SIST-TS ISO/TS 19157-2:2017

Geographic information -- Data quality -- Part 2: XML schema implementation

This document defines data quality encoding in XML. It is an XML schema implementation derived from
ISO 19157:2013 and the data quality related concepts from ISO 19115-2.

Information geographique -- Qualite des donnees -- Partie 2: Implémentation de schémas XML

Geografske informacije - Kakovost podatkov - 2. del: Izvajanje sheme XML

Ta dokument določa kodiranje kakovosti podatkov v XML. Gre za izvajanje sheme XML iz standarda ISO 19157:2013 in povezane koncepte glede kakovosti podatkov iz standarda ISO 19115-2.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Mar-2017
• Publication Date: 14-May-2017
• ICS: 07.040 - Astronomy. Geodesy. Geography
• ICS: 35.240.70 - IT applications in science
• Technical Committee: GIG - Geographic information
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 21-Mar-2017
• Due Date: 26-May-2017
• Completion Date: 15-May-2017
• Ref Project: ISO/TS 19157-2:2016 - Geographic information — Data quality — Part 2: XML schema implementation

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19157-2
First edition
2016-12-01
Geographic information — Data
quality —
Part 2:
XML schema implementation
Information geographique — Qualite des donnees —
Partie 2: Implémentation de schémas XML
Reference number
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Conformance . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Metadata for data quality . 2
4.3 Data quality measures . 2
5 Abbreviated terms . 2
5.1 Abbreviated terms . 2
5.2 Namespaces . 2
6 XML schema and document requirements . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Core requirements . 3
6.3 XML namespaces and requirements . 4
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite . 8
Annex B (informative) XML resources related to data quality .11
Annex C (informative) How ISO 19115-2:2009 is included in this document .12
Annex D (informative) Implementation examples .14
Bibliography .20
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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19157 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

Introduction
This document utilizes encoding rules from ISO 19118 and ISO/TS 19139, and the implementation
approach from ISO/TS 19115-3 to define an XML schema implementation of ISO 19157:2013, and the
data quality related concepts from ISO 19115-2. This schema can be used to validate conformance of
XML instance documents with these conceptual models.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)
Geographic information — Data quality —
Part 2:
XML schema implementation
1 Scope
This document defines data quality encoding in XML. It is an XML schema implementation derived from
ISO 19157:2013 and the data quality related concepts from ISO 19115-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19103:2015, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19105:2000, Geographic information — Conformance and testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
3.1
document
well-formed data object
[SOURCE: W3C XML]
3.2
schema document
XML document containing schema component definitions and declarations
Note 1 to entry: The W3C XML Schema provides an XML interchange format for schema information. A single
schema document provides descriptions of components associated with a single XML namespace, but several
documents may describe components in the same schema, i.e. the same target namespace (3.3).
[SOURCE: ISO 19136:2007, 4.1.55]
3.3
namespace
collection of names, identified by a URI reference, which are used in XML documents (3.1) as element
names and attribute names
[SOURCE: W3C XML]
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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

3.4
package
general purpose mechanism for organizing elements into groups
EXAMPLE Identification information, metadata entity set information, constraint information.
[SOURCE: ISO 19103:2015, 4.27, modified – Example has been added.]
4 Conformance
4.1 General
The framework, concepts, and methodology for testing, and the criteria to be achieved to claim
conformance, are specified in ISO 19105. See also Annex A.
4.2 Metadata for data quality
XML documents containing XML fragments with elements related to data quality and metaquality
reports described in ISO 19157 or XML fragments related to data quality elements described in
ISO 19115-2 shall pass the test modules defined in A.2.
4.3 Data quality measures
XML documents containing XML fragments with elements related to data quality measures described
in ISO 19157 shall pass the test modules defined in A.3.
5 Abbreviated terms
5.1 Abbreviated terms
UML Unified Modeling Language
URI Unique Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
XML eXtensible Markup Language
XSD XML Schema Definition
5.2 Namespaces
XML namespaces defined in this document have URIs that follow the pattern: http://standards.iso.
org/iso/19157/-2/xxx/N.M, where xxx is the namespace abbreviation, N is the major version number,
and M is the minor version number. The namespace directories include descriptions of the content of
the namespace, and links to the base specification it implements and to the normative XML schema
location.
The following conventions are used to abbreviate the namespaces used to group XML elements.
Definition of namespaces specific to the implementation of ISO 19157 and their rationale are discussed in
6.3. Table 1 includes namespaces that are from schema defined in other specifications and are imported
by this implementation. The short string in the left column of Table 1 is used as a prefix to associate
an XML element with the namespace. The second column contains an English-language description of
the namespace, and the string in the third column is the URI that identifies the namespace. The final
column lists the standard from which this namespace is imported. Table 2 lists abbreviations and other
information for namespaces used for UML packages defined in ISO 19157:2013 and ISO 19115-2:2009.
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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

Table 1 — External namespace URIs and namespace abbreviation conventions used in this
document
Namespace
Namespace
abbreviation Namespace URI Source
name
convention
gco Geog raphic http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/gco/1.0 ISO/TS 19115-3
Common
gml Geography http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/gml.xsd ISO 19136
Markup
Language
xlink XML linking http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink XML Linking Language (XLink)
language Version 1.1
xs W3C XML http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema W3C XML Schema Definition
Schema  Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1:
definition  Structures
schema
W3C XML Schema Definition
Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2:
Datatypes
Table 2 — Namespace URIs and namespace abbreviation conventions defined and used in this
document for packages defined in ISO 19157
Namespace
Namespace
abbreviation Scope Namespace URI ISO UML Package
name
convention
mdq Metadata for elements for data http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/- ISO 19157
Data Quality quality and 2/mdq/1.0
<>
metaquality
reports DQ_DataQuality and
ISO 19115-2
<>
QE_CoverageResult
dqm Data Quality elements for data http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/- <>
Measures quality measures 2/dqm/1.0
DQM_Measure
dqc Data Quality abstract classes http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/- Implementation
Common required for modular 2/dqc/1.0 Model
implementation
6 XML schema and document requirements
6.1 General
This XML schema implementation of ISO 19157:2013 and the data quality concepts from
ISO 19115-2:2009 follows the encoding rules stated in ISO 19118, ISO/TS 19139:2007, and the
implementation approach from ISO/TS 19115-3:2016, Clause 8.
6.2 Core requirements
The requirements class described in Table 3 defines requirements that shall be met by any XML instance
document based on this document.
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Table 3 — Core requirements for data quality instance
Requirements class
http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/req/data-quality-core-instance
Target Type XML instance document
Name Core requirements for data quality instance
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/req/data-quality-core-encoding
Requirement /req/data-quality-external-instance/property-type-content
A property element instance SHALL have exactly one of 1) inline content (by-value) that is
a schema-valid XML class instance, or 2) an xlink:href attribute (by-reference value), or 3) a
gco:nilReason attribute (nil value).
Requirement /req/data-quality-external-instance/xml-well-formed
An XML instance document SHALL be well-formed and valid with respect to the schema de-
fined in this document.
6.3 XML namespaces and requirements
Table 4 defines the requirements classes for each namespace module.
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Table 4 — Requirements classes for XML instance documents for each namespace module
a b a a
Requirement class URI Namespace Dependencies Requirements
/req/data-quality-instance /mdq/1.0 /req/data-quality- /req/data-quality-instance/scope
core-instance
Any instance of DQ_DataQuality SHALL have a scope
/req/common property value
-classes-instance
/req/data-quality-instance/report
Any instance of DQ_DataQuality SHALL have a report
property value
/req/data-quality-instance/result
Any concrete instance of DQ_Element SHALL have
a result property value
/req/data-quality-instance/relatedElement
Any concrete instance of DQ_Metaquality SHALL
have a relatedElement property value
/req/data-quality-instance/quantitative-value
Any instance of DQ_QuantitativeResult SHALL have
a value property value
/req/data-quality-instance/conformance-pass
Any instance of DQ_ConformanceResult SHALL have
a pass property value
/req /dat a-qua lit y-ins t a nce/con for ma nce-
specification
Any instance of DQ_ConformanceResult SHALL have
a specification property value
/req/data-quality-instance/descriptive-statement
Any instance of DQ_DescriptiveResult SHALL have
a statement property value
a
The complete URI begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
b
The complete URL begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
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Table 4 (continued)
a b a a
Requirement class URI Namespace Dependencies Requirements
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-spatial-
representation-type
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have a
spatialRepresentationType
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-spatial-
representation-information
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one and
only one resultSpatialRepresentation property value
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-spatial-
representation-information
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one
and only one resultContentDescription property value
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-content-
description
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one
and only one resultContentDescription property value
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-result-format
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one
and only one resultFormat property value
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-result-format
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one
and only one resultFile property value
/req/quality-measure-instance /dqm/1.0 /req/data-quality- /req/quality-measure-instance/measureIdentifier
core-instance
Any instance of DQM_Measure SHALL have a
/req/common- measureIdentifier property value
classes-instance
/req/citation-instance
/req/quality-measure-instance/name
Any instance of DQM_Measure SHALL have a name
property value
a
The complete URI begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
b
The complete URL begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
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Table 4 (continued)
a b a a
Requirement class URI Namespace Dependencies Requirements
/req/quality-measure-instance/elementName
Any instance of DQM_Measure SHALL have a
elementName property value
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueType
Any instance of DQM_Measure SHALL have a
valueType property value
/req/quality-measure-instance/TypeName
Any instance of DQM_Measure.elementName SHALL
be the TypeName of a data quality element
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueType-dataType
Any instance of DQM_Measure.valueType SHALL be
one of the data types defined in ISO 19103
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueStructure
DQM_Measure.valueStructure SHALL be provided
if the result includes more than one value
a
The complete URI begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
b
The complete URL begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

Annex A
(normative)

Abstract test suite
A.1 Overview
A.1.1 Conformance test tools
Various conformance tests for this document require that metadata instance (XML) documents can
be validated without error against the XML schemas defined in this document. While many tools are
available to test validation of XML instance documents against provided XML schemas, it is important
to understand that not all validation tools implement the full W3C XML schema recommendation and
not all validation tools interpret the W3C XML schema recommendation in the same manner. It is
recommended that a tool that implements a strict interpretation of and full support for the W3C XML
schema recommendation be used when validating XML instance documents to test conformance.
The normative XML schema and schematron documents are available in a directory at http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/ with a directory structure described in Annex B. Annex C provides information
about including ISO 19115-2:2009 in this document, and Annex D provides example documents
conforming to the XML schema.
A.1.2 Conformance requirements — Limits of XML schema validation
Because XML schema validation is insufficient to test all of the constraints declared in ISO 19157, some
conformance tests require other validation procedures. For instance, as stated in ISO/TS 19139:2007,
8.4, a property element following the default XML Class Property Type (XCPT) pattern may have exactly
one of 1) inline content (by-value) that is an XML class, or 2) an xlink:href attribute (by-reference value),
or 3) a gco:nilReason attribute (nil value). Because XML schema cannot constrain the co-occurrence of
content or attributes, some mechanism in addition to XML schema validation shall be used to restrict a
property to be exclusively by-value or by-reference or a nil value.
Rules implementing these constraints are included in the appropriate requirements class for the
XML document instances. The ISO/TS 19157-2 package includes a schematron rule set for testing
conformance with these requirements. If a tool for schematron validation is not available, conformance
to these requirements may need to be tested by inspection.
A.2 Metadata for data quality (mdq) namespace
Table A.1 describes the conformance class for namespace mdq.
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Table A.1 — Conformance class: Valid XML instance of metadata for data quality (mdq)
namespace
Conformance class: Valid XML instance of metadata for data quality (mdq) namespace
http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0/conf/data_quality-xml
Requirements http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0/req/data-quality-instance
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115-3/1.0/conf/citation-xml
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/1.0/conf/common-classes-xml
Test /conf/data-quality-xml/schema-valid
Requirement /req/data-quality-instance/validation
Test purpose Verify that instances of XML elements from the namespace http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0 are well-formed and valid.
Test method Use XML validation tools to determine if XML validates using the XML
schema http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0/mdq.xsd. See A.1.1.
Test type Validation
Test /conf/data-quality-xml/schematron-rules
Requirement /req/data-quality-instance/scope
/req/data-quality-instance/report
/req/data-quality-instance/result
/req/data-quality-instance/relatedElement
/req/data-quality-instance/quantitative-value
/req/data-quality-instance/conformance-pass
/req/data-quality-instance/conformance-specification
/req/data-quality-instance/descriptive-statement
Test purpose Verify that XML instance is conformant with additional data-quality that
cannot be tested by XML schema.
Test method Verify that document validates with schematron rule set http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0/mdq.sch.
Test type Validation
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A.3 Data quality measures (dqm) namespace
Table A.2 describes the conformance class for namespace dqm.
Table A.2 — Conformance class: Valid XML instance of metadata for data quality measure (dqm)
namespace
Conformance class: Valid XML instance of data quality measure (dqm) namespace
http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0/conf/quality-measure-xml
Requirements http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0/req/quality-measure-instance
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/1.0/conf/citation-xml
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/1.0/conf/common-classes-xml
Test /conf/data-quality-xml/schema-valid
Requirement /req/quality-measure-instance/validation
Test purpose Verify that instances of XML elements from the namespace http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0 are well-formed and valid.
Test method Use XML validation tools to determine if XML validates using the XML
schema http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0/dqm.xsd.
Test type Validation
Test /conf/data-quality-xml/schematron-rules
Requirement /req/quality-measure-instance/measureIdentifier
/req/quality-measure-instance/name
/req/quality-measure-instance/elementName
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueType
/req/quality-measure-instance/TypeName
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueType-dataType
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueStructure
Test purpose Verify that XML instance is conformant with additional data-quality that
cannot be tested by XML schema.
Test method Verify that document validates with schematron rule set http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0/dqm.sch.
Test type Validation
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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

Annex B
(informative)

XML resources related to data quality
B.1 XML schema documents defined in this document
This document defines the content of three XML namespaces commonly identified using the prefixes
mdq, dqm, and dqc. Each namespace prefix is inserted to http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/xxx/1.0
(where xxx is the namespace abbreviation) to make a complete namespace identifier. In addition to
schema documents, the namespace directories include schematron rules (*.sch) that implement
validation rules that are not tested by the schemas, documents that describe the namespaces (*.html)
and provide links to the normative schema, and sample xml instance documents.
B.2 XML schema documents defined in ISO/TS 19115-3
This document is based on the XML schema implementation provided in ISO/TS 19139:2007 and
implementation approach described in ISO/TS 19115-3. To locate these XML schema documents, please
refer to ISO/TS 19115-3:2016, Annex B.
B.3 XML schema documents defined outside this document
In addition to the namespace listed in B.1, this document makes use of the Geography Markup Language
or http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/gml.xsd namespace. To locate the authoritative XML schema
documents associated with this namespace, refer to ISO 19136.
B.4 Additional resources
To ease the use of this document, several XML files are available for download in the “resources”
directory of http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/resources.
Similar additional resources are provided along with ISO/TS 19139 XML schema documents. Please
refer to ISO/TS 19139:2007, Annex C.
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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

Annex C
(informative)

How ISO 19115-2:2009 is included in this document
C.1 General
ISO 19115-2:2009 includes important extensions to metadata and data quality. The conceptual UML-
model in ISO 19115-2:2009 is defined as an extension to corresponding UML-model in ISO 19115:2005.
To fit the data quality concepts from ISO 19115-2 into ISO 19157:2013 requires a formal revision of
ISO 19115-2:2009. An intermediate-term approach was required in order to support current usage of
ISO 19115-2 quality concepts. To merge these two standards, an “ad-hoc”-revision of selected parts of
ISO 19115-2:2009 was done, and the result is included in the ISO 19157-2-XML-schemas.
C.2 How ISO 19115-2:2009 is included
The selection from ISO 19115-2:2009 and inclusion of the selected parts is shown in Figure C.1. The
ISO 19115-2-class QE_CoverageResult together with its substructure is attached as a subtype of the
existing DQ_Result. Then this new subtype becomes the fourth subtype of DQ_Result, in addition to the
existing DQ_ConformanceResult, DQ_QuantitativeResult and DQ_DescriptiveResult.
The QE_CoverageResult is modified from the original in ISO 19115-2:2009 as shown in Figure C.1, to fit
the ISO/TS 19157-2 XML implementation.
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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

Data quality result::DQ_Result
+  dateTime: DateTime [0.1]
+  resultScope: MD_Scope [0.1]
Data quality result:: Data quality result:: Data quality result::
DQ_QuantitativeResult DQ_ConformanceResult DQ_DescriptiveResult
+  value: Record [1.*] +  pass: Boolean +  statement: CharacterString
+  valueUnit: UnitOfMeasure [0.1] +  speciication: _Citation
+  valueRecordType: RecordType [0.1] +  explanation: CharacterString [0.1]
Data quality information from ISO 19115-2:2009
+resultSpatialRepresentation
Data quality information - Imagery::QE_CoverageResult «Abstract»
Abstract common classes::
1
+  spatialRepresentationType: MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode _SpatialRepresentation
+resultContentDescription 1 +resultFormat 1
«Abstract» «Abstract» «Abstract»
Abstract common classes:: Abstract common classes:: +resultSpatialRepresentation Spatial representation
_ContentInformation _Format information::
MD_SpatialRepresentation
1
+ileF ormat 1
+resultFile 11+resultFormat
Data quality information - Imagery:: Distribution information::MD_Format
QualityResultFile
+  formatSpeciicationCitation: _Citation
+  ileName: FileName
+  amendmentNumber: CharacterString [0.1]
+  ileT ype:  MimeFileType
+  ileDecompr essionTechnique: CharacterString [0.1]
+  ileDescription:  Char acterString
+  medium: MD_Medium [0.*]
Figure C.1 — ISO 19115-2:2009-parts in DQ_Result (UML class diagram)
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ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

Annex D
(informative)

Implementation examples
D.1 General
The following XML documents illustrate some aspects of the XML schema encoding of ISO 19157. The
values provided for the differ
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS ISO/TS 19157-2:2017
01-junij-2017
Geografske informacije - Kakovost podatkov - 2. del: Izvajanje sheme XML
Geographic information -- Data quality -- Part 2: XML schema implementation
Information geographique -- Qualite des donnees -- Partie 2: Implémentation de
schémas XML
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/TS 19157-2:2016
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST-TS ISO/TS 19157-2:2017 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TS ISO/TS 19157-2:2017

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SIST-TS ISO/TS 19157-2:2017
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19157-2
First edition
2016-12-01
Geographic information — Data
quality —
Part 2:
XML schema implementation
Information geographique — Qualite des donnees —
Partie 2: Implémentation de schémas XML
Reference number
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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SIST-TS ISO/TS 19157-2:2017
ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Conformance . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Metadata for data quality . 2
4.3 Data quality measures . 2
5 Abbreviated terms . 2
5.1 Abbreviated terms . 2
5.2 Namespaces . 2
6 XML schema and document requirements . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Core requirements . 3
6.3 XML namespaces and requirements . 4
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite . 8
Annex B (informative) XML resources related to data quality .11
Annex C (informative) How ISO 19115-2:2009 is included in this document .12
Annex D (informative) Implementation examples .14
Bibliography .20
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19157 series can be found on the ISO website.
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Introduction
This document utilizes encoding rules from ISO 19118 and ISO/TS 19139, and the implementation
approach from ISO/TS 19115-3 to define an XML schema implementation of ISO 19157:2013, and the
data quality related concepts from ISO 19115-2. This schema can be used to validate conformance of
XML instance documents with these conceptual models.
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SIST-TS ISO/TS 19157-2:2017
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19157-2:2016(E)
Geographic information — Data quality —
Part 2:
XML schema implementation
1 Scope
This document defines data quality encoding in XML. It is an XML schema implementation derived from
ISO 19157:2013 and the data quality related concepts from ISO 19115-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19103:2015, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19105:2000, Geographic information — Conformance and testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp/ui/
3.1
document
well-formed data object
[SOURCE: W3C XML]
3.2
schema document
XML document containing schema component definitions and declarations
Note 1 to entry: The W3C XML Schema provides an XML interchange format for schema information. A single
schema document provides descriptions of components associated with a single XML namespace, but several
documents may describe components in the same schema, i.e. the same target namespace (3.3).
[SOURCE: ISO 19136:2007, 4.1.55]
3.3
namespace
collection of names, identified by a URI reference, which are used in XML documents (3.1) as element
names and attribute names
[SOURCE: W3C XML]
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3.4
package
general purpose mechanism for organizing elements into groups
EXAMPLE Identification information, metadata entity set information, constraint information.
[SOURCE: ISO 19103:2015, 4.27, modified – Example has been added.]
4 Conformance
4.1 General
The framework, concepts, and methodology for testing, and the criteria to be achieved to claim
conformance, are specified in ISO 19105. See also Annex A.
4.2 Metadata for data quality
XML documents containing XML fragments with elements related to data quality and metaquality
reports described in ISO 19157 or XML fragments related to data quality elements described in
ISO 19115-2 shall pass the test modules defined in A.2.
4.3 Data quality measures
XML documents containing XML fragments with elements related to data quality measures described
in ISO 19157 shall pass the test modules defined in A.3.
5 Abbreviated terms
5.1 Abbreviated terms
UML Unified Modeling Language
URI Unique Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
XML eXtensible Markup Language
XSD XML Schema Definition
5.2 Namespaces
XML namespaces defined in this document have URIs that follow the pattern: http://standards.iso.
org/iso/19157/-2/xxx/N.M, where xxx is the namespace abbreviation, N is the major version number,
and M is the minor version number. The namespace directories include descriptions of the content of
the namespace, and links to the base specification it implements and to the normative XML schema
location.
The following conventions are used to abbreviate the namespaces used to group XML elements.
Definition of namespaces specific to the implementation of ISO 19157 and their rationale are discussed in
6.3. Table 1 includes namespaces that are from schema defined in other specifications and are imported
by this implementation. The short string in the left column of Table 1 is used as a prefix to associate
an XML element with the namespace. The second column contains an English-language description of
the namespace, and the string in the third column is the URI that identifies the namespace. The final
column lists the standard from which this namespace is imported. Table 2 lists abbreviations and other
information for namespaces used for UML packages defined in ISO 19157:2013 and ISO 19115-2:2009.
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Table 1 — External namespace URIs and namespace abbreviation conventions used in this
document
Namespace
Namespace
abbreviation Namespace URI Source
name
convention
gco Geog raphic http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/gco/1.0 ISO/TS 19115-3
Common
gml Geography http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/gml.xsd ISO 19136
Markup
Language
xlink XML linking http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink XML Linking Language (XLink)
language Version 1.1
xs W3C XML http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema W3C XML Schema Definition
Schema  Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1:
definition  Structures
schema
W3C XML Schema Definition
Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 2:
Datatypes
Table 2 — Namespace URIs and namespace abbreviation conventions defined and used in this
document for packages defined in ISO 19157
Namespace
Namespace
abbreviation Scope Namespace URI ISO UML Package
name
convention
mdq Metadata for elements for data http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/- ISO 19157
Data Quality quality and 2/mdq/1.0
<>
metaquality
reports DQ_DataQuality and
ISO 19115-2
<>
QE_CoverageResult
dqm Data Quality elements for data http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/- <>
Measures quality measures 2/dqm/1.0
DQM_Measure
dqc Data Quality abstract classes http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/- Implementation
Common required for modular 2/dqc/1.0 Model
implementation
6 XML schema and document requirements
6.1 General
This XML schema implementation of ISO 19157:2013 and the data quality concepts from
ISO 19115-2:2009 follows the encoding rules stated in ISO 19118, ISO/TS 19139:2007, and the
implementation approach from ISO/TS 19115-3:2016, Clause 8.
6.2 Core requirements
The requirements class described in Table 3 defines requirements that shall be met by any XML instance
document based on this document.
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Table 3 — Core requirements for data quality instance
Requirements class
http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/req/data-quality-core-instance
Target Type XML instance document
Name Core requirements for data quality instance
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/req/data-quality-core-encoding
Requirement /req/data-quality-external-instance/property-type-content
A property element instance SHALL have exactly one of 1) inline content (by-value) that is
a schema-valid XML class instance, or 2) an xlink:href attribute (by-reference value), or 3) a
gco:nilReason attribute (nil value).
Requirement /req/data-quality-external-instance/xml-well-formed
An XML instance document SHALL be well-formed and valid with respect to the schema de-
fined in this document.
6.3 XML namespaces and requirements
Table 4 defines the requirements classes for each namespace module.
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Table 4 — Requirements classes for XML instance documents for each namespace module
a b a a
Requirement class URI Namespace Dependencies Requirements
/req/data-quality-instance /mdq/1.0 /req/data-quality- /req/data-quality-instance/scope
core-instance
Any instance of DQ_DataQuality SHALL have a scope
/req/common property value
-classes-instance
/req/data-quality-instance/report
Any instance of DQ_DataQuality SHALL have a report
property value
/req/data-quality-instance/result
Any concrete instance of DQ_Element SHALL have
a result property value
/req/data-quality-instance/relatedElement
Any concrete instance of DQ_Metaquality SHALL
have a relatedElement property value
/req/data-quality-instance/quantitative-value
Any instance of DQ_QuantitativeResult SHALL have
a value property value
/req/data-quality-instance/conformance-pass
Any instance of DQ_ConformanceResult SHALL have
a pass property value
/req /dat a-qua lit y-ins t a nce/con for ma nce-
specification
Any instance of DQ_ConformanceResult SHALL have
a specification property value
/req/data-quality-instance/descriptive-statement
Any instance of DQ_DescriptiveResult SHALL have
a statement property value
a
The complete URI begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
b
The complete URL begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
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Table 4 (continued)
a b a a
Requirement class URI Namespace Dependencies Requirements
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-spatial-
representation-type
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have a
spatialRepresentationType
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-spatial-
representation-information
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one and
only one resultSpatialRepresentation property value
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-spatial-
representation-information
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one
and only one resultContentDescription property value
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-content-
description
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one
and only one resultContentDescription property value
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-result-format
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one
and only one resultFormat property value
/req/data-quality-instance/coverage-result-format
Any instance of QE_CoverageResult SHALL have one
and only one resultFile property value
/req/quality-measure-instance /dqm/1.0 /req/data-quality- /req/quality-measure-instance/measureIdentifier
core-instance
Any instance of DQM_Measure SHALL have a
/req/common- measureIdentifier property value
classes-instance
/req/citation-instance
/req/quality-measure-instance/name
Any instance of DQM_Measure SHALL have a name
property value
a
The complete URI begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
b
The complete URL begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
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Table 4 (continued)
a b a a
Requirement class URI Namespace Dependencies Requirements
/req/quality-measure-instance/elementName
Any instance of DQM_Measure SHALL have a
elementName property value
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueType
Any instance of DQM_Measure SHALL have a
valueType property value
/req/quality-measure-instance/TypeName
Any instance of DQM_Measure.elementName SHALL
be the TypeName of a data quality element
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueType-dataType
Any instance of DQM_Measure.valueType SHALL be
one of the data types defined in ISO 19103
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueStructure
DQM_Measure.valueStructure SHALL be provided
if the result includes more than one value
a
The complete URI begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
b
The complete URL begins with http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/1.0/.
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Annex A
(normative)

Abstract test suite
A.1 Overview
A.1.1 Conformance test tools
Various conformance tests for this document require that metadata instance (XML) documents can
be validated without error against the XML schemas defined in this document. While many tools are
available to test validation of XML instance documents against provided XML schemas, it is important
to understand that not all validation tools implement the full W3C XML schema recommendation and
not all validation tools interpret the W3C XML schema recommendation in the same manner. It is
recommended that a tool that implements a strict interpretation of and full support for the W3C XML
schema recommendation be used when validating XML instance documents to test conformance.
The normative XML schema and schematron documents are available in a directory at http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/ with a directory structure described in Annex B. Annex C provides information
about including ISO 19115-2:2009 in this document, and Annex D provides example documents
conforming to the XML schema.
A.1.2 Conformance requirements — Limits of XML schema validation
Because XML schema validation is insufficient to test all of the constraints declared in ISO 19157, some
conformance tests require other validation procedures. For instance, as stated in ISO/TS 19139:2007,
8.4, a property element following the default XML Class Property Type (XCPT) pattern may have exactly
one of 1) inline content (by-value) that is an XML class, or 2) an xlink:href attribute (by-reference value),
or 3) a gco:nilReason attribute (nil value). Because XML schema cannot constrain the co-occurrence of
content or attributes, some mechanism in addition to XML schema validation shall be used to restrict a
property to be exclusively by-value or by-reference or a nil value.
Rules implementing these constraints are included in the appropriate requirements class for the
XML document instances. The ISO/TS 19157-2 package includes a schematron rule set for testing
conformance with these requirements. If a tool for schematron validation is not available, conformance
to these requirements may need to be tested by inspection.
A.2 Metadata for data quality (mdq) namespace
Table A.1 describes the conformance class for namespace mdq.
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Table A.1 — Conformance class: Valid XML instance of metadata for data quality (mdq)
namespace
Conformance class: Valid XML instance of metadata for data quality (mdq) namespace
http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0/conf/data_quality-xml
Requirements http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0/req/data-quality-instance
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115-3/1.0/conf/citation-xml
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/1.0/conf/common-classes-xml
Test /conf/data-quality-xml/schema-valid
Requirement /req/data-quality-instance/validation
Test purpose Verify that instances of XML elements from the namespace http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0 are well-formed and valid.
Test method Use XML validation tools to determine if XML validates using the XML
schema http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0/mdq.xsd. See A.1.1.
Test type Validation
Test /conf/data-quality-xml/schematron-rules
Requirement /req/data-quality-instance/scope
/req/data-quality-instance/report
/req/data-quality-instance/result
/req/data-quality-instance/relatedElement
/req/data-quality-instance/quantitative-value
/req/data-quality-instance/conformance-pass
/req/data-quality-instance/conformance-specification
/req/data-quality-instance/descriptive-statement
Test purpose Verify that XML instance is conformant with additional data-quality that
cannot be tested by XML schema.
Test method Verify that document validates with schematron rule set http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0/mdq.sch.
Test type Validation
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A.3 Data quality measures (dqm) namespace
Table A.2 describes the conformance class for namespace dqm.
Table A.2 — Conformance class: Valid XML instance of metadata for data quality measure (dqm)
namespace
Conformance class: Valid XML instance of data quality measure (dqm) namespace
http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0/conf/quality-measure-xml
Requirements http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0/req/quality-measure-instance
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/1.0/conf/citation-xml
Dependency http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/1.0/conf/common-classes-xml
Test /conf/data-quality-xml/schema-valid
Requirement /req/quality-measure-instance/validation
Test purpose Verify that instances of XML elements from the namespace http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0 are well-formed and valid.
Test method Use XML validation tools to determine if XML validates using the XML
schema http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0/dqm.xsd.
Test type Validation
Test /conf/data-quality-xml/schematron-rules
Requirement /req/quality-measure-instance/measureIdentifier
/req/quality-measure-instance/name
/req/quality-measure-instance/elementName
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueType
/req/quality-measure-instance/TypeName
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueType-dataType
/req/quality-measure-instance/valueStructure
Test purpose Verify that XML instance is conformant with additional data-quality that
cannot be tested by XML schema.
Test method Verify that document validates with schematron rule set http://standards.
iso.org/iso/19157/-2/dqm/1.0/dqm.sch.
Test type Validation
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Annex B
(informative)

XML resources related to data quality
B.1 XML schema documents defined in this document
This document defines the content of three XML namespaces commonly identified using the prefixes
mdq, dqm, and dqc. Each namespace prefix is inserted to http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/xxx/1.0
(where xxx is the namespace abbreviation) to make a complete namespace identifier. In addition to
schema documents, the namespace directories include schematron rules (*.sch) that implement
validation rules that are not tested by the schemas, documents that describe the namespaces (*.html)
and provide links to the normative schema, and sample xml instance documents.
B.2 XML schema documents defined in ISO/TS 19115-3
This document is based on the XML schema implementation provided in ISO/TS 19139:2007 and
implementation approach described in ISO/TS 19115-3. To locate these XML schema documents, please
refer to ISO/TS 19115-3:2016, Annex B.
B.3 XML schema documents defined outside this document
In addition to the namespace listed in B.1, this document makes use of the Geography Markup Language
or http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/gml.xsd namespace. To locate the authoritative XML schema
documents associated with this namespace, refer to ISO 19136.
B.4 Additional resources
To ease the use of this document, several XML files are available for download in the “resources”
directory of http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/resources.
Similar additional resources are provided along with ISO/TS 19139 XML schema documents. Please
refer to ISO/TS 19139:2007, Annex C.
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Annex C
(informative)

How ISO 19115-2:2009 is included in this document
C.1 General
ISO 19115-2:2009 includes important extensions to metadata and data quality. The conceptual UML-
model in ISO 19115-2:2009 is defined as an extension to corresponding UML-model in ISO 19115:2005.
To fit the data quality concepts from ISO 19115-2 into ISO 19157:2013 requires a formal revision of
ISO 19115-2:2009. An intermediate-term approach was required in order to support current usage of
ISO 19115-2 quality concepts. To merge these two standards, an “ad-hoc”-revision of selected parts of
ISO 19115-2:2009 was done, and the result is included in the ISO 19157-2-XML-schemas.
C.2 How ISO 19115-2:2009 is included
The selection from ISO 19115-2:2009 and inclusion of the selected parts is shown in Figure C.1. The
ISO 19115-2-class QE_CoverageResult together with its substructure is attached as a subtype of the
existing DQ_Result. Then this new subtype becomes the fourth subtype of DQ_Result, in addition to the
existing DQ_ConformanceResult, DQ_QuantitativeResult and DQ_DescriptiveResult.
The QE_CoverageResult is modified from the original in ISO 19115-2:2009 as shown in Figure C.1, to fit
the ISO/TS 19157-2 XML implementation.
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Data quality result::DQ_Result
+  dateTime: DateTime [0.1]
+  resultScope: MD_Scope [0.1]
Data quality result:: Data quality result:: Data quality result::
DQ_QuantitativeResult DQ_ConformanceResult DQ_DescriptiveResult
+  value: Record [1.*] +  pass: Boolean +  statement: CharacterStrin
...