SIST EN ISO 22088-4:2006

Plastics - Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) - Part 4: Ball or pin impression method (ISO 22088-4:2006)

This part of ISO 22088 specifies a ball or pin impression method for the determination of the environmental stress cracking (ESC) behaviour of plastics by means of a constant-strain test . The method is applicable to finished products and to test specimens prepared by moulding and/or machining, and can be used for the assessment of the ESC behaviour of a plastic product or material exposed to different environments, as well as for the determination of the ESC behaviour of different plastics materials exposed to a specific environment. NOTE Alternative methods for the determination of environmental stress cracking by means of a constant-strain test are specified in ISO 22088- 3 and ISO 22088-5. A method for the determination of environmental stress cracking by means of a constant-stress test is specified in ISO 22088-2. The ball and pin impression methods are both quick and sensitive procedures for assessing the ESC behaviour of plastics. The methods are well suited for amorphous plastics. They are less appropriate for materials displaying a pronounced tendency for creep and/or stress relaxation, i.e. for semi-crystalline materials. If semi-crystalline materials are tested, pins are more appropriate than balls. The ball impression method is useful for assessing the principal ESC behaviour of the material/chemical combination under consideration. It is less influenced by the near-surface orientation state of the specimens than the pin impression method and the methods in the other parts of this International Standard, where the chemical attacks only the original surface of the material. This, depending on the manner of specimen preparation, may show a considerable degree of orientation. The pin impression method is useful for testing specimens of small thickness and finished parts.

Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Beständigkeit gegen umgebungsbedingte Spannungsrissbildung (ESC) - Teil 4: Kugel- oder Stifteindrückverfahren (ISO 22088-4:2006)

1.1   Dieser Teil von ISO 22088 legt ein Kugel- und ein Stifteindrückverfahren zur Bestimmung der umgebungsbedingten Spannungsrissbildung (ESC) von Kunststoffen fest, bei denen diese bei konstanter Dehnung geprüft werden.
1.2   Die Norm ist auf Endprodukte und Probekörper anwendbar, die durch Formpressen und/oder durch mechanische Bearbeitung hergestellt wurden, und sie kann für die Bewertung der ESC eines Kunststoffprodukts oder -materials angewendet werden, das unterschiedlichen Medien ausgesetzt ist, ebenso für die Bestimmung der ESC von unterschiedlichen Kunststoffmaterialien, die einer bestimmten Umgebung ausgesetzt sind.
ANMERKUNG   Ein alternatives Verfahren für die Bestimmung der umgebungsbedingten Spannungsrissbildung durch eine Prüfung mit konstanter Dehnung ist in ISO 22088-3 und ISO 22088-5 festgelegt. Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der umgebungsbedingten Spannungsrissbildung durch eine Prüfung bei konstanter Spannung ist in ISO 22088-2 festgelegt.
1.3   Beide, das Kugel- und Stifteindrückverfahren, sind schnelle und empfindliche Verfahren für die Bewertung des ESC-Verhaltens von Kunststoffen. Die Verfahren eignen sich gut für amorphe Kunststoffe. Sie eignen sich weniger für Materialien, die eine auffallende Tendenz zur Kriech- und/oder Spannungsrelaxation zeigen, d. h. für semikristalline Materialien. Wenn semikristalline Materialien geprüft werden, sind Stifte besser geeignet als Kugeln.
1.4   Das Kugeleindrückverfahren eignet sich gut für die Bewertung des grundsätzlichen ESC-Verhaltens der hier betrachteten Kombination von Kunststoffmaterialien/Chemikalien. Es wird durch den oberflächennahen Orientierungszustand der Probekörper geringer beeinflusst als das Stifteindrückverfahren und die Verfahren in den anderen Teilen dieser Internationalen Norm, bei denen die Chemikalie nur die ursprüngliche Oberfläche des Materials angreift. Diese kann, in Abhängigkeit von der Art der Probekörperherstellung, einen beträchtlichen Grad an Orientierung aufweisen.

Plastiques - Détermination de la fissuration sous contrainte dans un environnement donné (ESC) - Partie 4: Méthode par enfoncement de billes ou de goupilles (ISO 22088-4:2006)

L'ISO 22088-4:2006 spécifie une méthode par enfoncement de bille ou de goupille pour la détermination du comportement de plastiques à la fissuration sous contrainte dans un environnement donné (ESC) à l'aide d'un essai à déformation constante.
La méthode est applicable aux produits finis et aux éprouvettes d'essai préparées par moulage et/ou usinage, et peut être utilisée pour l'évaluation de l'ESC d'un produit ou d'une matière plastique exposés à différents environnements, ainsi que pour la détermination de l'ESC de différentes matières plastiques exposées à un environnement spécifique.
Des méthodes alternatives pour la détermination de la fissuration sous contrainte dans un environnement donné à l'aide d'un essai sous contrainte de traction constante sont spécifiées dans l'ISO 22088-3 et l'ISO 22088-5. Une méthode pour la détermination de la fissuration sous contrainte dans un environnement donné à l'aide d'un essai de déformation constante est spécifiée dans l'ISO 22088-2.

Polimerni materiali - Določanje odpornosti proti napetostni koroziji (ESC) - 4. del: Metoda z vtiskanjem kroglice ali igle (ISO 22088-4:2006)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2006
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: IPMA - Polimer materials and products
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Due Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Completion Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Ref Project: EN ISO 22088-4:2006 - Plastics - Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) - Part 4: Ball or pin impression method (ISO 22088-4:2006)

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN ISO 4600:2000 - Plastics - Determination of environmental stress cracking (ESC) - Ball or pin impression method (ISO 4600:1992)
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 22088-4:2006
01-december-2006
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL'RORþDQMHRGSRUQRVWLSURWLQDSHWRVWQLNRUR]LML(6&GHO
0HWRGD]YWLVNDQMHPNURJOLFHDOLLJOH,62
Plastics - Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) - Part 4:
Ball or pin impression method (ISO 22088-4:2006)
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Beständigkeit gegen umgebungsbedingte
Spannungsrissbildung (ESC) - Teil 4: Kugel- oder Stifteindrückverfahren (ISO 22088-
4:2006)
Plastiques - Détermination de la fissuration sous contrainte dans un environnement
donné (ESC) - Partie 4: Méthode par enfoncement de billes ou de goupilles (ISO 22088-
4:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22088-4:2006
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
SIST EN ISO 22088-4:2006 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 22088-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2006
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 4600:1997
English Version
Plastics - Determination of resistance to environmental stress
cracking (ESC) - Part 4: Ball or pin impression method (ISO
22088-4:2006)
Plastiques - Détermination de la fissuration sous contrainte Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Beständigkeit gegen
dans un environnement donné (ESC) - Partie 4: Méthode umgebungsbedingte Spannungsrissbildung (ESC) - Teil 4:
par enfoncement de billes ou de goupilles (ISO 22088- Kugel- oder Stifteindrückverfahren (ISO 22088-4:2006)
4:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 July 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22088-4:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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EN ISO 22088-4:2006 (E)





Foreword


This document (EN ISO 22088-4:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61
"Plastics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of
which is held by IBN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2007.

This document supersedes EN ISO 4600:1997.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.


Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 22088-4:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22088-4:2006 without any
modifications.

2

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22088-4
First edition
2006-08-15


Plastics — Determination of resistance to
environmental stress cracking (ESC) —
Part 4:
Ball or pin impression method
Plastiques — Détermination de la fissuration sous contrainte dans un
environnement donné (ESC) —
Partie 4: Méthode par enfoncement de billes ou de goupilles





Reference number
ISO 22088-4:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006

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ISO 22088-4:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

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ISO 22088-4:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 4
5 Apparatus . 4
6 Test specimens . 6
6.1 Shape . 6
6.2 State . 6
6.3 Number of test specimens. 7
7 Conditioning and test conditions. 7
7.1 Conditioning. 7
7.2 Test temperature. 7
7.3 Chemical medium . 7
8 Procedure . 8
8.1 Cleanness . 8
8.2 Drilling the test specimens . 8
8.3 Insertion of balls or pins . 8
8.4 Immersion in the chemical medium. 9
8.5 Exposure in air . 10
8.6 Determination of stress cracking. 10
9 Expression of results . 10
9.1 Type A test specimen. 10
9.2 Type B test specimen — Graphical evaluation. 10
10 Precision. 10
11 Test report . 11
Bibliography . 13

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO 22088-4:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22088-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing,
chemical and environmental resistance.
It cancels and replaces ISO 4600:1992, which has been technically revised.
ISO 22088 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Determination of resistance to
environmental stress cracking (ESC):
⎯ Part 1: General guidance
⎯ Part 2: Constant tensile load method (replacement of ISO 6252:1992)
⎯ Part 3: Bent strip method (replacement of ISO 4599:1986)
⎯ Part 4: Ball or pin impression method (replacement of ISO 4600:1992)
⎯ Part 5: Constant tensile deformation method (new test method)
⎯ Part 6: Slow strain rate method (new test method)

iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22088-4:2006(E)

Plastics — Determination of resistance to environmental stress
cracking (ESC) —
Part 4:
Ball or pin impression method
1 Scope
1.1 This part of ISO 22088 specifies a ball or pin impression method for the determination of the
environmental stress cracking (ESC) behaviour of plastics by means of a constant-strain test.
1.2 The method is applicable to finished products and to test specimens prepared by moulding and/or
machining, and can be used for the assessment of the ESC behaviour of a plastic product or material exposed
to different environments, as well as for the determination of the ESC behaviour of different plastics materials
exposed to a specific environment.
NOTE Alternative methods for the determination of environmental stress cracking by means of a constant-strain test
are specified in ISO 22088-3 and ISO 22088-5. A method for the determination of environmental stress cracking by means
of a constant-stress test is specified in ISO 22088-2.
1.3 The ball and pin impression methods are both quick and sensitive procedures for assessing the ESC
behaviour of plastics. The methods are well suited for amorphous plastics. They are less appropriate for
materials displaying a pronounced tendency for creep and/or stress relaxation, i.e. for semi-crystalline
materials. If semi-crystalline materials are tested, pins are more appropriate than balls.
1.4 The ball impression method is useful for assessing the principal ESC behaviour of the material/chemical
combination under consideration. It is less influenced by the near-surface orientation state of the specimens
than the pin impression method and the methods in the other parts of this International Standard, where the
chemical attacks only the original surface of the material. This, depending on the manner of specimen
preparation, may show a considerable degree of orientation.
1.5 The pin impression method is useful for testing specimens of small thickness and finished parts.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1

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ISO 22088-4:2006(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 178, Plastics — Determination of flexural properties
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 293, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 294-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General
principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens
ISO 527-1, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles
ISO 527-2, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics
ISO 2557-1, Plastics — Amorphous thermoplastics — Preparation of test specimens with a specified
maximum reversion — Part 1: Bars
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 3167, Plastics — Multipurpose test specimens
ISO 3290, Rolling bearings — Balls — Dimensions and tolerances
ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms, definitions
and surface texture parameters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
oversize
d
d
difference between the diameter of an impressed ball or pin (d ) and the diameter of the drilled and reamed
b
hole (d ) in the test specimen:
h
d = d − d (1)
d b h
3.2
deformation step
determination made at a defined oversize
3.3
deformation step zero
determination made using test specimens that are drilled and reamed only, i.e. without impressing a ball or pin
3.4
deformation series
number of successive deformation steps beginning with deformation step zero
NOTE Normally, a deformation series consists of seven deformation steps of increasing severity.
2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

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ISO 22088-4:2006(E)
3.5
failure limit
oversize in a deformation series that produces failure, as specified in terms of the following failure criteria:
a) for type A test specimens (test specimens taken from products), as visible cracks, observable by means
of a lens of magnification ×5;
b) for type B test specimens (moulded or machined test specimens), by the following criteria (see 9.2 and
Figure 4):
1) a 5 % reduction in the maximum tensile force measured at deformation step zero (criterion B1 in
Figure 1),
2) a 5 % reduction in the maximum flexural force measured at deformation step zero (criterion B2 in
Figure 1),
3) a 20 % reduction in the tensile elongation at rupture measured at deformation step zero (criterion B3
in Figure 1).
NOTE 1 If there is no rupture immediately after application of the maximum tensile force, the tensile elongation at 50 %
of the preceding maximum tensile force (see Figure 1) may be measured. Failure is then defined by a 20 % reduction in
the value at deformation step zero (criterion B4).
NOTE 2 It is sufficient to measure the elongation at break between the grips.
NOTE 3 If the value of the tensile stress is required, refer the force to the smallest cross-sectional area of the specimen
at the location of the hole. Calculate the tensile stress in accordance with Equation (2):
F
σ= (2)
hw⋅−d
()
h
where
−2
σ is the tensile stress, in MPa or N⋅mm ;
F is the tensile force, in N;
h is the thickness of the specimen, in mm;
d is the diameter of the hole, after reaming, in mm;
h
w is the width of the specimen, in mm.

Key
X elongation B1 5 % reduction in the maximum tensile force
Y stress B2 5 % reduction in the maximum flexural force
1 maximum B3 20 % reduction in the tensile elongation at rupture
2 0,5 × preceding max. tensile force B4 tensile elongation at 50 % of the preceding maximum tensile force
Figure 1 — Failure criteria for type B test specimens
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 3

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ISO 22088-4:2006(E)
3.6
relative stress-cracking factor
ratio of the failure limit in the test environment to that in a reference environment, for example air, measured at
the same test temperature after the same test time
4 Principle
A constant strain, produced by impressed balls or pins in a test specimen in a test environment, often
generates micro-cracks that may, in time, develop into visible cracks. To shorten the time for the test, failure
may be accelerated by subsequent mechanical testing. If products cannot be assessed by mechanical tests,
visual examination for cracks around the balls or pins may be undertaken.
A hole of specified diameter is drilled in a test specimen, an oversize ball or pin is inserted into the hole and
the specimen is brought into contact with a chemical medium. This procedure is repeated using balls or pins
of progressively greater diameter. After a specified time, the effect of the interaction is determined by visual
examinat
...