SIST EN 1278:2011
(Main)Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Ozone
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Ozone
This European Standard is applicable to ozone used for treatment of water intended for human consumption.
It describes the characteristics of ozone and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods
for ozone. It gives information on its use in water treatment.
Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Ozon
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Ozon zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch. Sie
beschreibt die Eigenschaften von Ozon und legt die Anforderungen sowie die entsprechenden Prüfverfahren
für Ozon fest. Sie enthält Angaben zu dessen Anwendung in der Wasseraufbereitung.
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine - Ozone
La présente Norme européenne s’applique à l’ozone utilisé pour le traitement de l’eau destinée à la
consommation humaine. Elle décrit les caractéristiques de l’ozone et spécifie les exigences et les méthodes
d’essai correspondantes. Elle donne des informations sur son emploi dans le traitement de l’eau.
Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo pitne vode - Ozon
Ta evropski standard velja za ozon, ki se uporablja za pripravo pitne vode.
Opisuje značilnosti ozona ter opredeljuje zahteve in ustrezne metode preskušanja ozona. Podaja podatke o njegovi uporabi pri pripravi vode.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kemikalije, ki se uporabljajo za pripravo pitne vode - OzonProdukte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - OzonProduits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine - OzoneChemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Ozone71.100.80Chemicals for purification of water13.060.20Pitna vodaDrinking waterICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1278:2010SIST EN 1278:2011en,fr,de01-november-2011SIST EN 1278:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1278:20001DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1278:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1278
April 2010 ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 1278:1998English Version
Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Ozone
Produits chimiques utilisés pour le traitement de l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine - Ozone
Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Ozon This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 February 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1278:2010: ESIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Description .5 3.1 Identification .5 3.2 Commercial form .5 3.3 Physical properties .6 3.4 Chemical properties .8 4 Purity criteria .8 4.1 General .8 4.2 Composition of commercial product .8 4.3 Impurities and main by-products .8 4.4 Chemical parameters .9 5 Test methods .9 5.1 Sampling .9 5.2 Analyses .9 6 Labelling - Transportation – Storage . 11 6.1 Means of delivery . 11 6.2 Risk and safety labelling according to the EU Directives
............................................................. 12 6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling ......................................................................................... 12 6.4 Marking ................................................................................................................................................ 12 6.5 Stability ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Annex A (informative)
General information on ozone . 13 A.1 Origin . 13 A.2 Use . 14 A.3 Operational control methods . 15 Annex B (normative)
General rules relating to safety . 19 B.1 Rules for safe handling and use . 19 B.2 Emergency procedures . 19 Bibliography . 20
SIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1278:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water Supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1278:1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Differences between this edition and EN 1278:1998 are editorial to harmonize the text with other standards in this series. SIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 4 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this Standard: 1) this Standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; 2) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with the standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. SIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to ozone used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of ozone and specifies a test method for determining the ozone concentration in other gases. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test method (ISO 3696:1987) 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 chemical name ozone 3.1.2 synonym or common name none (has sometimes been called improperly "allotropic oxygen") 3.1.3 relative molecular mass 48 3.1.4 empirical formula O3 3.1.5 chemical formula O3 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number 1) 10028-15-6 3.1.7 EINECS reference 2)
Not applicable 3.2 Commercial form Ozone is generated on or near the site of use.
1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances SIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 6 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance Bluish gas, the liquid is dark blue. NOTE
A weak absorption in the visual range between 435 nm and 475 nm. 3.3.2 Density Gas : 2,144 kg/m3 at NTP (Normal Temperature Pressure, 273 K and 101,3 kPa); Liquid : 1,574 g/cm3 at - 183 °C; Solid : 1,728 g/cm3. 3.3.3 The gas-liquid partition coefficient In pure water, the partition coefficient values (S) expressed in grams per cubic meter water per (grams per cubic meter) gas at 101,3 kPa are given in table 1. Table 1 — The gas-liquid partition coefficient between water and gas phase Temperature
of water
°C Solubility
S, in gmHOgmgas//323
0 0,64 5 0,5 10 0,39 15 0,31 20 0,24 25 0,19 30 0,15 35 0,12 NOTE 1
Recent surveys of literature data are given in Bibliography. See [2], [3 ]and [4]. NOTE 2
S is a ratio, not an absolute concentration. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure The vapour pressure of ozone depending on temperature is given in Table 2. SIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 7 Table 2 — Vapour pressure Temperature Vapour pressure °C kPa - 183 0,0147 - 180 0,028 - 170 0,188 - 160 0,897 - 150 3,306 - 140 9,892 - 130 25,331 - 120 56,928 - 110 115,322 - 100 2 139,079 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa 3)
- 112 °C. NOTE : Vaporization heat : 681 kJ/m3at NTP. 3.3.6 Melting point - 196 °C. 3.3.7 Specific heat (liquid) Not applicable. 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) 0,004 2 Pa.s at – 195 °C; 0,0015 5 Pa.s at – 183 °C. 3.3.9 Critical temperature - 12,1 °C. 3.3.10 Critical pressure 5 460 kPa. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable.
3) 100 kPa = 1 bar SIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 8 3.4 Chemical properties Ozone is a powerful oxidant. The standard redox potentials (25 °C) are: (EoH-values in volts): O3 + 2H+ + 2e- →
O2 + H2O
EoH = 2,07 V (1) O3 + H2O + 2e- →
O2 + 2OH- EoH = 1,24 V (2) OH° + H+ + e- →
H2O EoH = 2,42 V(calculated value) (3) If the pH increases by one unit, the EH -values shall decrease by 30 mV per electron transferred. At 100 kPa and 25 °C and pH = 7 the EH -values, versus the normal hydrogen electrode, become: O3 (1) = 1,66 V; O3 (2) = 0,82 V; OH° (3) = 2,21V. In water treatment most of the direct reactions of ozone are dipolar cyclo-additions and electrophilic substitution reactions. Moreover ozone, in water, can generate radicals such as OH° : (O3 + H2O → 2 OH° + O2). The OH° radical is a strong general oxidant. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for Ozone used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in this product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemicals parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 4.2 Composition of commercial product Ozone is obtainable in air, oxygen or air enriched in oxygen.
Typical concentrations obtainable in air are in the range of 15 g/m3 to 45 g/m3 (NTP) and, in oxygen 40 g/m3 to 200 g/m3(NTP). The concentration (in grams per cubic metre NTP) at the nominal operating condition of the generators shall be specified in the tendering documents. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products See A.3.2. SIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 9 4.4 Chemical parameters NOTE For the purpose of this standard "chemical parameters" are those defined in the 98/83/EC: Council Directive of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. (see [1]). None of the chemical parameters according to the directive 98/83/EC are found in the gaseous ozone phase. Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not by-products of the ozone manufacturing processes. 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling Ozone generation is usually based on a continuous process gas flow mode positive pressure. Sampling of a volume is to be controlled with a totalizing volumetric flow metre, the volumes being expressed at Normal Temperature and Pressure (NTP). In continuous monitoring methods the gas exit shall be open to ambient air or the gas pressure shall be controlled and the results corrected for effects of pressure. Sampling lines shall be in stainless steel (see table A.1) or in polyfluorocarbone material resistant to ozone. The transfer of the gas from the sampling point to the analyzer shall be kept shorter than 1 min. Expression of concentrations : concentration of ozone in a gas in g/m3 (NTP), or kg/m3 (NTP), and for traces in cm3/m3 (equivalent to ppm as volume fraction). NOTE 1 1 g/m3 (NTP) equals 6104,466−× (volume fraction) and 0,069 9 % (mass fraction) in oxygen or 0,077 3 % (mass fraction) in air. NOTE 2 At conventional concentrations of about 20 g/m3 (NTP), the effect of difference in gas densities between ozone and oxygen-nitrogen is negligible. This is not the case when higher ozone concentrations are generated i.e. in oxygen. 5.2 Analyses 5.2.1 General The present method concerns the determination of ozone in air, oxygen or other process gases. The method is directly applicable for ozone concentrations in the range of 1 g/m3 to 200 g/m3 (NTP). 5.2.2 Principle Direct iodometric titration. 5.2.3 Reagents All reagents shall be of a recognized analytical grade and the water used shall conform to grade 2 in accordance with EN ISO 3696. 5.2.3.1 Potassium iodide (KI) buffered solution. Potassium iodide (KI) solution at 20 g/l with sodium hydrogen phoshate (Na2HPO4.2 H2O) solution at 7,3 g/l and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) solution at 3,5 g/l. 5.2.3.2 Sodium thiosulfate : standard volumetric, solution c(Na2S2O3) = 0,1 mol/l. SIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 10 5.2.3.3 Sulfuric acid, solution at 9 mol/l. 5.2.3.4 Potassium iodate (KIO3) powdered. 5.2.3.5 Potassium iodide (KI) crystalline. 5.2.3.6
Hydrochloric acid standard volumetric solution c(HCl) = 0,1 mol/l or sulfuric acid c(H2SO4) = 0,05 mol/l. 5.2.3.7 Zinc iodide (ZnI2)-starch indicator. Disperse 4 g starch into a small quantity of water. Add the dispersion to a solution of 20 g zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in 100 ml water. The solution is boiled until the volume has been reduced to 100 ml and finally diluted to 1 l while adding 2 g of ZnI2. 5.2.3.8 Standardization of sodium thiosulfate: 5.2.3.8.1
Reactions 5 KI + 5 H+ → 5 HI + 5 K+
(4) KIO3 + H+
→ HIO3 + K+
(5) HIO3 + 5 HI
→ 3 I2 + 3 H2O
(6) 3 I2 + 6 S2 O32-
→ 6 I- + 3 S4O62-
(7) 5.2.3.8.2
Determination Add 0,05 g of potassium iodate (5.2.3.4), 0,5 g of potassium iodide (5.2.3.5) into 50 ml water and a further 50 ml water in a conical flask. After mixing, add 10 ml standard volumetric solution acid (5.2.3.6). Titrate the liberated iodine immediately with the sodium thiosulfate solution (5.2.3.2). 5.2.3.8.3
Calculation The concentration, ct, expressed in moles per litre, of the sodium thiosulfate solution is given by: ccVVtat=× (8) where: ca is the concentration ,in moles per litre, of the acid (5.2.3.6); V is the volume, in millilitres, of the acid (5.2.3.6); Vt is the volume, in millilitres, of the sodium thiosulfate solution used. 5.2.4 Apparatus
Ordinary laboratory apparatus. 5.2.5 Procedure 5.2.5.1 Add the solution of potassium iodide (200 ml) to a standard gas washing vessel to give a depth of liquid of 10 cm to 15 cm. The use of fritted gas bubblers is not recommended. SIST EN 1278:2011
EN 1278:2010 (E) 11 5.2.5.2 Connect a second identical flask in series as a guard to check the ozone transfer and reaction. 5.2.5.3 For ozone produced with air, bubble the process gas containing ozone at a flow rate of about 1 l/min until a total expected quantity of approximately 1 mmol ozone (0,048 g) has passed. For process gases containing higher ozone concentration (100 g/m3 to 200 g/m3 (NTP), set the gas flow at the level to pass about 1 mmol of ozone. 5.2.5.4 Titrate the iodine formed in the flasks with the standard volumetric sodium thiosulfate solution (5.2.3.2) immediately after acidification with not less than 5 ml of the acidifying solution (5.2.3.3). After titration to a pale yellow colour, add 0,5 ml of starch indicator (5.2.3.7) and complete the titration and record the result. 5.2.6 Expression of results The concentration of ozone, C, expressed in grams per cub
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