SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and range setting (ISO 16811:2012)
Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and range setting (ISO 16811:2012)
EN ISO 16811 specifies the general rules for setting the timebase range and sensitivity(i. e. gain adjustment) of a manually operated ultrasonic flaw detector with A-scan display in order thatreproducible measurements may be made of the location and echo height of a reflector. It is applicable to techniques employing a single contact probe with either a single or twin transducers, but excludes the immersion technique and techniques employing more than one probe.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Ultraschallprüfung - Empfindlichkeits- und Entfernungsjustierung (ISO 16811:2012)
Essais non destructifs - Contrôle par ultrasons - Réglage de la sensibilité et de la base de temps (ISO16811:2012)
L'ISO 16811:2012 spécifie les règles générales de réglage de l'échelle de la base de temps et de la sensibilité (c'est-à-dire la commande de gain) d'un détecteur de défaut ultrasonore à commande manuelle et à représentation de type A afin de pouvoir effectuer des mesurages reproductibles de la localisation et de la hauteur d'écho du réflecteur.
L'ISO 16811:2012 s'applique aux techniques qui utilisent un traducteur à contact simple avec transducteur unique ou à émetteur et récepteur séparés, mais exclut la technique en immersion et les techniques utilisant plus d'un traducteur.
Neporušitvene preiskave - Ultrazvočne preiskave - Občutljivost in območje nastavitve (ISO 16811:2012)
Standard EN ISO 16811 določa splošna pravila za nastavitev območja in občutljivosti (tj. nastavitev ojačanja) ročno upravljanega ultrazvočnega detektorja napak z A-scan prikazovalnikom z namenom, da se lahko opravi ponovljive meritve na podlagi lokacije in višine odboja. Standard velja tudi za tehnike, ki uporabljajo sondo z enojnim kontaktom z enim ali dvema pretvornikoma, ne velja pa za imerzno tehniko in tehnike, ki uporabljajo več kot eno sondo.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
01-julij-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 583-2:2001
1HSRUXãLWYHQHSUHLVNDYH8OWUD]YRþQHSUHLVNDYH2EþXWOMLYRVWLQREPRþMH
QDVWDYLWYH ,62
Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and range setting (ISO
16811:2012)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Ultraschallprüfung - Empfindlichkeits- und
Entfernungsjustierung (ISO 16811:2012)
Essais non destructifs - Contrôle par ultrasons - Réglage de la sensibilité et de la base
de temps (ISO16811:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16811:2014
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
SIST EN ISO 16811:2014 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16811
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2014
ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 583-2:2001
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and
range setting (ISO 16811:2012)
Essais non destructifs - Contrôle par ultrasons - Réglage de Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Ultraschallprüfung -
la sensibilité et de la base de temps (ISO 16811:2012) Empfindlichkeits- und Entfernungsjustierung (ISO
16811:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16811:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
EN ISO 16811:2014 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
EN ISO 16811:2014 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 16811:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing”
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16811:2014 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 583-2:2001.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16811:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16811:2014 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16811
First edition
2012-04-01
Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic
testing — Sensitivity and range setting
Essais non destructifs — Contrôle par ultrasons — Réglage de la
sensibilité et de la base de temps
Reference number
ISO 16811:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 General.1
3.1 Quantities and symbols.1
3.2 Test objects, reference blocks and reference reflectors.1
3.3 Categories of test objects.1
3.4 Contouring of probes.2
3.4.1 Longitudinally curved probes .3
3.4.2 Transversely curved probes.3
3.4.3 Concave scanning surface.4
4 Determination of probe index and beam angle .4
4.1 General.4
4.2 Flat probes.4
4.2.1 Calibration block technique .4
4.2.2 Reference block technique.4
4.3 Probes curved longitudinally .4
4.3.1 Mechanical determination.4
4.3.2 Reference Block Technique .6
4.4 Probes curved transversely .6
4.4.1 Mechanical determination.6
4.4.2 Reference block technique.7
4.5 Probes curved in two directions.8
4.6 Probes for use on materials other than non-alloy steel .9
5 Time base setting .9
5.1 General.9
5.2 Reference blocks and reference reflectors.9
5.3 Straight beam probes.10
5.3.1 Single reflector technique.10
5.3.2 Multiple reflector technique.10
5.4 Angle beam probes .10
5.4.1 Radius technique.10
5.4.2 Straight beam probe technique .10
5.4.3 Reference block technique.10
5.4.4 Contoured probes.10
5.5 Alternative range settings for angle beam probes .11
5.5.1 Flat surfaces.11
5.5.2 Curved surfaces.11
6 Sensitivity setting and echo height evaluation .13
6.1 General.13
6.2 Angle of impingement.13
6.3 Distance Amplitude Curve (DAC) technique .13
6.3.1 Reference blocks.13
6.3.2 Preparation of a Distance Amplitude Curve .14
6.3.3 Evaluation of signals using a Distance Amplitude Curve.15
6.3.4 Evaluation of signals using a reference height.15
6.4 Distance Gain Size (DGS) technique .16
6.4.1 General.16
6.4.2 Reference blocks.18
6.4.3 Use of DGS diagrams.18
6.4.4 Restrictions on use of the DGS technique due to geometry .20
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
6.5 Transfer correction.20
6.5.1 General.20
6.5.2 Fixed path length technique .20
6.5.3 Comparative technique.21
6.5.4 Compensation for local variations in transfer correction .22
Annex A (normative) Quantities and symbols .23
Annex B (normative) Reference blocks and reference reflectors .26
Annex C (normative) Determination of sound path distance and impingement angle in
concentrically curved objects .29
C.1 Impingement angle.29
C.2 Sound path when scanning from the outer (convex) surface: .29
C.2.1 Full skip.30
C.2.2 Half skip.30
C.3 Soundpath when scanning from the inner (concave) surface:.31
C.3.1 Full skip.31
C.3.2 Half skip.32
Annex D (informative) General DGS diagram.33
D.1 Distance.33
D.2 Gain.33
D.3 Size.34
Annex E (informative) Determination of contact transfer correction factors.35
E.1 General.35
E.2 Measurement.35
E.3 Evaluation.35
Bibliography .38
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16811 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 3,
Ultrasonic testing.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is based on EN 583-2:2001, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination —
Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting.
The following International Standards are linked.
ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — General principles
ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Sensitivity and range setting
ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Transmission technique
ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to
the surface
ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
ISO 16828, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for
detection and sizing of discontinuities
vi © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16811:2012(E)
Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Sensitivity and
range setting
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the general rules for setting the timebase range and sensitivity
(i. e. gain adjustment) of a manually operated ultrasonic flaw detector with A-scan display in order that
reproducible measurements may be made of the location and echo height of a reflector.
It is applicable to techniques employing a single contact probe with either a single or twin transducers, but
excludes the immersion technique and techniques employing more than one probe.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2400, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 1
ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 2
EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination
equipment — Part 3: Combined equipment
3 General
3.1 Quantities and symbols
A full list of the quantities and symbols used throughout this International Standard is given in Annex A.
3.2 Test objects, reference blocks and reference reflectors
Requirements for geometrical features of test objects, reference blocks and reference reflectors in general are
contained in Annex B.
3.3 Categories of test objects
The requirements for range and sensitivity setting will depend on the geometrical form of the test object. Five
categories of test objects are defined in Table 1.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
Table 1 — Categories of test objects
Class Feature Section in x-direction section in y-direction
1 Plane parallel surfaces
(e. g. plate/sheet)
2 Parallel, uniaxially curved
surfaces (e. g. tubes)
3 Parallel surfaces curved in
more than one direction
(e. g. dished ends)
4 Solid material of circular
cross section (e. g. rods
and bars)
5 Complex shapes (e. g.
nozzles, sockets)
3.4 Contouring of probes
Contouring of the probe shoe, for geometry categories 2 to 5, may be necessary to avoid probe rocking, i.e. to
ensure good, uniform, acoustic contact and a constant beam angle in the test object. Contouring is only
possible with probes having a hard plastic stand-off (normally twin-transducer straight beam probes or angle
beam probes with wedges).
The following conditions for the different geometric categories exist (see Table 1 and Figure 1):
⎯ category 1: No probe contouring necessary for scanning in either x- or y-direction;
⎯ categories 2 and 4: scanning in x-direction: Probe face longitudinally curved, scanning in y-direction:
Probe face transversely curved;
⎯ categories 3 and 5: scanning in either x- or y-direction: Probe face longitudinally and transversely curved.
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
The use of contoured probes necessitates setting the range and sensitivity on reference blocks contoured
similar to the test object, or the application of mathematical correction factors.
When using equations (1) or (2), problems due to low energy transmission or beam misalignment are avoided.
3.4.1 Longitudinally curved probes
3.4.1.1 Convex scanning surface
For scanning on convex surfaces the probe face shall be contoured when the diameter of the test object, D ,
obj
is below ten times the length of the probe shoe, l , (see Figure 1):
ps
D < 10l (1)
obj ps
3.4.1.2 Concave scanning surface
On a concave scanning surface the probe face shall always be contoured, unless adequate coupling can be
achieved due to very large radii of curvature.
3.4.2 Transversely curved probes
3.4.2.1 Convex scanning surface
For scanning on convex surfaces the probe face shall be contoured when the diameter of the test object, D ,
obj
is below ten times the width of the probe shoe, w , (see Figure 1):
ps
D < 10w (2)
obj ps
Key
1 Transversely curved
2 Longitudinally curved
Figure 1 — Length, l , and width, w , of probe shoe in direction of curvature of the test object
ps ps
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
3.4.2.2 Concave scanning surface
On a concave scanning surface the probe face shall always be contoured, unless adequate coupling can be
achieved due to very large radii of curvature
3.4.3 Concave scanning surface
The probe face shall fulfil the requirements of 3.4.1 and 3.4.2.
4 Determination of probe index and beam angle
4.1 General
For straight beam probes there is no requirement to measure probe index and beam angle as it is assumed
that the probe index is in the centre of the probe face and the angle of refraction is zero degrees.
When using angle probes, these parameters shall be measured in order that the position of a reflector in the
test object can be determined in relation to the probe position. The techniques and reference blocks employed
depend on the contouring of the probe face.
Measured beam angles depend on the sound velocity of the reference block used. If the block is not made of
non-alloy steel its velocity shall be determined and recorded.
4.2 Flat probes
4.2.1 Calibration block technique
Probe index and beam angle shall be determined using Calibration Block No. 1 or Calibration Block No. 2
according to the specifications given in ISO 2400 or ISO 7963 respectively, depending on the size of the
probe.
4.2.2 Reference block technique
An alternative technique using a reference block containing at least 3 side-drilled holes as given in EN 12668-
3 may be used.
4.3 Probes curved longitudinally
4.3.1 Mechanical determination
Before contouring the probe face, the probe index and beam angle shall be measured as described in 4.2.1.
The incident angle at the probe face (α ) shall be calculated from the measured beam angle (α) and a line,
d
originating from the probe index and parallel to the incident beam, shall be marked on the side of the probe,
as shown in Figure 2.
The incident angle is given by equation 3:
⎛c ⎞
d
α = arcsin⎜ sinα⎟ (3)
d
⎜ ⎟
c
⎝ t ⎠
where
c is the longitudinal wave velocity in the probe wedge (normally 2730 m/s for acrylic glass)
d
c is the transverse wave velocity in the test object (3255 m/s ± 15 m/s for non-alloy steel).
t
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
After contouring, the probe index will have moved along the marked line, and its new position can be
measured by mechanical means directly on the probe housing, as shown in Figure 2.
The beam angle shall be determined by maximizing the echo from a side-drilled hole satisfying the conditions
given in annex B. The beam angle may then be measured directly on the test object, on the reference block,
or on a scale drawing. See Figure 3.
Alternatively, the beam angle may be determined by calculation on the basis of the sound path length
measured on the reference block by mechanical means, using equation (4). This may be accomplished
together with the range setting as described in 5.4.4.
2
2 2
⎧ ⎫
[()D / 2 + s − t + sD + tD ]
⎪ SDH SDH Obj⎪
α= arccos (4)
⎨ ⎬
D[]s+()D / 2
Obj SDH
⎪ ⎪
⎩ ⎭
The symbols used in this equation are illustrated in Figure 3.
The radius of curvature of the surface used for the calibration shall be within ± 10 % of that of the test object.
Key
1 Marked line for index shift
2 Index point after contouring
3 Index point before contouring
Figure 2 — Determination of index shift for longitudinally curved probes
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 5
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
Figure 3 — Determination of beam angle α for a longitudinally contoured probe
4.3.2 Reference Block Technique
This is similar to that referenced in 4.2.2, except that the test block shall have a radius of curvature
within ± 10% of that of the test object.
4.4 Probes curved transversely
4.4.1 Mechanical determination
Before contouring the probe face the probe index and beam angle shall be measured as described in 4.2.
After contouring, either
i) a line representing the incident beam, originating from the probe index, shall be marked on the
side of the probe. The new position of the probe index shall be measured on the side of the
probe as shown in Figure 4;
ii) the shift in probe index position (Δx) shall be calculated using equation 5:
Δx= g tan (α ) (5)
d
The symbols in this equation are illustrated in Figure 4.
For acrylic glass wedges (c =2730 m/s) and non-alloy steel test objects (c =3255 m/s) the shift in the probe
d t
index position (Δx), for the three most commonly used beam angles, shall be read from Figure 5 in relation to
the depth of contouring (g).
The beam angle should not change during contouring.
However, if it is not known, or there is any variation in the depth of contouring along the length of the probe, it
shall be measured on a suitably contoured reference block using a side drilled hole satisfying the conditions
given in Annex B. The beam angle shall be determined by:
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 16811:2014
ISO 16811:2012(E)
iii) drawing a straight line between the hole and the probe index o
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
01-november-2013
1HSRUXãLWYHQRSUHVNXãDQMH8OWUD]YRþQHSUHLVNDYHGHO 1DVWDYLWHY
REþXWOMLYRVWLLQREPRþMD ,62
Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and range setting (ISO
16811:2012)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Ultraschallprüfung - Empfindlichkeits- und
Entfernungsjustierung (ISO 16811:2012)
Essais non destructifs - Contrôle par ultrasons - Réglage de la sensibilité et de la base
de temps (ISO16811:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprEN ISO 16811
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN ISO 16811
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2013
ICS 19.100 Will supersede EN 583-2:2001
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and
range setting (ISO 16811:2012)
Essais non destructifs - Contrôle par ultrasons - Réglage Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Ultraschallprüfung -
de la sensibilité et de la base de temps (ISO 16811:2012) Empfindlichkeits- und Entfernungsjustierung (ISO
16811:2012)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 138.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN ISO 16811:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
FprEN ISO 16811:2013 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword .3
2
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kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
FprEN ISO 16811:2013 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 16811:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing”
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as FprEN ISO
16811:2013 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by
AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure.
This document will supersede EN 583-2:2001.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16811:2012 has been approved by CEN as FprEN ISO 16811:2013 without any modification.
3
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kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
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kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16811
First edition
2012-04-01
Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic
testing — Sensitivity and range setting
Essais non destructifs — Contrôle par ultrasons — Réglage de la
sensibilité et de la base de temps
Reference number
ISO 16811:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
ISO 16811:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
ISO 16811:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 General.1
3.1 Quantities and symbols.1
3.2 Test objects, reference blocks and reference reflectors.1
3.3 Categories of test objects.1
3.4 Contouring of probes.2
3.4.1 Longitudinally curved probes .3
3.4.2 Transversely curved probes.3
3.4.3 Concave scanning surface.4
4 Determination of probe index and beam angle .4
4.1 General.4
4.2 Flat probes.4
4.2.1 Calibration block technique .4
4.2.2 Reference block technique.4
4.3 Probes curved longitudinally .4
4.3.1 Mechanical determination.4
4.3.2 Reference Block Technique .6
4.4 Probes curved transversely .6
4.4.1 Mechanical determination.6
4.4.2 Reference block technique.7
4.5 Probes curved in two directions.8
4.6 Probes for use on materials other than non-alloy steel .9
5 Time base setting .9
5.1 General.9
5.2 Reference blocks and reference reflectors.9
5.3 Straight beam probes.10
5.3.1 Single reflector technique.10
5.3.2 Multiple reflector technique.10
5.4 Angle beam probes .10
5.4.1 Radius technique.10
5.4.2 Straight beam probe technique .10
5.4.3 Reference block technique.10
5.4.4 Contoured probes.10
5.5 Alternative range settings for angle beam probes .11
5.5.1 Flat surfaces.11
5.5.2 Curved surfaces.11
6 Sensitivity setting and echo height evaluation .13
6.1 General.13
6.2 Angle of impingement.13
6.3 Distance Amplitude Curve (DAC) technique .13
6.3.1 Reference blocks.13
6.3.2 Preparation of a Distance Amplitude Curve .14
6.3.3 Evaluation of signals using a Distance Amplitude Curve.15
6.3.4 Evaluation of signals using a reference height.15
6.4 Distance Gain Size (DGS) technique .16
6.4.1 General.16
6.4.2 Reference blocks.18
6.4.3 Use of DGS diagrams.18
6.4.4 Restrictions on use of the DGS technique due to geometry .20
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6.5 Transfer correction.20
6.5.1 General.20
6.5.2 Fixed path length technique .20
6.5.3 Comparative technique.21
6.5.4 Compensation for local variations in transfer correction .22
Annex A (normative) Quantities and symbols .23
Annex B (normative) Reference blocks and reference reflectors .26
Annex C (normative) Determination of sound path distance and impingement angle in
concentrically curved objects .29
C.1 Impingement angle.29
C.2 Sound path when scanning from the outer (convex) surface: .29
C.2.1 Full skip.30
C.2.2 Half skip.30
C.3 Soundpath when scanning from the inner (concave) surface:.31
C.3.1 Full skip.31
C.3.2 Half skip.32
Annex D (informative) General DGS diagram.33
D.1 Distance.33
D.2 Gain.33
D.3 Size.34
Annex E (informative) Determination of contact transfer correction factors.35
E.1 General.35
E.2 Measurement.35
E.3 Evaluation.35
Bibliography .38
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16811 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 3,
Ultrasonic testing.
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Introduction
This International Standard is based on EN 583-2:2001, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination —
Part 2: Sensitivity and range setting.
The following International Standards are linked.
ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — General principles
ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Sensitivity and range setting
ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Transmission technique
ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to
the surface
ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
ISO 16828, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for
detection and sizing of discontinuities
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kSIST FprEN ISO 16811:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16811:2012(E)
Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Sensitivity and
range setting
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the general rules for setting the timebase range and sensitivity
(i. e. gain adjustment) of a manually operated ultrasonic flaw detector with A-scan display in order that
reproducible measurements may be made of the location and echo height of a reflector.
It is applicable to techniques employing a single contact probe with either a single or twin transducers, but
excludes the immersion technique and techniques employing more than one probe.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2400, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 1
ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 2
EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination
equipment — Part 3: Combined equipment
3 General
3.1 Quantities and symbols
A full list of the quantities and symbols used throughout this International Standard is given in Annex A.
3.2 Test objects, reference blocks and reference reflectors
Requirements for geometrical features of test objects, reference blocks and reference reflectors in general are
contained in Annex B.
3.3 Categories of test objects
The requirements for range and sensitivity setting will depend on the geometrical form of the test object. Five
categories of test objects are defined in Table 1.
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Table 1 — Categories of test objects
Class Feature Section in x-direction section in y-direction
1 Plane parallel surfaces
(e. g. plate/sheet)
2 Parallel, uniaxially curved
surfaces (e. g. tubes)
3 Parallel surfaces curved in
more than one direction
(e. g. dished ends)
4 Solid material of circular
cross section (e. g. rods
and bars)
5 Complex shapes (e. g.
nozzles, sockets)
3.4 Contouring of probes
Contouring of the probe shoe, for geometry categories 2 to 5, may be necessary to avoid probe rocking, i.e. to
ensure good, uniform, acoustic contact and a constant beam angle in the test object. Contouring is only
possible with probes having a hard plastic stand-off (normally twin-transducer straight beam probes or angle
beam probes with wedges).
The following conditions for the different geometric categories exist (see Table 1 and Figure 1):
⎯ category 1: No probe contouring necessary for scanning in either x- or y-direction;
⎯ categories 2 and 4: scanning in x-direction: Probe face longitudinally curved, scanning in y-direction:
Probe face transversely curved;
⎯ categories 3 and 5: scanning in either x- or y-direction: Probe face longitudinally and transversely curved.
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The use of contoured probes necessitates setting the range and sensitivity on reference blocks contoured
similar to the test object, or the application of mathematical correction factors.
When using equations (1) or (2), problems due to low energy transmission or beam misalignment are avoided.
3.4.1 Longitudinally curved probes
3.4.1.1 Convex scanning surface
For scanning on convex surfaces the probe face shall be contoured when the diameter of the test object, D ,
obj
is below ten times the length of the probe shoe, l , (see Figure 1):
ps
D < 10l (1)
obj ps
3.4.1.2 Concave scanning surface
On a concave scanning surface the probe face shall always be contoured, unless adequate coupling can be
achieved due to very large radii of curvature.
3.4.2 Transversely curved probes
3.4.2.1 Convex scanning surface
For scanning on convex surfaces the probe face shall be contoured when the diameter of the test object, D ,
obj
is below ten times the width of the probe shoe, w , (see Figure 1):
ps
D < 10w (2)
obj ps
Key
1 Transversely curved
2 Longitudinally curved
Figure 1 — Length, l , and width, w , of probe shoe in direction of curvature of the test object
ps ps
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3.4.2.2 Concave scanning surface
On a concave scanning surface the probe face shall always be contoured, unless adequate coupling can be
achieved due to very large radii of curvature
3.4.3 Concave scanning surface
The probe face shall fulfil the requirements of 3.4.1 and 3.4.2.
4 Determination of probe index and beam angle
4.1 General
For straight beam probes there is no requirement to measure probe index and beam angle as it is assumed
that the probe index is in the centre of the probe face and the angle of refraction is zero degrees.
When using angle probes, these parameters shall be measured in order that the position of a reflector in the
test object can be determined in relation to the probe position. The techniques and reference blocks employed
depend on the contouring of the probe face.
Measured beam angles depend on the sound velocity of the reference block used. If the block is not made of
non-alloy steel its velocity shall be determined and recorded.
4.2 Flat probes
4.2.1 Calibration block technique
Probe index and beam angle shall be determined using Calibration Block No. 1 or Calibration Block No. 2
according to the specifications given in ISO 2400 or ISO 7963 respectively, depending on the size of the
probe.
4.2.2 Reference block technique
An alternative technique using a reference block containing at least 3 side-drilled holes as given in EN 12668-
3 may be used.
4.3 Probes curved longitudinally
4.3.1 Mechanical determination
Before contouring the probe face, the probe index and beam angle shall be measured as described in 4.2.1.
The incident angle at the probe face (α ) shall be calculated from the measured beam angle (α) and a line,
d
originating from the probe index and parallel to the incident beam, shall be marked on the side of the probe,
as shown in Figure 2.
The incident angle is given by equation 3:
⎛c ⎞
d
α = arcsin⎜ sinα⎟ (3)
d
⎜ ⎟
c
⎝ t ⎠
where
c is the longitudinal wave velocity in the probe wedge (normally 2730 m/s for acrylic glass)
d
c is the transverse wave velocity in the test object (3255 m/s ± 15 m/s for non-alloy steel).
t
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After contouring, the probe index will have moved along the marked line, and its new position can be
measured by mechanical means directly on the probe housing, as shown in Figure 2.
The beam angle shall be determined by maximizing the echo from a side-drilled hole satisfying the conditions
given in annex B. The beam angle may then be measured directly on the test object, on the reference block,
or on a scale drawing. See Figure 3.
Alternatively, the beam angle may be determined by calculation on the basis of the sound path length
measured on the reference block by mechanical means, using equation (4). This may be accomplished
together with the range setting as described in 5.4.4.
2
2 2
⎧ ⎫
[()D / 2 + s − t + sD + tD ]
⎪ SDH SDH Obj⎪
α= arccos (4)
⎨ ⎬
D[]s+()D / 2
Obj SDH
⎪ ⎪
⎩ ⎭
The symbols used in this equation are illustrated in Figure 3.
The radius of curvature of the surface used for the calibration shall be within ± 10 % of that of the test object.
Key
1 Marked line for index shift
2 Index point after contouring
3 Index point before contouring
Figure 2 — Determination of index shift for longitudinally curved probes
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Figure 3 — Determination of beam angle α for a longitudinally contoured probe
4.3.2 Reference Block Technique
This is similar to that referenced in 4.2.2, except that the test block shall have a radius of curvature
within ± 10% of that of the test object.
4.4 Probes curved transversely
4.4.1 Mechanical determination
Before contouring the probe face the probe index and beam angle shall be measured as described in 4.2.
After contouring, either
i) a line representing the incident beam, originating from the probe index, shall be marked on the
side of the probe. The new position of the probe index shall be measured on the side of the
probe as shown in Figure 4;
ii) the shift in probe index position (Δx) shall be calculated using equation 5:
Δx= g tan (α ) (5)
d
The symbols in this equation are illustrated in Figure 4.
For acrylic glass wedges (c =2730 m/s) and non-alloy steel test objects (c =3255 m/s) the shift in the probe
d t
index position (Δx), for the three most commonly used beam angles, shall be read from Figure 5 in relation to
the depth of contouring (g).
The beam angle should not change during contouring.
However, if it is not known, or there is any variation in the depth of contouring along the length of the probe, it
shall be measured on a suitably contoured reference block using a side drilled hole satisfying the conditions
given in Annex B. The beam angle shall be determined by:
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iii) drawing a straight line between the hole and the probe index on a scale drawing; or
iv) calculation using, for example, equation (6) for the setup illustrated in Figure 6.
⎡ A'+ x− q⎤
α= arctan
⎢ ⎥
t
⎣ ⎦
Key
1 Marked line for index shift
2 Index point after contouring
3 Index point before contouring
Figure 4 — Determination of index shift for transversely curved probes
4.4.2 Reference block technique
This technique is similar to that referenced in 4.2.2 except that the test block shall be curved transversely in
relation to the probe, and s
...
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