Small craft - Hull construction and scantlings - Part 5: Design pressures for monohulls, design stresses, scantlings determination (ISO 12215-5:2008,vključno z dopolnilom A1:2014)

This part of ISO 12215 applies to the determination of design pressures and stresses, and to the
determination of the scantlings, including internal structural members of monohull small craft constructed from
fibre-reinforced plastics, aluminium or steel alloys, glued wood or other suitable boat building material, with a
length of hull, LH, in accordance with ISO 8666, between 2,5 m and 24 m. It only applies to boats in the intact
condition.
It only applies to craft with a maximum speed u 50 knots in mLDC conditions.
The assessment shall generally include all parts of the craft that are assumed watertight or weathertight when
assessing stability, freeboard and buoyancy in accordance with ISO 12217 and are essential to the safety of
the craft and of persons on board.
For the complete scantlings of the craft, this part of ISO 12215 is used in conjunction with Part 6, for details,
Part 7 for multihulls, Part 8 for rudders and Part 9 for appendages and rig attachment.
The scantling determination of windows, portlights, deadlights, hatches and doors, is in accordance with
ISO 12216. The structure supporting these elements is in accordance with this part of ISO 12215.
NOTE 1 Scantlings derived from this part of ISO 12215 are primarily intended to apply to recreational craft including
recreational charter vessels and may not be suitable for performance racing craft.
NOTE 2 This part of ISO 12215 is based on the assumption that scantlings are governed solely by local loads.
NOTE 3 The scantling requirements of this part of ISO 12215 are considered to correspond to the minimum strength
requirements of motor and sailing craft which are operated in a safe and responsible manner, having due cognisance of
the prevailing conditions.
Pressures and stresses are normally expressed in pascals, kilopascals or megapascals. For the purposes of a
better understanding for the users of this part of ISO 12215, the pressures are expressed in kilonewtons per
square metre (1kN/m2 = 1kPa) and stresses or elastic moduli are expressed in newtons per square millimetre
(1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa).

Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Rumpfbauweise und Dimensionierung - Teil 5: Entwurfsdrücke für Einrumpffahrzeuge, Entwurfsspannungen, Ermittlung der Dimensionierung (ISO 12215-5:2008,vključno z dopolnilom A1:2014)

Petits navires - Construction de la coque et échantillonnage - Partie 5: Pressions de conception pour monocoques, contraintes de conception, détermination de l'échantillonnage (ISO 12215-5:2008,vključno z dopolnilom A1:2014)

Mala plovila - Konstrukcija trupa in zahtevane lastnosti - 5. del: Načrtovani tlaki za trupe, načrtovane napetosti in ugotavljanje lastnosti (ISO 12215-5:2008,vključno z dopolnilom A1:2014)

Ta del standarda ISO 12215 se uporablja za določanje načrtovanih tlakov in napetosti ter za določanje zahtevanih lastnosti, vključno z notranjimi strukturnimi pripadniki malih plovil z enim trupom, izdelanih iz z vlakni ojačenih polimernih materialov, aluminija ali jeklenih zlitin, zlepljenega lesa ali drugega ustreznega materiala za gradnjo plovil, z dolžino trupa (LH) med 2,5 m in 24 m v skladu s standardom ISO 8666. Uporablja se le za plovila v brezhibnem stanju.
Uporablja se le za plovila z najvišjo hitrostjo 50 vozlov v pogojih mLDC.
Ocena običajno zajema vse dele plovila, ki se štejejo za vodoodporne ali odporne na vremenske vplive, ko se ocenjujejo stabilnost, nadvodje in vzgon v skladu s standardom ISO 12217, ter so bistveni za varnost plovila in ljudi na krovu.
Za vse zahtevane lastnosti plovila se ta del standarda ISO 12215 uporablja v povezavi s 6. delom za podrobnosti, 7. delom za plovila z več trupi, 8. delom za krmila ter 9. delom za dodatke in priključke opreme.
Opredelitev zahtevanih lastnosti oken, naoknic, pokrovov in vrat je v skladu s
standardom ISO 12216. Nosilna konstrukcija za te elemente je v skladu s tem delom standarda ISO 12215.
OPOMBA 1: Zahtevane lastnosti, izpeljane iz tega dela standarda ISO 12215, se nanašajo predvsem na plovila za rekreacijo, vključno z rekreacijskimi čarterskimi plovili, in morda niso primerne za zmogljiva dirkalna plovila.
OPOMBA 2: Ta del standarda ISO 12215 temelji na predpostavki, da na zahtevane lastnosti vplivajo samo lokalne obremenitve.
OPOMBA 3: Za zahtevane lastnosti iz tega dela standarda ISO 12215 se šteje, da ustrezajo minimalnim zahtevam glede trdnosti motornih in jadrnih plovil, ki so varno ter odgovorno upravljana ob ustreznem poznavanju prevladujočih pogojev.
Tlačne in obremenitvene vrednosti so običajno izražene v paskalih, kilopaskalih ali megapaskalih. Za boljše razumevanje uporabnikov tega dela standarda ISO 12215 so tlačne vrednosti izražene v kilonewtonih na kvadratni meter (1 kN/m2 = 1 kPa), obremenitve ali prilagodljivi moduli pa v newtonih na kvadratni milimeter (1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa).

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Public Enquiry End Date
14-Mar-2018
Publication Date
08-Oct-2018
Withdrawal Date
25-Jun-2019
Technical Committee
Current Stage
9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
Start Date
20-Jun-2019
Due Date
13-Jul-2019
Completion Date
26-Jun-2019

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
01-december-2018
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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2008
SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2008/A1:2014
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Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12215-5:2018
ICS:
47.020.10 Ladijski trupi in njihovi Hulls and their structure
konstrukcijski elementi elements
47.080 ýROQL Small craft
SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018


EN ISO 12215-5
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

September 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 47.080 Supersedes EN ISO 12215-5:2008
English Version

Small craft - Hull construction and scantlings - Part 5:
Design pressures for monohulls, design stresses, scantlings
determination (ISO 12215-5:2008, including Amd 1:2014)
Petits navires - Construction de coques et Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Rumpfbauweise und
échantillonnage - Partie 5: Pressions de conception Dimensionierung - Teil 5: Entwurfsdrücke für
pour monocoques, contraintes de conception, Einrumpffahrzeuge, Entwurfsspannungen, Ermittlung
détermination de l'échantillonnage (ISO 12215-5:2008, der Dimensionierung (ISO 12215-5:2008,
y compris Amd 1:2014) einschließlich Amd 1:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12215-5:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
EN ISO 12215-5:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive 2013/53/EU aimed to be covered . 4

2

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
EN ISO 12215-5:2018 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 12215-5:2008, including Amd 1:2014 has been prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 188 “Small craft” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken
over as EN ISO 12215-5:2018.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 12215-5:2008.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2013/53/EU.
For relationship with EU Directive 2013/53/EU, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12215-5:2008, including Amd 1:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12215-5:2018
without any modification.
3

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
EN ISO 12215-5:2018 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive 2013/53/EU aimed to be covered
This European standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request M/542
C(2015) 8736 final to provide one voluntary means of conforming to Essential Requirements of Directive
2013/53/EU.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance
with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of
this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that
Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive
2013/53/EU
Essential Clause(s)/sub- Remarks/Notes
Requirements of clause(s) of
Directive this EN
2013/53/EU
Annex I, Part A, 2.5 – 12
Owner’s manual
Annex I, Part A, 3.1 - All clauses The purpose of this part of this standard is to achieve overall
Structure structural strength that ensures the watertight and

weathertight integrity of the watercraft.
The standard provides requirements for scantling
determination for monohull craft with a maximum speed ≤ 50
knots in m conditions constructed from fibre reinforced
LDC
plastics, aluminium or steel alloys, glued wood (laminate) or
similar suitable materials.
It should be further noted that:
— For the complete scantlings of the watercraft, this
part of ISO 12215 shall be used in conjunction with
Part 6, for details, Part 7 for multihulls, Part 8 for
rudders, Part 9 for appendages and Part 10 for rig
loads and rig attachments;
— The scantling determination of windows,
portlights, deadlights, hatches and doors, shall be in
accordance with ISO 12216, the structure supporting
these elements being in accordance with this part of
ISO 12215.
Annex A (see note to Annex A) provides a link to a software
application using Microsoft excel to support this part and the
determination of scantlings for watercraft in design categories
A-C up to L =12 m and in design category D up to L =24 m that
H H
are constructed of GRP, steel and aluminium.

4

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
EN ISO 12215-5:2018 (E)
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.
5

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12215-5
First edition
2008-04-15


Small craft — Hull construction
and scantlings —
Part 5:
Design pressures for monohulls, design
stresses, scantlings determination
Petits navires — Construction de la coque et échantillonnage —
Partie 5: Pressions de conception pour monocoques, contraintes de
conception, détermination de l'échantillonnage




Reference number
ISO 12215-5:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
ISO 12215-5:2008(E)
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©  ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
ISO 12215-5:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Symbols . 4
5 General. 6
6 Dimensions, data and areas . 7
6.1 Dimensions and data. 7
6.2 Areas . 7
7 Pressure adjusting factors . 9
7.1 General. 9
7.2 Design category factor k . 9
DC
7.3 Dynamic load factor n . 9
CG
7.4 Longitudinal pressure distribution factor k . 10
L
7.5 Area pressure reduction factor k . 11
AR
7.6 Hull side pressure reduction factor k . 12
Z
7.7 Superstructure and deckhouse pressure reduction factor k . 13
SUP
7.8 Light and stable sailing craft pressure correcting factor for slamming k . 13
SLS
8 Design pressures. 14
8.1 Motor craft design pressure . 14
8.2 Sailing craft design pressure . 16
8.3 Watertight bulkheads and integral tank boundaries design pressure. 16
8.4 Design pressures for structural components where k would be u 0,25 . 18
AR
9 Dimensions of panels and stiffeners. 19
9.1 Dimensions of plating panels. 19
9.2 Dimensions of stiffeners. 23
10 Plating — Scantling equations . 25
10.1 Thickness adjustment factors for plating .25
10.2 FRP single-skin plating . 28
10.3 Metal plating — Aluminium alloy and steel. 29
10.4 Laminated wood or plywood single-skin plating . 30
10.5 FRP sandwich plating. 31
10.6 Single-skin plating minimum thickness .35
11 Stiffening members requirements . 36
11.1 General. 36
11.2 Properties adjustment factors for stiffeners.37
11.3 Design stresses for stiffeners . 37
11.4 Requirements for stiffeners made with similar materials. 38
11.5 Requirements for stiffeners made with dissimilar materials . 39
11.6 Effective plating . 40
11.7 Overall dimensions of stiffeners . 41
11.8 Structural bulkheads . 43
11.9 Structural support for sailing craft ballast keel.44
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
ISO 12215-5:2008(E)
12 Owner's manual. 44
12.1 General . 44
12.2 Normal mode of operation . 44
12.3 Possibility of outer skin damage. 44
Annex A (normative) Simplified method for scantling determination . 45
Annex B (normative) Drop test for boats of < 6 m. 49
Annex C (normative) FRP laminates properties and calculations . 52
Annex D (normative) Sandwich mechanical core properties and sandwich calculation. 63
Annex E (normative) Wood laminate properties and wood calculations . 69
Annex F (normative) Mechanical properties of metals. 78
Annex G (normative) Geometric properties of stiffeners. 80
Annex H (normative) Laminate stack analysis . 97
Bibliography . 108

iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
ISO 12215-5:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12215-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft.
ISO 12215 consists of the following parts, under the general title Small craft — Hull construction and
scantlings:
⎯ Part 1: Materials: Thermosetting resins, glass fibre reinforcement, reference laminate
⎯ Part 2: Materials: Core materials for sandwich construction, embedded materials
⎯ Part 3: Materials: Steel, aluminium alloys, wood, other materials
⎯ Part 4: Workshop and manufacturing
⎯ Part 5: Design pressures for monuhulls, design stresses, scantlings determination
⎯ Part 6: Structural arrangements and details
⎯ Part 7: Scantling determination of multihulls
⎯ Part 8: Rudders
⎯ Part 9: Sailing boats — Appendages and rig attachment
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
ISO 12215-5:2008(E)
Introduction
The reason underlying the preparation of this part of ISO 12215 is that standards and recommended practices
for loads on the hull and the dimensioning of small craft differ considerably from one to another, thus limiting
the general worldwide acceptability of boat scantlings. This part of ISO 12215 has been set towards the lower
boundary of the range of current practice.
The objective of this part of ISO 12215 is to achieve an overall structural strength that ensures the watertight
and weathertight integrity of the craft. It is intended to be a tool to assess the scantlings of a craft against
lower bound practice and it is not intended to be a structural design procedure
The scantling requirements are based principally on providing adequate local strength. Serviceability issues
such as deflection under normal operating loads, global strength and its connected shell and deck stability are
not addressed. The criteria contained within may need to be supplemented by additional considerations
deemed necessary by the designer of the structure.
The mechanical property data supplied as default values make no explicit allowance for deterioration in
service nor provide any guarantee that these values can be obtained for any particular craft. The responsibility
for the decision to use this part of ISO 12215 as part of the design procedure rests solely with the designer
and/or manufacturer.
The design pressures given in this part of ISO 12215 are only used with the given equations.
Considering future development in technology and boat types and small craft currently outside the scope of
this part of ISO 12215, provided methods supported by appropriate technology exist, consideration may be
given to their use provided equivalent support for this part of ISO 12215 is achieved.
The dimensioning according to this part of ISO 12215 is regarded as reflecting current practice, provided the
craft is correctly handled in the sense of good seamanship and operated at a speed appropriate to the
prevailing sea state.
Important notice:
1) ISO/TC 188/WG 18 believes that this part of ISO 12215 is the best that can be achieved at the time of
publication. It has therefore decided to publish this document as an ISO Standard. It is anticipated that
wider usage may reveal a number of issues that require modification. It is for this reason that WG 18
has asked for a revision of the document at the same time as its publication. This revision agreement
will enable the group to amend this part of ISO 12215 quickly should this prove necessary.
2) In furtherance of this, this part of ISO 12215 needs to be applied with a critical mind, and users are
invited to report to the TC secretariat, or national standardization body, any items that are considered to
require correction, together with supporting evidence, be that theoretical or based on satisfactory, long-
term service experience with actual boats operating in the appropriate design category sea states.

vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12215-5:2008(E)

Small craft — Hull construction and scantlings —
Part 5:
Design pressures for monohulls, design stresses, scantlings
determination
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12215 applies to the determination of design pressures and stresses, and to the
determination of the scantlings, including internal structural members of monohull small craft constructed from
fibre-reinforced plastics, aluminium or steel alloys, glued wood or other suitable boat building material, with a
length of hull, L , in accordance with ISO 8666, between 2,5 m and 24 m. It only applies to boats in the intact
H
condition.
It only applies to craft with a maximum speed u 50 knots in m conditions.
LDC
The assessment shall generally include all parts of the craft that are assumed watertight or weathertight when
assessing stability, freeboard and buoyancy in accordance with ISO 12217 and are essential to the safety of
the craft and of persons on board.
For the complete scantlings of the craft, this part of ISO 12215 is used in conjunction with Part 6, for details,
Part 7 for multihulls, Part 8 for rudders and Part 9 for appendages and rig attachment.
The scantling determination of windows, portlights, deadlights, hatches and doors, is in accordance with
ISO 12216. The structure supporting these elements is in accordance with this part of ISO 12215.
NOTE 1 Scantlings derived from this part of ISO 12215 are primarily intended to apply to recreational craft including
recreational charter vessels and may not be suitable for performance racing craft.
NOTE 2 This part of ISO 12215 is based on the assumption that scantlings are governed solely by local loads.
NOTE 3 The scantling requirements of this part of ISO 12215 are considered to correspond to the minimum strength
requirements of motor and sailing craft which are operated in a safe and responsible manner, having due cognisance of
the prevailing conditions.
Pressures and stresses are normally expressed in pascals, kilopascals or megapascals. For the purposes of a
better understanding for the users of this part of ISO 12215, the pressures are expressed in kilonewtons per
2
square metre (1kN/m = 1kPa) and stresses or elastic moduli are expressed in newtons per square millimetre
2
(1 N/mm = 1 MPa).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 178, Plastics — Determination of flexural properties
ISO 527-1, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 12215-5:2018
ISO 12215-5:2008(E)
ISO 527-2, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics
ISO 844, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of compression properties
ISO 845, Cellular plastics and rubbers — Determination of apparent density
ISO 1922, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of shear strength
ISO 8666:2002, Small craft — Principal data
ISO 12215-3, Small craft — Hull construction and scantlings — Part 3: Materials: Steel, aluminium alloys,
wood, other materials
ISO 12215-6, Small craft — Hull construction and scantlings — Part 6: Structural arrangements and details
ISO 12215-7, Small craft — Hull construction and scantlings — Part 7: Scantling determination of multihulls
ISO 12215-9, Small craft — Hull construction and scantlings — Part 9: Sailing boats — Appendages and rig
attachment
ISO 12216, Small craft — Windows, portlights, hatches, deadlights and doors — Strength and watertightness
requirements
ISO 12217 (all parts), Small craft — Stability and buoyancy assessment and categorization
ASTM C393, Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Sandwich Constructions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
design categories
sea and wind conditions for which a boat is assessed by this part of ISO 12215 to be suitable, provided the
craft is correctly handled in the sense of good seamanship and operated at a speed appropriate to the
prevailing sea state
3.1.1
design category A (“ocean”)
category of boats considered suitable to operate in seas with significant wave heights above 4 m and wind
speeds in excess of Beaufort Force 8, but excluding abnormal conditions, e.g. hurricanes
NOTE For the application of this part of ISO 12215, the calculation wave height is 7 m.
3.1.2
design category B (“offshore”)
category of boats considered suitable to operate in seas with significant wave heights up to 4 m and winds of
Beaufort Force 8 or less
3.1.3
design category C (“inshore”)
category of boats considered suitable to operate in seas wit
...

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