1.2.1.3 Processing alarm type .23
7.1.2.1.4 Environmental alarm type .24
7.1.2.1.5 Quality of service .24
7.1.2.1.6 List of alarms probable cause.25
7.1.2.2 Perceived severity level .26
7.1.2.3 Alarm record .27
7.1.3 Test functions.27
7.1.3.1 Loopbacks .27
7.1.3.2 Test devices .27
7.1.3.2.1 Data transmission testing .27
7.1.3.2.2 Analogue transmission testing.27
7.1.3.3 Internal tests .27
7.2 Performance management .28
7.2.1 Long term performance evaluation .28
7.2.2 Short term performance evaluation.28
7.2.2.1 Elementary events for in-service measurement .29
7.2.2.1.1 Anomaly Event (AE), receive part.29
7.2.2.1.2 Anomaly Event (AE), transmit part .29
7.2.2.1.3 Defect Events (DE), receive part .29
7.2.2.1.4 Defect Events (DE), transmit part.29
7.2.2.2 Elementary events for out-of-service measurement.29
7.2.3 Condition of measurement .29
7.2.4 Performance parameters evaluation.30
7.2.5 Performance process.31
7.2.5.1 15 minute process .31
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
7.2.5.1.1 Option 1 - Evaluation without
hysteresis . 31
7.2.5.1.2 Option 2 - evaluation with hysteresis. 32
7.2.5.2 24 hour process . 32
7.2.6 Performance evaluation. 33
7.2.7 General performance functional diagram . 33
7.3 Configuration management. 36
7.3.1 Configuration management overview . 36
7.3.1.1 Functional architecture. 36
7.3.1.1.1 Main functions . 37
7.3.1.1.2 CAS cross-connection functions . 39
7.3.1.1.3 Lower order section protection
function. 41
7.3.1.1.4 Lower order path protection functions. 42
7.3.1.1.5 Tributary signal adaptation functions. 44
7.3.1.1.6 Transfer of unstructured CCITT
Recommendation G.703 [1]/
2 048 kbit/s. 47
7.3.1.1.7 Synchronization function . 47
7.3.1.1.8 Loops and tests functions . 47
7.3.1.1.9 Management functions. 54
7.3.1.2 Object classes. 56
7.3.1.3 Entities-relationships diagrams . 57
7.3.2 Description of the fragments. 63
7.3.2.1 Managed element fragment. 64
7.3.2.2 Aggregate fragment . 64
7.3.2.2.1 pPI1G703TTP (PI functional block) . 64
7.3.2.2.2 e1G704ATTP (PLPT functional block). 65
7.3.2.2.3 e1CTP (connection termination point
at 2 048 kbit/s). 67
7.3.2.2.4 ts16ATTP (PLPT functional block). 68
7.3.2.2.5 e0CTP (Connection termination point
at 64 kbit/s). 69
7.3.2.2.6 casCTP (CAS Connection Point) . 70
7.3.2.2.7 saEocCTP (Sa bit EOC connection
termination point) . 70
7.3.2.2.8 e0G711ALTTP (TSA functional block). 71
7.3.2.2.9 e0G722TTP (TSA functional block) . 72
7.3.2.2.10 e00VBCTP (Voice band connection
termination point) . 73
7.3.2.2.11 e00WBCTP (Wide band connection
termination point) . 73
7.3.2.3 Tributary fragment. 74
7.3.2.3.1 pPI0G703TTP (PI functional block) . 74
7.3.2.3.2 pPIx24TTP (PI functional block) . 75
7.3.2.3.3 pPIv24v10v11TTP (PI functional
block). 76
7.3.2.3.4 pPI2W4WTTP (PI functional block) . 77
7.3.2.3.5 pPI2W4WDCTTP (PI functional block) 78
7.3.2.3.6 pPI4WG722TTP (PI functional block). 79
7.3.2.3.7 G703aF (TPT/TST functional block) . 80
7.3.2.3.8 x24aF (TPT/TST functional block) . 81
7.3.2.3.9 v24aF (TPT/TST functional block) . 83
7.3.2.3.10 2W4WaF (TPT/TST voice band
functional block) . 85
7.3.2.3.11 2W4WDCaF (voice band and DC
signalling functional block) . 87
7.3.2.3.12 4WG722aF (wide band functional
block). 88
7.3.2.3.13 e0tCTP (tributary CTP at 64 kbit/s). 90
7.3.2.3.14 eNx0tCTP (tributary CTP at N x
64 kbit/s). 91
7.3.2.3.15 e00VBCTP (voice band CTP) . 92
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
7.3.2.3.16 e00VBtCTP (voice band tributary
CTP) .92
7.3.2.3.17 e00WBCTP (wide band CTP).93
7.3.2.3.18 e00WBtCTP (wide band tributary
CTP) .94
7.3.2.3.19 sigtCTP (tributary signalling
connection point).94
7.3.2.3.20 sigCTP (signalling connection point) .95
7.3.2.3.21 casTTP (TSA signalling functional
block) .95
7.3.2.4 Cross-connection fragment .98
7.3.2.4.1 fmFabric (XC functional block) .98
7.3.2.4.2 e0CrossConnection .99
7.3.2.4.3 casCrossConnection.100
7.3.2.4.4 e1CrossConnection .101
7.3.2.4.5 mngtCrossConnection .101
7.3.2.4.6 e0gtp (64 kbit/s group termination
point).102
7.3.2.4.7 casgtp (64 kbit/s group termination
point).102
7.3.2.5 Synchronization fragment.103
7.3.2.5.1 fmTimingGenerator (MTS functional
block) .103
7.3.2.5.2 pPI1G703ITSTTP (TIPI functional
block) .104
7.3.2.5.3 pPI1G703OTSTTP (TOPI functional
block) .105
7.3.2.5.4 tSProtectionGroup (MTS functional
block) .106
7.3.2.5.5 tSProtectionUnit (MTS functional
block) .107
7.3.2.6 Optional protection fragment .108
7.3.2.6.1 lPProtectionGroup (LPPSW functional
block) .108
7.3.2.6.2 lPProtectionUnit (LPPSW functional
block) .109
7.3.2.6.3 lSPProtectionGroup (LSPSW
functional block).110
7.3.2.6.4 lSProtectionUnit (LSPSW functional
block) .111
7.3.2.6.5 protectedTTP.111
7.3.2.6.6 unprotectedCTP.112
History.113
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Transmission and
Multiplexing (TM) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
This ETS is needed in order to provide the necessary information to network operators and equipment
manufacturers for the deployment and design of Flexible Multiplexer equipment to be used in synchronous
digital leased line networks. meet the requirements of
This ETS consists of two parts as follows:
Part 1: "Core functions, 2 048 kbit/s aggregate interface functions, tributary interface functions and
special functions" (ETS 300 461-1);
Part 2: "Management and control functions".
Transposition dates
Date of adoption of this ETS: 4 October 1996
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 31 January 1997
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 31 July 1997
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 July 1997
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) addresses management aspects of the Flexible
Multiplexer (FM) equipment. The FM management functions are specified and management network
architecture is described.
NOTE: The requirements of Flexible Multiplexer equipment with a variety of access methods
for use in synchronous digital leased line networks are defined in part 1 of this ETS
(ETS 300 461-1 [31]).
Sub-64 kbit/s signals are not precluded and are considered as an option that may be described according
to the methodology used in this ETS. In the same way, special functions such as Adaptive Differential
Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM), conference bridges, etc., which are only mentioned in an annex of
part 1 (ETS 300 461-1 [31]), are not considered.
The requirements presented here are limited to the basic functions, external characteristics and
performance of the equipment. Some management functions may be implemented in a mediation device
which may support both Q protocol adaptation and Operations Systems (OS) functionalities.
Part 1 of this ETS (ETS 300 461-1 [31]) defines functions and indicates whether or not they are
mandatory. If supported, a function has to be managed according to this part 2 of this ETS. Part 2 of this
ETS specifies when necessary the optional management characteristics (attributes, operations and
notifications) of the objects.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] CCITT Recommendation G.703 (1991): "Physical/electrical characteristics of
hierarchical digital interfaces".
[2] CCITT Recommendation G.704 (1991): "Synchronous frame structures used at
primary and secondary hierarchical levels".
[3] CCITT Recommendation G.711 (1988): "Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice
frequencies".
[4] CCITT Recommendation G.722 (1988): "7 kHz audio-coding within 64 kbit/s".
[5] CCITT Recommendation G.762 (1990): "General characteristics of a
48-channel transcoder equipment".
[6] ITU-T Recommendation G.774.03 (1992): "Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
management of multiplex-section protection for the network element view".
[7] ITU-T Recommendation G.784 (1994): "Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
management".
[8] ITU-T Recommendation G.805 (1995): "Generic functional architecture of
transport networks".
[9] ITU-T Recommendation G.826 (1993): "Error performance parameters and
objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary
rate".
[10] ITU-T Recommendation M.20 (1992): "Maintenance philosophy for
telecommunications networks".
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
[11] ITU-T Recommendation M.2100 (1992): "Performance limits for
bringing-into-service and maintenance of digital paths, sections and
transmission systems".
[12] ITU-T Recommendation M.2110 (1993): "Bringing into service international
digital paths, sections and transmission systems".
[13] ITU-T Recommendation M.2120 (1993): "Digital path, section and transmission
system fault detection and localization procedures".
[14] ITU-T Recommendation M.3010 (1992): "Principles for a telecommunications
management network".
[15] CCITT Recommendation M.3100 (1992): "Generic network information model".
[16] ITU-T Recommendation O.151 (1993); "Error performance measuring
equipment operating at the primary rate and above".
[17] ITU-T Recommendation V.24 (1993): "List of definitions for interchange circuits
between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit terminating equipment
(DCE)".
[18] CCITT Recommendation V.25bis (1989): "Automatic calling and/or answering
equipment on the general switched telephone network (GSTN) using the 100-
series interchange circuits".
[19] CCITT Recommendation V.54 (1988): "Loop test devices for modems".
[20] CCITT Recommendation X.24 (1988): "List of definitions for interchange circuits
between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment
(DTE) on public data networks".
[21] CCITT Recommendation X.150 (1988): "Principles of maintenance testing for
public data networks using data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-
terminating equipment (DCE) test loops".
[22] CCITT Recommendation X.710 (1991): "Common management information
service definition for CCITT applications".
[23] ITU-T Recommendation X.721 (1992):"Information technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - Structure of management information: Definition of
management information".
[24] ITU-T Recommendation X.731 (1992): "Information technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - System management: State management function".
[25] ITU-T Recommendation X.733 (1992): "Information technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - System management: Alarm reporting function".
[26] ETR 135 (1993): "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Network aspects and
applications for a 4 (and n x 4) kbit/s data link in 2 048 kbit/s frame".
[27] ETS 300 150 (1992): "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Protocol suites for Q
interfaces for management of transmission systems".
[28] ETS 300 304 (1994): "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH) information model for the Network Element (NE) view".
[29] ETS 300 371 (1994): "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Plesiochronous
Digital Hierarchy (PDH) information model for the Network Element (NE) view".
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
[30] ETS 300 376-1 (1994): "Signalling Protocols and Switching (SPS); "Q3 interface
at the Access Network (AN) for configuration management of V5 interfaces and
associated user ports Part 1: Q3 interface specification".
[31] ETS 300 461-1 (1996): "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Flexible
Multiplexer (FM) equipment; Part 1: Core functions, 2 048 kbit/s aggregate
interface functions, tributary interface functions and special functions".
[32] ETR 241: "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Functional architecture of
2 Mbit/s based Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) transport networks".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS, the following definitions apply:
Physical Interface (PI): This function terminates and generates the signals of either a tributary or an
aggregate circuit. The PI functional block recovers the timing signal (X or T2 reference point) from the
received signal. The function detects loss of signal condition. When appropriate, the line code violations
are also detected.
lower order section protection switch: This optional function is used when 1+1 protection switching is
required for the 2 048 kbit/s digital section.
plesiochronous lower order path termination: This function terminates and generates a logical signal
at 2 048 kbit/s at an aggregate interface. The function provides frame generation and recovery and
detection of defect and failure conditions on the 2 048 kbit/s logical signal.
lower order path protection switch: This optional function is used when either 1+1 or 1 for n protection
switching is required for the 2 048 kbit/s digital path.
remote multiframe alarm indication: This alarm corresponds to the Remote Alarm Indication (RAI) in
time slot 16, as defined in part 1 of this ETS (ETS 300 461-1 [31]).
cross connection function: This function allows the cross connection of 64 and n x 64 kbit/s signals
between the same or different reference points.
channel associated signalling cross connection function: If channel associated signalling or control is
used then this function allows the cross connection of the associated signalling signals at 4 x 500 bit/s or
n x 4 x 500 bit/s between the same or different reference points.
Special Function (SF): Examples of optional special functions are analogue multipoint conference
bridge, data multipoint bridge and broadcasting.
Tributary Signal Adaptation (TSA): This function modifies the tributary signal, when necessary, into a
64 kbit/s channel suitable for the cross connection function. It also carries out the reverse function.
Tributary Path Termination (TPT)/Tributary Signal Termination (TST): This function generates or
terminates tributary information and any related signalling or control signals.
administrative state: The meaning of the administrative state is described in each object definition, when
applicable.
null: This attribute value indicates that the function exists and is not activated.
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this ETS, the following symbols apply:
2W4WaF 2 Wires 4 Wires adaptation Function
4WG722aF 4 Wires G722 adaptation Function
casCrossConnection channel associated signalling Cross-Connection
casCTP channel associated signalling Connection Termination Point
castCTP channel associated signalling tributary Connection Termination Point
casTTP channel associated signalling Trail Termination Point
casgtp channel associated signalling group termination points
e00VBCTP subrate voice Band Connection Termination Point
e00VBtCTP subrate voice Band tributary Connection Termination Point
e00WBCTP subrate Wide Band Connection Termination Point
e00WBtCTP subrate Wide Band tributary Connection Termination Point
e0CrossConnection 64 kbit/s Cross-Connection
e0CTP 64 kbit/s Connection Termination Point
e0G711ALTTP 64 kbit/s G711 A Law Trail Termination Point
e0G722TTP 64 kbit/s G722 Trail Termination Point
e0gtp 64 kbit/s Group Termination Points
e0tCTP 64 kbit/s tributary Connection Termination Point
e1CrossConnection 2 Mbit/s Cross-Connection
e1CTP 2 Mbit/s Connection Termination Point
e1G704ATTP 2 Mbit/s G704 AIS Trail Termination Point
eNx0CTP N x 64 kbit/s Connection Termination Point
fmEquipement replaceable units of the flexible multiplexer
fmFabric Fabric of the flexible multiplexer
fmPowerFeeding Power Feeding of the flexible multiplexer
fmSoftware Software of the flexible multiplexer
fmTimingGenerator Timing Generator of the flexible multiplexer
imTP internal management Termination Point
lcCTP local management Connection Termination Point
lPProtectionGroup low order path Protection Group
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
lPProtectionUnit low order path Protection Unit
lSProtectionGroup low order section Protection Group
lSProtectionUnit low order section Protection Unit
mCTP reference point M Connection Termination Point
mngtCrossConnection management Cross-Connection
pPI0G703TTP plesiochronous Physical Interface 64 kbit/s G703 Trail Termination Point
pPI1G703ITSTTP plesiochronous Physical Interface G703 Input Timing Source Trail Termination
Point
pPI1G703OTSTTP plesiochronous Physical Interface G703 Output Timing Source Trail Termination
Point
pPI1G703TTP plesiochronous Physical Interface G703 Trail Termination Point
pPI2W4WTTP plesiochronous Physical Interface 2 Wires/4 Wires Trail Termination Point
pPI4WG722TTP plesiochronous Physical Interface 4 Wires G722 Trail Termination Point
pPIv24v10v11TTP plesiochronous Physical Interface v24/v10/v11 Trail Termination Point
pPIx24TTP plesiochronous Physical Interface X24 Trail Termination Point
protectedTTP protected Trail Termination Point
q3CTP Q3 Connection Termination Point
saEocCTP sa bit Embedded operating channel Connection Termination Point
saEoctCTP sa bit Embedded operating Channel Tributary Connection
sigCTP signalling Connection Termination Point
sigtCTP signalling tributary Connection Termination Point
ts16ATTP time slot 16 AIS Trail Termination Point
tSProtectionGroup timing Source Protection Group
tSProtectionUnit timing Source Protection Unit
unprotectedCTP unprotected Connection Termination Point
v24aF V24 adaptation Function
x24aF X24 adaptation Function
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
BVE Bipolar Violation Error
CAS Channel Associated Signalling
CMIS Common Management Information Service
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
CPU Control Processing Unit
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
DCE Data Circuit-terminating Equipment
DFC Default and Failure Condition
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
DXC Digital cross Connect
EOC Embedded Operation Channel
EMF Equipment Management Function
EXBER EXcessive Block Error Ratio
F a management interface connecting workstation to the OSF or the MF according
to ITU-T Recommendation M.3010 [14]
FM Flexible Multiplexer
LCI a non-standard Local Control Interface
LMFA Loss of MultiFrame Alignment
LPPSW Lower order Path Protection Switch
LSPSW Lower order Section Protection Switch
LOF Loss Of Frame
LOS Loss Of Signal
LSR Loss of Synchronization Reference
m a non-standard reference point between equipment function and the Q Adapter
function according to CCITT Recommendation M.3010 [14]
MCF Message Communication Function
MD Mediation Device
MF Mediation Function
MTS Multiplexer Timing Source
NE Network Element
NTU Network Terminating Unit
NFAS Non-Frame Alignment Signal
OAN Optical Access Network
ONP Open Network Provision
OS Operations Systems
OSF Operations Systems Function
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PI Physical Interface
PLPT Plesiochronous Lower order Path Termination
PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence
QAF Q Adapter Function
RAI Remote Alarm Indication
RMAI Remote Multiframe Alarm Indication
ROT Remove Octet Timing
RP Reference Point
SF Special Function
SFI Synchronization Failure Indication
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SIGCE Signalling Condition Error
STM-1 Synchronous Transport Module level 1
TMN Telecommunication Management Network
TPT Tributary Path Termination
TS Time Slot from a 2 048 kbit/s G.704 frame
TSA Tributary Signal Adaptation
TSn Time Slot number n (from 0 to 31)
TST Tributary Signal Termination
TTP Trail Termination Point
UT Unavailable Time
VF Voice Frequency
WS Work Station
XC Cross-Connection
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
4 Management network
4.1 Principle
Characterization of the management network is derived from ITU-T Recommendation G.784 [7],
especially figure 1 of ITU-T Recommendation G.784 [7]. Figure 1 of this ETS reproduces similar
organization for the management view of management network where Embedded Operation Channel
(EOC) replaces the specific Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) error check and correction. This
figure relates only to functional aspects and does not presume implementation or routeing facilities. EOC
could be either supported by a particular 64 kbit/s Time Slot (TS) from a 2 048 kbit/s CCITT
Recommendation G.704 [2] frame or by one or some of the Sa bits of CCITT Recommendation G.704 [2]
frame.
Network Elements (NE) could be directly connected with a Mediation Device (MD) or via other devices,
including NEs.
OSF
OS
NETWORK
Q/EOC
VIEW
TMN
FUNCTIONS
SERVICES
MF
MD
Q/EOC Q/EOC Q/EOC
NEF NEF QAF
NE
Network Flexible
element Multiplexer
m reference point
Flexible
Multiplexer
NOTE 1: Network operators may require to provide duplication of the management interface.
NOTE 2: The Q Adapter Function (QAF) function may also be included in the Flexible Multiplexer, giving
it the status of a NE.
Figure 1: Functional view of management network
4.2 Application to the Flexible Multiplexer
Figure 2 describes various means that may be provided to access the control and management functions
of a FM as defined in ETS 300 461-1 [31].
U1 and U3 are reference points for 4 (or n x 4) kbit/s EOC as described in ETR 135 [26]. The EOC
(reference point U3) may be activated to allow an authorized customer to perform a set of management
functions. The EOC (reference point U1) may be activated to provide an embedded transport function for
management information acting logically as an m reference point. It is assumed that the EOC is typically
to be related to interfaces supporting CCITT Recommendation G.704 [2] framing and the use of
corresponding Sa bit(s). Nevertheless, it is not precluded that for tributary interfaces based on
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
ITU-T Recommendation V.24 [17], the EOC may be replaced by an asynchronous or synchronous
command set as defined in draft CCITT Recommendation V.25bis [18].
U2 is the reference point for 64 kbit/s EOC. As shown in figure 1, this EOC may provide an embedded
transport function for management information acting logically as a q or m reference point. It may also
relay signals from/to the F interface allowing communication between a workstation at the f reference
point and the Operations System. It is assumed that the 64 kbit/s EOC, when activated is supported by a
64 kbit/s circuit from one of the 2 048 kbit/s aggregate signals.
F represents a management interface connecting a workstation to the OSF or the MF according to
ITU-T Recommendation M.3010 [14] (see also clause 6).
m represents a non-standard reference point between Equipment Function and the Q Adapter Function
according to ITU-T Recommendation M.3010 [14] (see also clause 6).
LC represents a user interface for local operation (not to be standardized, see also clause 6).
NOTE: It is not always necessary to have all management interfaces and provision of all
alternatives for the EOC. When provided, activation or deactivation of any of the EOC
or management interface, selection of associated bit rate, selection of Sa bit(s) or
64 kbit/s circuit, characterization of the set of commands available from reference point
U3, setting any protection function for management interfaces or EOC are part of
management functions. It should be possible to set the default means of operation by
the use of LC interface.
P O N M J H G
Reference
Points
TPT
PI TSA XC LPPSW PLPT
TST
Tributary
Interfaces
EMF
V
U3
F
U2
MCF
m U1
LC
Figure 2: Access to management functions for a FM
Reference should be made to ETR 135 [26] for the structure of EOC at reference points U1 and U3
(alternatively at reference point U2). Reference should be made to ETS 300 150 [27] for the structure of
an EOC supporting a q reference point at reference point U2. In both cases application layers are not
subject to standardization.
The following figure 3 is only given as an example of management network organization for a FM and
does not preclude alternative structures.
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
Q
QA/MD
FM
FM
DXC
LC
QA/
DXC
MD
LC Q
DXC
FM
FM
LC
QA/MD
LC
Q
2 048 kbit/s signal
4 kbit/s EOC (San bit(s) and San cross-connection)
or 64 kbit/s EOC
Figure 3: A possible configuration for a FM management network
5 Information model
There is no information model in this edition of the ETS.
6 Management interfaces
The FM shall be able to terminate and generate the management control channel(s). For this purpose, it
should present the following interfaces according to ITU-T Recommendation M.3010 [14]:
- Q-interface: this interface provides a management control channel between the Operations
Systems (OS) and the FM. Depending on the management network implementation, it could be a
Qx or a Q3 interface.
The Q interface is optional in the FM equipment: If this Q interface is not provided, an interface
supporting the m-reference point shall be provided (see below);
- F-interface: this optional interface provides Work Station (WS) access to the OS via the FM;
- m-reference point: this is supported by a proprietary interface and allows a management
connection via an external Q Adapter Function (QAF), between an OS conforming to
Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) recommendations and a FM that does not
conform to TMN recommendations;
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
- Local interface: additionally, the FM shall provide a Local Control (LC) interface for local
attachment of a proprietary management entity. The purpose of this interface is to facilitate:
- installation and maintenance (with changes of the FM configuration), in cases where the
connection to the OS is interrupted or voluntarily blocked;
- local monitoring of the FM status (without changes of the FM configuration).
NOTE: For the first case, means should be implemented in the FM and/or the OS to overcome
conflict/misalignment situations between the FM configuration locally induced via the
LC interface and the FM configuration as it is stored in the OS database.
7 Applications functions
7.1 Fault management
7.1.1 Alarm surveillance
7.1.1.1 Principle
Alarm surveillance is concerned with the detection and reporting of relevant events/conditions which occur
in the equipment or which is detected at the level of the equipment. Events/conditions detected within the
equipment and in the incoming signals shall be reportable. Alarms are indications that are automatically
generated by the equipment or NE as the result of certain events/conditions and associated processing.
The user shall have the ability to define which events/conditions generate autonomous reports. The
remaining events/conditions stored in a log are reportable on request.
The relevant events/conditions are derived from the DFC (Defect and Failure Conditions) given in
ETS 300 461-1 [31]. The processing associated to the occurrence of a DFC is described in figure 4 below.
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
Performance
Defect Internal
Time
or
notification Processing
filtering
failure
filtering
Q/F/m/LC
(Notification)
Notification
Q/F/m/LC
module
(Notifications if Q interface
or QAF function)
Maintenance
Q/F/m/LC
log
Q/F/m/LC
(Request)
NOTE 1: TMN requires notification function: this may be supported either by the equipment itself or by a
QAF function.
NOTE 2: The "configure" arrows is shown according to the text of subclause 7.1.1.1. This representation
does not preclude that time filtering module, internal notification module and processing
module are also configurable.
Figure 4: Alarm related maintenance functions
Functions associated to the various functional blocks to figure 4 should be according to following:
- defect or failure: This functional block performs the elementary functions necessary to the
detection of any of the defect or failure conditions determined in ETS 300 461-1 [31] or specified in
this part of the ETS;
- time filtering: This functional block provides optional programmable time filtering, ranging from 0 to
10 s by step of 1 s, which allows the consideration of a selected defect or failure condition only if its
duration is greater than a predetermined value;
- internal notification filtering: This functional block manages the transmission of notifications
(occurring, disappearing of DFC) to the appropriate functional block. It also permits the
allowance/inhibition or the discrimination of a given DFC depending upon its nature and, if
necessary, to address it to appropriate functional blocks;
- processing: This function receives the various notifications, gathers them and performs the
necessary correlation in such a way that not any redundant information will be notified. In addition,
this function may allow to provide a diagnostic for the occurrence of a DFC. The functional
processing block generates the synthetic notifications addressed to the Equipment Management
Function (EMF);
- notification module: This functional block is under the control of the user who determines the
notifications required to be spontaneously transmitted to Q/F/m interface(s). The module includes
an events discriminator and also programmable notification filtering in the range of 0 to 60 s by step
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
of 10 s. If the equipment supports a notification protocol, it may spontaneously transmit
notifications. If not, the equipment shall keep a record of current events (or alarms);
- maintenance log: This functional block registers in a given memory size a list of all DFCs
occurring in the FM. A stored DFC should include: probable cause (i.e. LOS, LFA, etc.), type,
managed function, time (occurrence, clearing). The user shall have the ability to request
transmission or display of stored information according to criteria described in subclause 7.1.1.2.
NOTE 3: Diagnostic functions may help to locate and to identify the probable cause of alarms.
7.1.1.2 Alarm-related functions
The following alarm-related functions are mandatory and shall be supported at equipment level:
- report autonomous alarms;
- request current alarm summary (alarm status);
- request alarm report history;
- report all alarms;
- allow/inhibit alarm reporting on each management interface.
The following alarm-related functions are optional and may be required to be supported at equipment
level:
- route alarm report;
- delete alarm report;
- report current alarm summary;
- supplementary current alarm summary functions (allow/inhibit, schedule, route, request schedule,
request route);
- condition/request alarm event criteria;
- inhibit/allow audible/visual local alarm;
- inhibit/allow logging (basic log control);
- condition logging (enhanced control).
7.1.1.3 Logs and memory
The equipment shall provide an alarm record which represents information stored in a log(s). The
record conforms to the specification defined in ITU-T Recommendation X.721 [23] and contains the
following attributes:
- record identifier;
- logging time (time the record was created);
- event time (time the event was generated) if the event time parameter was present in the CMIP
event report;
- identification of the source of the alarm event (managed object class and instance);
- the event type (see subclause 7.1.2.1);
- probable cause;
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
- perceived severity.
As an option, the following attribute may be present:
- backed-up status.
7.1.2 Alarm classification
Alarms should be classified using the alarm type categories and perceived severity defined in
ITU-T Recommendation X.733 [25]. The probable cause of an alarm is derived from the defect or failure
condition defined in ETS 300 461-1 [31], clause 10.
7.1.2.1 Alarm type
Five basic categories of alarms are specified. These are given in subclauses 7.1.2.1.1 to 7.1.2.1.5.
Table 1 in subclause 7.1.2.1.6 lists the different alarms and the default severity. The severity of an alarm
is given in subclause 7.1.2.2.
7.1.2.1.1 Communications alarm type probable cause
This type of alarm includes the following defect or failure conditions which are given with the associated
functional part of the FM equipment (ETS 300 461-1 [31], clause 10):
- 2 048 kbit/s unstructured aggregate interface;
- loss of incoming signal (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.2.1.1);
- bipolar violation error (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.2.1.2).
- 2 048 kbit/s CCITT Recommendation G.703 [1] aggregate interface;
- loss of incoming signal (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.2.1.1);
- bipolar violation error (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.2.1.2);
- loss of frame alignment (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.1);
- excessive error ratio (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.2);
- defect indication from a remote equipment (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.3):
- remote alarm indication (bit 3 of TS0 NFAS);
- remote AIS defect indication;
- remote synchronization failure indication.
- AIS received (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.4);
- loss of MultiFrame alignment (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.5);
- remote multiframe alarm indication (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.6);
- AIS received in TS16 (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.7);
- frame slip (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.8);
- CRC4 block error (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.9);
- remote CRC4 block error (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.3.1.10).
- 2W/4W voice band (3 400 Hz) interface;
- none (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.4.1.1).
- 2W/4W voice band (3 400 Hz) with DC signalling interface;
- none (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.4.1.2).
- PSTN interface;
- not specified (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.4.1.3).
- wide band interface (7 kHz);
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ETS 300 461-2: October 1996
- none (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.4.1.4).
- CCITT Recommendation G.703 [1] /64 kbit/s codirectional interface;
- loss of signal (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.4.1.5 item a);
- loss of octet timing (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.4.1.5 item b).
- CCITT Recommendation X.24 [20] interface;
- electrical failure of circuit T and C (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.4.1.6 item a);
- loss of connection between DTE and DCE (see ETS 300 461-1 [31],
subclause 10.4.1.6 item b);
- loss of power at the DTE (see ETS 300 461-1 [31], subclause 10.4.1.6 item c).
- ITU-T Recommendation V.24 [17] (V.10 and V.11) interface;
- loss of co
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