SIST EN 60086-4:2008
Primary batteries -- Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
Primary batteries -- Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
This part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.
Primärbatterien -- Teil 4: Sicherheitsnorm für Lithium-Batterien
Piles électriques -- Partie 4: Sécurité des piles au lithium
Spécifie les essais et les exigences pour les piles au lithium afin d'assurer leur fonctionnement en toute sécurité dans des conditions d'utilisation prévue et d'un mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisible. Les principales modifications techniques par rapport à l'édition précédente, concernent l'harmonisation avec la CEI 62281.
Primarne baterije - 4. del: Varnostni standard za litijeve baterije (IEC 60086-4:2007)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60086-4:2008
01-marec-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60086-4:2001
Primarne baterije - 4. del: Varnostni standard za litijeve baterije (IEC 60086-4:2007)
Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
Primärbatterien - Teil 4: Sicherheitsnorm für Lithium-Batterien
Piles électriques - Partie 4: Sécurité des piles au lithium
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60086-4:2007
ICS:
29.220.10
SIST EN 60086-4:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60086-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2007
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.220.10 Supersedes EN 60086-4:2000
English version
Primary batteries -
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
(IEC 60086-4:2007)
Piles électriques - Primärbatterien -
Partie 4: Sécurité des piles au lithium Teil 4: Sicherheitsnorm
(CEI 60086-4:2007) für Lithium-Batterien
(IEC 60086-4:2007)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-11-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60086-4:2007 E
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EN 60086-4:2007 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 35/1240/CDV, future edition 3 of IEC 60086-4, prepared by IEC TC 35, Primary
cells and batteries, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel Unique Acceptance Procedure and was
approved by CENELEC as EN 60086-4 on 2007-11-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60086-4:2000.
EN 60086-4:2007 is the result of a reformatting initiative aimed at making this part more user-friendly,
less ambiguous and, from a cross-reference point of view, fully harmonized with other parts of EN 60086.
The major technical changes, with regard to EN 60086-4:2000, concern:
– harmonization with EN 62281;
– the tests were renumbered and partly revised or deleted. One test (F: Impact) was added for
compliance with EN 62281. The table shows the old and new test numbers as well as tests that were
added. The test number in brackets indicates major changes of the test procedure.
Old New Test designation
C-3 A Altitude
(C-1) B Thermal cycling
B-1 C Vibration
B-2 D Shock
D-1 E External short circuit
F Impact
E-2 G Crush
H Forced discharge
D-4 I Abnormal charging
E-1 J Free fall
F-1 K Thermal abuse
D-3 L Incorrect installation
D-6 M Overdischarge
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2008-08-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2010-11-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
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- 3 - EN 60086-4:2007
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60086-4:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60068-2-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-6:1995 (not modified).
IEC 60068-2-27 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-27:1993 (not modified).
IEC 60068-2-32 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-32:1993 (not modified).
IEC 62133 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62133:2003 (not modified).
IEC 61960 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61960:2004 (not modified).
IEC 62281 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62281:2004 (not modified).
IEC 60086-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60086-5:2005 (not modified).
__________
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EN 60086-4:2007 - 4 -
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 2)
IEC 60086-1 – Primary batteries - EN 60086-1 2007
Part 1: General
1) 2)
IEC 60086-2 – Primary batteries - EN 60086-2 2007
Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.
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IEC 60086-4
Edition 3.0 2007-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Primary batteries –
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
Piles électriques –
Partie 4: Sécurité des piles au lithium
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
V
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.220.10 ISBN 2-8318-9304-6
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– 2 – 60086-4 © IEC:2007
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Requirements for safety .9
4.1 Design.9
4.2 Quality plan.10
5 Sampling .10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Test samples.10
6 Testing and requirements .11
6.1 General .11
6.1.1 Test application matrix.11
6.1.2 Safety notice .11
6.1.3 Ambient temperature .11
6.1.4 Parameter measurement tolerances .11
6.1.5 Predischarge .12
6.1.6 Additional cells .12
6.2 Evaluation of test criteria.12
6.2.1 Short-circuit.12
6.2.2 Excessive temperature rise.12
6.2.3 Leakage .12
6.2.4 Mass loss .12
6.2.5 Venting.12
6.2.6 Fire .13
6.2.7 Rupture .13
6.2.8 Explosion .13
6.3 Tests and requirements – Overview.14
6.4 Tests for intended use.14
6.4.1 Test A: Altitude.14
6.4.2 Test B: Thermal cycling .15
6.4.3 Test C: Vibration .15
6.4.4 Test D: Shock.16
6.5 Tests for reasonably foreseeable misuse.16
6.5.1 Test E: External short-circuit .16
6.5.2 Test F: Impact .17
6.5.3 Test G: Crush .17
6.5.4 Test H: Forced discharge .18
6.5.5 Test I: Abnormal charging.18
6.5.6 Test J: Free fall .19
6.5.7 Test K: Thermal abuse .19
6.5.8 Test L: Incorrect installation .20
6.5.9 Test M: Overdischarge .20
6.6 Information to be given in the relevant specification .21
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60086-4 © IEC:2007 – 3 –
6.7 Evaluation and report .22
7 Information for safety.22
7.1 Safety precautions during design of equipment .22
7.1.1 Charge protection.22
7.1.2 Parallel connection .22
7.2 Safety precautions during handling of batteries .22
7.3 Packaging .24
7.4 Handling of battery cartons.24
7.5 Transport .25
7.5.1 General .25
7.5.2 Air transport .25
7.5.3 Sea transport.25
7.5.4 Land transport .25
7.6 Display and storage.25
7.7 Disposal .25
8 Instructions for use.26
9 Marking .26
9.1 General .26
9.2 Small batteries .27
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the achievement of safety of lithium batteries .28
Annex B (informative) Guidelines for designers of equipment using lithium batteries.29
Annex C (informative) Additional information on display and storage .31
Bibliography.32
Figure 1 – Mesh screen .13
Figure 2 – Thermal cycling procedure .15
Figure 3 – Axes for free fall.19
Figure 4 – Circuit diagram for incorrect installation .20
Figure 5 – Circuit diagram for overdischarge.21
Figure 6 – Safety wiring for charge protection .22
Figure 7 – Ingestion gauge .24
Table 1 – Number of test samples.10
Table 2 – Test application matrix .11
Table 3 – Maximum mass loss .12
Table 4 – Tests and requirements.14
Table 5 – Vibration profile (sinusoidal) .16
Table 6 – Shock parameters .16
Table 7 – Resistive load for overdischarge.21
Table A.1 – Battery design guidelines .28
Table B.1 – Equipment design guidelines.29
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– 4 – 60086-4 © IEC:2007
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60086-4 has been prepared by technical committee 35: Primary
cells and batteries.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2000. It is the result of
a reformatting initiative aimed at making this part more user-friendly, less ambiguous and,
from a cross-reference point of view, fully harmonized with other parts of IEC 60086.
The major technical changes, with regard to the previous edition, concern:
1
a) Harmonisation with IEC 62281 [11]
b) The tests were renumbered and partly revised or deleted. One test (F: Impact) was added
for compliance with IEC 62281. The table shows the old and new test numbers as well as
tests that were added. The test number in brackets indicates major changes of the test
procedure.
———————
1
Figures in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
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60086-4 © IEC:2007 – 5 –
Old New Test designation
C-3 A Altitude
(C-1) B Thermal cycling
B-1 C Vibration
B-2 D Shock
D-1 E External short circuit
F Impact
E-2 G Crush
H Forced discharge
D-4 I Abnormal charging
E-1 J Free fall
F-1 K Thermal abuse
D-3 L Incorrect installation
D-6 M Overdischarge
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
35/1240/CDV 35/1250/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60086 series, under the general title Primary batteries, can be
found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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– 6 – 60086-4 © IEC:2007
INTRODUCTION
The concept of safety is closely related to safeguarding the integrity of people and property.
This standard specifies tests and requirements for lithium batteries and has been prepared in
accordance with ISO/IEC guidelines, taking into account all relevant national and international
standards which apply.
Lithium batteries are different from conventional primary batteries using aqueous electrolyte
in that they contain flammable materials.
Consequently, it is important to carefully consider safety during design, production,
distribution, use, and disposal of lithium batteries. Based on such special characteristics,
lithium batteries for consumer applications were initially small in size and had low power
output. There were also lithium batteries with high power output which were used for special
industrial and military applications and were characterized as being “technician replaceable”.
The first edition of this standard was drafted to accommodate this situation.
However, from around the end of the 1980s, lithium batteries with high power output started to
be widely used in the consumer replacement market, mainly as a power source in camera
applications. Since the demand for such lithium batteries with high power output significantly
increased, various manufacturers started to produce these types of lithium batteries. As a
consequence of this situation, the safety aspects for lithium batteries with high power output
were included in the second edition of this standard.
The major target of the third edition of this standard was to harmonize it with the transport
tests for lithium batteries that were published in IEC 62281 [11].
Guidelines addressing safety issues during the design of lithium batteries are provided in
Annex A. Annex B provides guidelines addressing safety issues during the design of
equipment where lithium batteries are installed. Both Annex A and B reflect experience with
lithium batteries used in camera applications and are based on document[18] of the
bibliography.
Safety is freedom from unacceptable risk. There can be no absolute safety: some risk will
remain. Therefore a product, process or service can only be relatively safe. Safety is achieved
by reducing risk to a tolerable level determined by the search for an optimal balance between
the ideal of absolute safety and the demands to be met by a product, process or service, and
factors such as benefit to the user, suitability for purpose, cost effectiveness, and conventions
of the society concerned.
As safety will pose different problems, it is impossible to provide a set of precise provisions
and recommendations that will apply in every case. However, this standard, when followed on
a judicious “use when applicable” basis, will provide reasonably consistent standards for
safety.
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60086-4 © IEC:2007 – 7 –
PRIMARY BATTERIES –
Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure
their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.
NOTE Primary lithium batteries that are standardized in IEC 60086-2 are expected to meet all applicable
requirements herein. It is understood that consideration of this part of IEC 60086 might also be given to measuring
and/or ensuring the safety of non-standardized primary lithium batteries. In either case, no claim or warranty is
made that compliance or non-compliance with this standard will fulfil or not fulfil any of the user’s particular
purposes or needs.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60086-1, Primary batteries – Part 1: General
IEC 60086-2, Primary batteries – Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Certain definitions taken from IEC 60050-482 and IEC 60086-1 are repeated below for convenience.
3.1
aggregate lithium content
total lithium content of the cells comprising a battery
3.2
battery
one or more cells fitted with devices necessary for use, for example case, terminals, marking
and protective devices
[IEV 482-01-04:2004]
3.3
button cell
coin cell
cell with a cylindrical shape in which the overall height is less than the diameter, e.g. in the
shape of a button or a coin
[IEV 482-02-40:2004]
3.4
cell
basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals
and usually separators that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of
chemical energy
[IEV 482-01-01:2004]
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– 8 – 60086-4 © IEC:2007
3.5
component cell
cell contained in a battery
3.6
cylindrical cell
cell with a cylindrical shape in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter
[IEV 482-02-39:2004]
3.7
depth of discharge
percentage of rated capacity discharged from a battery
3.8
fully discharged
state of charge of a cell or battery corresponding to 100 % depth of discharge
3.9
harm
physical injury or damage to health of people, or damage to property or the environment
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.3]
3.10
hazard
potential source of harm
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.5]
3.11
intended use
use of a product, process or service in accordance with information provided by the supplier
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.13]
3.12
large battery
battery in which the aggregate lithium content is more than 500 g
3.13
large cell
cell in which the lithium content is more than 12 g
3.14
lithium cell
cell containing a non-aqueous electrolyte and a negative electrode of lithium or containing
lithium
[IEV 482-01-06:2004]
3.15
nominal voltage
suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell, a battery or an
electrochemical system
[IEV 482-03-31:2004]
3.16
open circuit voltage (OCV, U , off-load voltage)
OC
voltage across the terminals of a battery when no external current is flowing
[IEV 482-03-32:2004, modified]
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60086-4 © IEC:2007 – 9 –
3.17
prismatic
qualifies a cell or a battery having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular
[IEV 482-02-38:2004]
3.18
protective devices
devices such as fuses, diodes or other electric or electronic current limiters designed to
interrupt the current flow, block the current flow in one direction or limit the current flow in an
electrical circuit
3.19
rated capacity
capacity value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared by the
manufacturer
[IEV 482-03-15:2004, modified]
3.20
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of a product, process or service in a way not intended by the supplier, but which may
result from readily predictable human behaviour
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.14]
3.21
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.2]
3.22
safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.1]
3.23
undischarged
state of charge of a primary cell or battery corresponding to 0 % depth of discharge
4 Requirements for safety
4.1 Design
Lithium batteries are categorized by their chemical composition (anode, cathode, electrolyte),
internal construction (bobbin, spiral) and are available in cylindrical, button/coin and prismatic
configurations. It is necessary to consider all relevant safety aspects at the battery design
stage, recognizing the fact that they may differ considerably,
...
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