SIST ISO 10775:2014

Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of cadmium content -- Atomic absorption spectrometric method

ISO 10775:2013 specifies a method for the determination of traces of cadmium in all types of paper, board and pulp, including products containing recycled fibre, that can be wet-combusted in nitric acid as specified in ISO 10775:2013.
The lower limit of the determination depends on the equipment used and is normally about 10 μg/kg. Cadmium present in pigments and fillers that do not dissolve in nitric acid under the conditions of this test may not be determined quantitatively.

Papier, carton et pâtes -- Détermination de la teneur en cadmium -- Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique

Papir, karton, lepenka in vlaknine - Določanje vsebnosti kadmija - Metoda atomske absorpcijske spektrometrije

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Jan-2014
• Publication Date: 02-Jan-2014
• ICS: 85.040 - Pulps
• ICS: 85.060 - Paper and board
• Technical Committee: VPK - Pulp, paper, board and products
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 23-Dec-2013
• Due Date: 27-Feb-2014
• Completion Date: 03-Jan-2014
• Ref Project: ISO 10775:2013 - Paper, board and pulps — Determination of cadmium content — Atomic absorption spectrometric method

Relations

• Replaces: SIST ISO 10775:1996 - Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of cadmium content -- Atomic absorption spectrometric method
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2014

Overview

SIST ISO 10775:2014 specifies an analytical method for determining trace amounts of cadmium in paper, board, and pulp products using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). This internationally recognized standard, developed by SIST and aligned with ISO 10775:2013, applies to all varieties of paper-based materials, including those incorporating recycled fibers. The method relies on wet combustion in nitric acid, making it suitable for products whose cadmium can be fully dissolved under controlled conditions.

The determination method is crucial for quality assurance, regulatory compliance, and safety, as it detects cadmium levels as low as approximately 10 μg/kg, depending on the analytical equipment. This standard is widely used within the paper, pulp, and packaging industries to monitor and minimize heavy metal contaminants in end products.

Key Topics

• Scope of Measurement: Applicable to all paper, board, and pulps, including recycled materials, provided the sample is fully wet-combusted in nitric acid.
• Detection Limits: The standard achieves detection limits around 10 μg/kg; actual sensitivity depends on the AAS equipment used.
• Sample Preparation:
  • Wet combustion with concentrated nitric acid, performed in either a PTFE-lined autoclave or a laboratory microwave digestion unit.
  • Strict guidelines on sample handling to avoid contamination.
• Atomic Absorption Spectrometry:
  • Utilizes the graphite furnace technique with appropriate background correction.
  • Employs calibration via the standard additions method or normal calibration procedures, with matrix effect controls when necessary.
• Reporting and Quality Assurance:
  • Includes detailed requirements for reporting results, calibration methods, and any deviations from the standard procedure.
  • Provides precision guidelines: replicate measurements should fall within ±10% of their mean; interlaboratory variance is generally acceptable within 30%.

Applications

SIST ISO 10775:2014 is an essential standard for:

• Manufacturers of Paper, Board, and Pulp: Ensuring that final products contain cadmium within specified regulatory limits, critical for food contact materials and consumer safety.
• Recycling Facilities: Assessing heavy metal content in recycled fiber products to maintain consistent quality and comply with health and environmental regulations.
• Quality Control Laboratories: Implementing standardized testing procedures for trace metals in raw materials, finished goods, and during production audits.
• Regulatory Compliance: Supporting adherence to international regulations that limit heavy metals in packaging and related materials, protecting both consumers and the environment.

The standard's methodology provides an accurate and reliable way to quantify cadmium, a potentially hazardous metal, which is vital for industries seeking to demonstrate product safety and regulatory conformity.

Related Standards

For comprehensive analysis and quality assurance in the pulp and paper sector, consider the following related standards:

• ISO 186: Paper and board - Sampling to determine average quality
• ISO 287: Paper and board - Determination of moisture content of a lot - Oven-drying method
• ISO 638: Paper, board, and pulps - Determination of dry matter content - Oven-drying method
• ISO 7213: Pulps - Sampling for testing

These standards complement SIST ISO 10775:2014 by providing methodologies for sampling, moisture, and dry matter determination, helping laboratories implement robust, standardized procedures for material testing and trace metal analysis.

Keywords: cadmium determination, atomic absorption spectrometry, pulp and paper testing, heavy metal content, wet combustion, recycled fiber, compliance, ISO 10775.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 10775:1996
3DSLUNDUWRQOHSHQNDLQYODNQLQH'RORþDQMHYVHEQRVWLNDGPLMD0HWRGDDWRPVNH
DEVRUSFLMVNHVSHNWURPHWULMH
Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of cadmium content -- Atomic absorption
spectrometric method
Papier, carton et pâtes -- Détermination de la teneur en cadmium -- Méthode par
spectrométrie d'absorption atomique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 10775:2013
ICS:
85.040 Vlaknine Pulps
85.060 Papir, karton in lepenka Paper and board
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10775
Second edition
2013-08-01
Paper, board and pulps —
Determination of cadmium content
— Atomic absorption spectrometric
method
Papier, carton et pâtes — Détermination de la teneur en cadmium —
Méthode par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Principle . 1
4 Reagents . 1
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Sampling and sample preparation . 3
7 Wet combustion . 3
7.1 Test sample preparation . 3
7.2 Combustion procedure . 3
7.3 Dilution . 3
8 Blank . 4
9 Preparation of calibration solutions . 4
10 Determination of cadmium . 4
11 Calculation . 5
12 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Precision
............................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10775:1995), of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10775:2013(E)
Paper, board and pulps — Determination of cadmium
content — Atomic absorption spectrometric method
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of traces of cadmium in all types
of paper, board and pulp, including products containing recycled fibre, that can be wet-combusted in
nitric acid as specified in this International Standard.
The lower limit of the determination depends on the equipment used and is normally about 10 μg/kg.
Cadmium present in pigments and fillers that do not dissolve in nitric acid under the conditions of this
test may not be determined quantitatively.
NOTE It has been claimed that the dissolution of cadmium from pigments other than calcium carbonate is
incomplete by a few percent.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 287, Paper and board — Determination of moisture content of a lot — Oven-drying method
ISO 638, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of dry matter content — Oven-drying method
ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing
3 Principle
The sample is treated with nitric acid in a closed vessel. The resulting solution is diluted and cadmium
content determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using the graphite furnace technique.
Wet combustion may be done either in an autoclave or microwave oven.
4 Reagents
All reagents shall be of the highest possible purity. The quality normally designated “pro analysi” or
“analytical reagent (AR)” is often not sufficiently pure. Use only freshly distilled and deionized water or
water of equivalent purity.
NOTE Commercially available solutions may also be used.
4.1 Concentrated nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 15 mol/l
Use a quality specially made for use in the determination of trace metals.
4.2 Dilute nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 0,15 mol/l
Dilute with water 10 ml of concentrated nitric acid (4.1) to one litre.
4.3 Cadmium nitrate standard solution, p(Cd) = (1,000 ± 0,002) g/l, made, for example, by dissolving
2,774 g of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, Cd(NO ) ∙ 4H O, per litre of nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 0,5 mol/l.
3 2 2 3
4.4 Cadmium stock calibration solution, ρ(Cd) = 1,00 mg/lp
Using a precision pipette dilute 1,00 ml of the cadmium standard solution (4.3) to 1 000 ml with dilute
nitric acid (4.2) in a volumetric flask. Mix by shaking the flask.
The solution ha
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10775
Second edition
2013-08-01
Paper, board and pulps —
Determination of cadmium content
— Atomic absorption spectrometric
method
Papier, carton et pâtes — Détermination de la teneur en cadmium —
Méthode par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Principle . 1
4 Reagents . 1
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Sampling and sample preparation . 3
7 Wet combustion . 3
7.1 Test sample preparation . 3
7.2 Combustion procedure . 3
7.3 Dilution . 3
8 Blank . 4
9 Preparation of calibration solutions . 4
10 Determination of cadmium . 4
11 Calculation . 5
12 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Precision
............................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10775:1995), of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10775:2013(E)
Paper, board and pulps — Determination of cadmium
content — Atomic absorption spectrometric method
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of traces of cadmium in all types
of paper, board and pulp, including products containing recycled fibre, that can be wet-combusted in
nitric acid as specified in this International Standard.
The lower limit of the determination depends on the equipment used and is normally about 10 μg/kg.
Cadmium present in pigments and fillers that do not dissolve in nitric acid under the conditions of this
test may not be determined quantitatively.
NOTE It has been claimed that the dissolution of cadmium from pigments other than calcium carbonate is
incomplete by a few percent.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 287, Paper and board — Determination of moisture content of a lot — Oven-drying method
ISO 638, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of dry matter content — Oven-drying method
ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing
3 Principle
The sample is treated with nitric acid in a closed vessel. The resulting solution is diluted and cadmium
content determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using the graphite furnace technique.
Wet combustion may be done either in an autoclave or microwave oven.
4 Reagents
All reagents shall be of the highest possible purity. The quality normally designated “pro analysi” or
“analytical reagent (AR)” is often not sufficiently pure. Use only freshly distilled and deionized water or
water of equivalent purity.
NOTE Commercially available solutions may also be used.
4.1 Concentrated nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 15 mol/l
Use a quality specially made for use in the determination of trace metals.
4.2 Dilute nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 0,15 mol/l
Dilute with water 10 ml of concentrated nitric acid (4.1) to one litre.
4.3 Cadmium nitrate standard solution, p(Cd) = (1,000 ± 0,002) g/l, made, for example, by dissolving
2,774 g of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, Cd(NO ) ∙ 4H O, per litre of nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 0,5 mol/l.
3 2 2 3
4.4 Cadmium stock calibration solution, ρ(Cd) = 1,00 mg/lp
Using a precision pipette dilute 1,00 ml of the cadmium standard solution (4.3) to 1 000 ml with dilute
nitric acid (4.2) in a volumetric flask. Mix by shaking the flask.
The solution has a shelf life of several months if stored in a polyethylene bottle.
4.5 Matrix modifier solution
Several matrix modifier solutions are recommended in the literature. The three solutions given in 4.5.1
to 4.5.3 are in common use. The choice among them depends on their performance in each particular
laboratory, which is evaluated by running a blank.
4.5.1 Palladium nitrate solution
Dissolve 2,0 g of Pd(NO ) in 10 ml of nitric acid (4.1) and dilute with water to 500 ml in a volumetric
3 2
flask. (
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10775
Second edition
2013-08-01
Paper, board and pulps —
Determination of cadmium content
— Atomic absorption spectrometric
method
Papier, carton et pâtes — Détermination de la teneur en cadmium —
Méthode par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Principle . 1
4 Reagents . 1
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Sampling and sample preparation . 3
7 Wet combustion . 3
7.1 Test sample preparation . 3
7.2 Combustion procedure . 3
7.3 Dilution . 3
8 Blank . 4
9 Preparation of calibration solutions . 4
10 Determination of cadmium . 4
11 Calculation . 5
12 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Precision
............................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10775:1995), of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10775:2013(E)
Paper, board and pulps — Determination of cadmium
content — Atomic absorption spectrometric method
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of traces of cadmium in all types
of paper, board and pulp, including products containing recycled fibre, that can be wet-combusted in
nitric acid as specified in this International Standard.
The lower limit of the determination depends on the equipment used and is normally about 10 μg/kg.
Cadmium present in pigments and fillers that do not dissolve in nitric acid under the conditions of this
test may not be determined quantitatively.
NOTE It has been claimed that the dissolution of cadmium from pigments other than calcium carbonate is
incomplete by a few percent.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 186, Paper and board — Sampling to determine average quality
ISO 287, Paper and board — Determination of moisture content of a lot — Oven-drying method
ISO 638, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of dry matter content — Oven-drying method
ISO 7213, Pulps — Sampling for testing
3 Principle
The sample is treated with nitric acid in a closed vessel. The resulting solution is diluted and cadmium
content determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using the graphite furnace technique.
Wet combustion may be done either in an autoclave or microwave oven.
4 Reagents
All reagents shall be of the highest possible purity. The quality normally designated “pro analysi” or
“analytical reagent (AR)” is often not sufficiently pure. Use only freshly distilled and deionized water or
water of equivalent purity.
NOTE Commercially available solutions may also be used.
4.1 Concentrated nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 15 mol/l
Use a quality specially made for use in the determination of trace metals.
4.2 Dilute nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 0,15 mol/l
Dilute with water 10 ml of concentrated nitric acid (4.1) to one litre.
4.3 Cadmium nitrate standard solution, p(Cd) = (1,000 ± 0,002) g/l, made, for example, by dissolving
2,774 g of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, Cd(NO ) ∙ 4H O, per litre of nitric acid, c(HNO ) = 0,5 mol/l.
3 2 2 3
4.4 Cadmium stock calibration solution, ρ(Cd) = 1,00 mg/lp
Using a precision pipette dilute 1,00 ml of the cadmium standard solution (4.3) to 1 000 ml with dilute
nitric acid (4.2) in a volumetric flask. Mix by shaking the flask.
The solution has a shelf life of several months if stored in a polyethylene bottle.
4.5 Matrix modifier solution
Several matrix modifier solutions are recommended in the literature. The three solutions given in 4.5.1
to 4.5.3 are in common use. The choice among them depends on their performance in each particular
laboratory, which is evaluated by running a blank.
4.5.1 Palladium nitrate solution
Dissolve 2,0 g of Pd(NO ) in 10 ml of nitric acid (4.1) and dilute with water to 500 ml in a volumetric
3 2
flask. (
...