SIST ISO 19119:2005
(Main)Geographic information -- Services
Geographic information -- Services
ISO 19119:2005 identifies and defines the architecture patterns for service interfaces used for geographic information, defines its relationship to the Open Systems Environment model, presents a geographic services taxonomy and a list of example geographic services placed in the services taxonomy. It also prescribes how to create a platform-neutral service specification, how to derive conformant platform-specific service specifications, and provides guidelines for the selection and specification of geographic services from both platform-neutral and platform-specific perspectives.
Information géographique -- Services
L'ISO 19119:2005 identifie et d�finit des sch�mas architecturaux relatifs aux interfaces de service utilis�es pour les informations g�ographiques et des relations avec le mod�le OSE (Environnement de syst�mes ouverts), pr�sente une taxonomie des services g�ographiques et une liste d'exemples de services g�ographiques plac�s dans la taxonomie des services. Elle prescrit �galement comment cr�er une sp�cification de service applicable � toutes les plates‑formes et comment d�river les sp�cifications de service propres � une plate-forme, et fournit des lignes directrices pour la s�lection et la sp�cification des services g�ographiques suivant des perspectives aussi bien propres � la plate-forme qu'applicables � toutes les plates-formes.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19119
First edition
2005-02-15
Geographic information — Services
Information géographique — Services
Reference number
ISO 19119:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 19119:2005(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 19119:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance. 1
3 Normative references. 1
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Abbreviated terms. 3
6 Overview of geographic services architecture .4
6.1 Purpose and justification . 4
6.2 Interoperability reference model based on ISO RM-ODP . 5
6.3 Service abstraction. 6
6.4 Interoperability. 7
6.5 Use of other geographic information standards in service specifications. 8
6.6 Architecture patterns. 8
7 Computational viewpoint: a basis for service chaining. 9
7.1 Component and service interoperability and the computational viewpoint. 9
7.2 Services, interfaces and operations . 9
7.3 Service chaining. 11
7.4 Service metadata. 19
7.5 Service instance of unknown type . 21
7.6 Simple service architecture. 22
8 Information viewpoint: a basis for semantic interoperability. 23
8.1 Information model interoperability and the information viewpoint . 23
8.2 Extended open systems environment for geographic services . 23
8.3 Geographic services taxonomy. 24
8.4 ISO 19100 series of International Standards in geographic service taxonomy . 31
8.5 Geographic service chaining validity . 32
8.6 Services organizer folder (SOF) . 33
9 Engineering viewpoint — A basis for distribution . 34
9.1 Distribution transparencies and the engineering viewpoint . 34
9.2 Distributing components using a multi-tier architecture model. 35
10 Technology viewpoint — A basis for cross platform interoperability. 39
10.1 Infrastructure interoperability and the technology viewpoint. 39
10.2 Need for multiple platform-specific specifications .40
10.3 Conformance between platform-neutral and platform-specific service specifications . 40
10.4 From platform-neutral to platform-specific specifications. 41
Annex A (normative) Conformance . 42
Annex B (informative) Example user scenarios . 46
Annex C (normative) Data dictionary for geographic service metadata . 49
Annex D (informative) Mapping to distributed computing platforms. 54
Bibliography . 66
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19119 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
Introduction
The widespread application of computers and use of geographic information systems (GIS) have led to the
increased analysis of geographic data within multiple disciplines. Based on advances in information
technology, society’s reliance on such data is growing. Geographic datasets are increasingly being shared,
exchanged, and used for purposes other than their producers’ intended ones. GIS, remote sensing,
automated mapping and facilities management (AM/FM), traffic analysis, geopositioning systems, and other
technologies for Geographic Information (GI) are entering a period of radical integration.
This International Standard provides a framework for developers to create software that enables users to
access and process geographic data from a variety of sources across a generic computing interface within an
open information technology environment.
“a framework for developers” means that this International Standard is based on a comprehensive,
common (i.e. formed by consensus for general use) plan for interoperable geoprocessing;
“access and process” means that geodata users can query remote databases and control remote
processing resources, and also take advantage of other distributed computing technologies, such as
software delivered to the user's local environment from a remote environment for temporary use;
“from a variety of sources” means that users will have access to data acquired in a variety of ways and
stored in a wide variety of relational and non-relational databases;
“across a generic computing interface” means that ISO 19119 interfaces provide reliable communication
between otherwise disparate software resources that are equipped to use these interfaces;
“within an open information technology environment” means that this International Standard enables
geoprocessing to take place outside of the closed environment of monolithic GIS, remote sensing, and
AM/FM systems that control and restrict database, user interface, network and data manipulation
functions.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19119:2005(E)
Geographic information — Services
1 Scope
The scope of this International Standard is as follows:
Identification and definition of the architecture patterns for service interfaces used for geographic information
and definition of the relationships to the Open Systems Environment model.
This International Standard presents a geographic services taxonomy and a list of example geographic
services placed in the services taxonomy.
This International Standard prescribes how to create a platform-neutral service specification, and how to
derive platform-specific service specifications that are conformant with this.
This International Standard provides guidelines for the selection and specification of geographic services from
both platform-neutral and platform-specific perspectives.
2 Conformance
Any product claiming conformance with this International Standard shall pass all the requirements described
in the abstract test suite given in Annex A.
NOTE The definition of an abstract test suite appears in ISO 19105.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference model:
Overview — Part 1
ISO/IEC 10746-2:1996, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference model:
Foundations
ISO/IEC TR 14252:1996, Information technology — Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE)
1)
ISO/TS 19103: — , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
1) To be published.
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
service
distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces (4.2)
[adapted from ISO/IEC TR 14252]
NOTE See 7.2 for a discussion of service.
4.2
interface
named set of operations (4.3) that characterize the behaviour of an entity
NOTE See 7.2 for a discussion of interface.
4.3
operation
specification of a transformation or query that an object may be called to execute
NOTE 1 An operation has a name and a list of parameters.
NOTE 2 See 7.2 for a discussion of operation.
4.4
interoperability
capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that
requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units
[ISO/IEC 2382-1]
4.5
service chain
sequence of services (4.1) where, for each adjacent pair of services, occurrence of the first action is
necessary for the occurrence of the second action
4.6
workflow
automation of a business process, in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are passed
from one participant to another for action, according to a set of procedural rules
4.7
viewpoint
〈on a system〉 form of abstraction achieved using a selected set of architectural concepts and structuring
rules, in order to focus on particular concerns within a system
[ISO/IEC 10746-2]
4.8
enterprise viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the purpose, scope and policies for
that system
4.9
information viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the semantics of information and
information processing
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
4.10
computational viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on a system and its environment that enables distribution through functional decomposition of
the system into objects which interact at interfaces (4.2)
4.11
engineering viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the mechanisms and functions
required to support distributed interaction between objects in the system
4.12
technology viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the choice of technology in that
system
4.13
distribution transparency
property of hiding from a particular user the potential behaviour of some parts of a distributed system
[ISO/IEC 10746-2]
NOTE Distribution transparencies enable complexities associated with system distribution to be hidden from
applications where they are irrelevant to their purpose.
5 Abbreviated terms
ADO ActiveX Data Objects
API Application Programming Interface
CCM Client Configuration Manager
COM Component Object Model
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CICS Customer Information Control System
DAG Directed Acyclic Graph
DCOM Distributed Component Object Model
DCP Distributed Computing Platform
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DNA Distributed interNet Applications
EDOC Enterprise Distributed Object Computing
DTD Document type definitions
EJB Enterprise Java Beans
EOSE Extended Open Systems Environment Model
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
GIOP General Inter-ORB Protocol
GUI Graphic User Interface
HIS Information Technology Human Interaction Service
HTI Human Technology Interface
HTML Hypertext Markup language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IDL Interface Definition Language
IIOP Internet Inter-ORB Protocol
IIS Internet Information Server
IT Information Technology
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition with EJB
JDBC Java Data Base Connectivity
JSP Java Server Pages
JINI Sun's open architecture that enables developers to create network-centric services
JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface
JTA Java Connector Architecture
JTS Java Transaction Service
MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface
MS MTS Microsoft Transaction Server
MSMQ Microsoft Message Queuing
MTS Microsoft Transaction Server
OCL Object Constraint Language
ODBC Open Database Connectivity
ODMG Object Database Management Group
ODP Open Distributed Processing (see RM-ODP)
OGC Open GIS Consortium
OMG Object Management Group
OODB Object-oriented database
ORB Object Request Broker
OSE Open Systems Environment
RMI Remote Method Invocation
RM-ODP Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (ISO/IEC 10746)
RPC Remote Procedure Call
SDAI Standard Data Access Interface (ISO 10303-22)
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
SOF Service Organizer Folder
SQL Structured Query Language
UML Unified Modelling Language
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
XML Extensible Markup Language
XML RDF XML Resource Description Framework
XSLT XML Stylesheet Language Transformations
6 Overview of geographic services architecture
6.1 Purpose and justification
The definition of service includes a variety of applications with different levels of functionality to access and
use geographic information. While specialized services will appropriately remain an area for proprietary
products, standardization of the interfaces to those services allows interoperability between proprietary
products. Geographic information system and software developers will use these standards to provide general
and specialized services that can be used for all geographic information. The approach of this International
Standard is integrated with the approaches being developed within the more general world of information
technology.
The geographic services architecture specified in this International Standard has been developed to meet the
following purposes:
provide an abstract framework to allow coordinated development of specific services;�
enable interoperable data services through interface standardization;�
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
support development of a service catalogue through the definition of service metadata;�
allow separation of data instances and service instances;�
enable use of one provider's service on another provider's data;�
define an abstract framework which can be implemented in multiple ways.�
This International Standard extends the architectural reference model defined in ISO 19101, in which an
Extended Open Systems Environment (EOSE) model for geographic services is defined.
6.2 Interoperability reference model based on ISO RM-ODP
This International Standard is developed based on a system architecture approach to system design known
as the Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing; see ISO/IEC 10746. Architecture is defined as a set
of components, connections and topologies defined through a series of views. The geographic infrastructure
enabled by this International Standard will have multiple users, developers, operators and reviewers. Each
group will view the system from their own perspective. The purpose of architecture is to provide a description
of the system from multiple viewpoints. Furthermore, architecture helps to ensure that each view will be
consistent with the requirements and with the other views.
Table 1 shows how the RM-ODP viewpoints are utilized in this International Standard.
Table 1 — Use of RM-ODP viewpoints in this International Standard
Viewpoint Definition of RM-ODP Viewpoint How viewpoint is addressed in this
Name (ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998) International Standard
enterprise a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment This is available in other parts of the
viewpoint that focuses on the purpose, scope and policies for that ISO 19100 series of standards, e.g.,
system reference model (ISO 19101).
computational a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 7, computational viewpoint.
viewpoint that enables distribution through functional
decomposition of the system into objects which interact
at interfaces
information a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 8, information viewpoint.
viewpoint that focuses on the semantics of information and
information processing
engineering a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 9, engineering viewpoint.
viewpoint that focuses on the mechanisms and functions required
to support distributed interaction between objects in the
system
technology a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 10 technology viewpoint; also to
viewpoint that focuses on the choice of technology in that system be addressed by platform-specific service
specifications.
The enterprise viewpoint is concerned with the purpose, scope and policies of an enterprise or business and
how they relate to the specified system or service. An enterprise specification of a service is a model of that
service and the environment with which the service interacts. It covers the role of the service in the business
and the human-user roles and business policies related to the service.
The computational viewpoint is concerned with the interaction patterns between the components (services) of
the system, described through their interfaces. A computational specification of a service is a model of the
service interface seen from a client, and the potential set of other services that this service requires to have
available, with the interacting services described as sources and sinks of information.
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
The information viewpoint is concerned with the semantics of information and information processing. An
information specification of an ODP system is a model of the information that it holds and of the information
processing that it carries out.
The engineering viewpoint is concerned with the design of distribution-oriented aspects, i.e., the infrastructure
required to support distribution. An engineering specification of an ODP system defines a networked
computing infrastructure that supports the system structure defined in the computational specification and
provides the distribution transparencies that it defines. ODP defines the following distribution transparencies:
access, failure, location, migration, relocation, replication, persistence and transaction. Security may also be a
mechanism.
The technology viewpoint describes the implementation of the ODP system in terms of a configuration of
technology objects representing the hardware and software components of the implementation. It is
constrained by cost and availability of technology objects (hardware and software products) that would satisfy
this specification. These may conform to platform-specific standards that are effectively templates for
technology objects.
In the computational and information viewpoint clauses of this International Standard, specific approaches that
shall be followed for defining geographic information services are provided. For the engineering and
technology viewpoints, this International Standard defines how a particular service shall be mapped on to an
implementation technology, such as SQL-3/ODBC, ODMG, CORBA, DCOM/OLE, Internet or similar
technology.
6.3 Service abstraction
This International Standard defines the approach to defining services that shall be used in the ISO 19100
series of standards. Figure 1 defines the relationship between the various types of service specifications.
SV_ServiceSpecification defines services without reference to the type of specification or to its implementation.
A SV_PlatformNeutralServiceSpecification provides the abstract definition of a specific type of service but
does not specify the implementation of the service. Service types are given in the geographic service
taxonomy in 8.3. SV_PlatformSpecificServiceSpecification defines the implementation of a specific type of
service. There may be multiple platform-specific specifications for a single platform-neutral specification.
SV_Service is an implementation of a service. The requirements for these specifications are addressed in this
International Standard, in particular in Clause 10.
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
Figure 1 — Abstract and implementation service specifications
6.4 Interoperability
Interoperability is the capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional
units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those
units.
Two components X and Y (see Figure 2) can interoperate (are interoperable) if X can send requests R for
services to Y, based on a mutual understanding of R by X and Y, and if Y can similarly return mutually
understandable responses S to X.
Figure 2 — Interoperability
This means that two interoperable systems can interact jointly to execute tasks. For the geographic domain,
the following description of the term “geographic interoperability” is applicable:
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved 7
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
“Geographic interoperability” is the ability of information systems to 1) freely exchange all kinds of spatial
information about the Earth and about the objects and phenomena on, above, and below the Earth’s surface;
and 2) cooperatively, over networks, run software capable of manipulating such information.
The ODP viewpoint abstraction provides a framework for describing a system at several abstraction levels. In
this International Standard, interoperability is viewed in terms of the different abstraction levels provided by
RM-ODP. This International Standard focuses, from different viewpoints, on how semantic and syntactic
interoperability of geographic metadata and geographic data can be supported.
When two different organizations have independently developed distributed systems, each can be described
according to the RM-ODP viewpoints, and interoperability between the systems can be discussed with respect
to each of the five RM-ODP viewpoints.
For each interoperability aspect, a distinction is made between syntactical interoperability and semantic
interoperability. Syntactical interoperability assures that there is a technical connection, i.e. that the data can
be transferred between systems. Semantic interoperability assures that the content is understood in the same
way in both systems, including by those humans interacting with the systems in a given context.
6.5 Use of other geographic information standards in service specifications
A service specification shall include relevant information models from the appropriate geographic information
standards in the ISO 19100 series. The corresponding UML models shall be used in the definition of the
service interfaces as appropriate.
6.6 Architecture patterns
An architecture pattern expresses a fundamental structural organization or schema for software services. It
identifies a set of services, specifies their responsibilities, and includes rules and guidelines for organizing the
relationships between them. Services, implemented by classes and objects, may use design patterns but this
level of detail is outside the scope of this International Standard.
The Table 2 provides a listing of the elements of a pattern. When specific architecture patterns are defined in
this International Standard, these elements shall be used.
Table 2 — Elements of a pattern
Element of a pattern Description of element
Name The name is a word or short meaningful phrase that describes the pattern. The name is
extremely important, since it is used to reduce communication overhead. Nicknames or
synonyms may be provided.
Problem This is a statement of the problem which describes its intent, goals and objectives it wants
to reach within the given context and forces. Often the forces oppose these objectives as
well as each other.
Context Context defines the preconditions under which the problem and its solution seem to recur,
and for which the solution is desirable. This defines the pattern's applicability. It can be
thought of as the initial configuration of the system before the pattern is applied.
Forces The forces are considerations that must be weighed to reach the best solution. Forces
define the kinds of trade-offs that must be considered in the presence of the tension or
dissonance they create. The forces answer the question: “Why is this a hard problem?”
Structu
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19119
First edition
2005-02-15
Geographic information — Services
Information géographique — Services
Reference number
ISO 19119:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 19119:2005(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 19119:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance. 1
3 Normative references. 1
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Abbreviated terms. 3
6 Overview of geographic services architecture .4
6.1 Purpose and justification . 4
6.2 Interoperability reference model based on ISO RM-ODP . 5
6.3 Service abstraction. 6
6.4 Interoperability. 7
6.5 Use of other geographic information standards in service specifications. 8
6.6 Architecture patterns. 8
7 Computational viewpoint: a basis for service chaining. 9
7.1 Component and service interoperability and the computational viewpoint. 9
7.2 Services, interfaces and operations . 9
7.3 Service chaining. 11
7.4 Service metadata. 19
7.5 Service instance of unknown type . 21
7.6 Simple service architecture. 22
8 Information viewpoint: a basis for semantic interoperability. 23
8.1 Information model interoperability and the information viewpoint . 23
8.2 Extended open systems environment for geographic services . 23
8.3 Geographic services taxonomy. 24
8.4 ISO 19100 series of International Standards in geographic service taxonomy . 31
8.5 Geographic service chaining validity . 32
8.6 Services organizer folder (SOF) . 33
9 Engineering viewpoint — A basis for distribution . 34
9.1 Distribution transparencies and the engineering viewpoint . 34
9.2 Distributing components using a multi-tier architecture model. 35
10 Technology viewpoint — A basis for cross platform interoperability. 39
10.1 Infrastructure interoperability and the technology viewpoint. 39
10.2 Need for multiple platform-specific specifications .40
10.3 Conformance between platform-neutral and platform-specific service specifications . 40
10.4 From platform-neutral to platform-specific specifications. 41
Annex A (normative) Conformance . 42
Annex B (informative) Example user scenarios . 46
Annex C (normative) Data dictionary for geographic service metadata . 49
Annex D (informative) Mapping to distributed computing platforms. 54
Bibliography . 66
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19119 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 19119:2005(E)
Introduction
The widespread application of computers and use of geographic information systems (GIS) have led to the
increased analysis of geographic data within multiple disciplines. Based on advances in information
technology, society’s reliance on such data is growing. Geographic datasets are increasingly being shared,
exchanged, and used for purposes other than their producers’ intended ones. GIS, remote sensing,
automated mapping and facilities management (AM/FM), traffic analysis, geopositioning systems, and other
technologies for Geographic Information (GI) are entering a period of radical integration.
This International Standard provides a framework for developers to create software that enables users to
access and process geographic data from a variety of sources across a generic computing interface within an
open information technology environment.
“a framework for developers” means that this International Standard is based on a comprehensive,
common (i.e. formed by consensus for general use) plan for interoperable geoprocessing;
“access and process” means that geodata users can query remote databases and control remote
processing resources, and also take advantage of other distributed computing technologies, such as
software delivered to the user's local environment from a remote environment for temporary use;
“from a variety of sources” means that users will have access to data acquired in a variety of ways and
stored in a wide variety of relational and non-relational databases;
“across a generic computing interface” means that ISO 19119 interfaces provide reliable communication
between otherwise disparate software resources that are equipped to use these interfaces;
“within an open information technology environment” means that this International Standard enables
geoprocessing to take place outside of the closed environment of monolithic GIS, remote sensing, and
AM/FM systems that control and restrict database, user interface, network and data manipulation
functions.
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19119:2005(E)
Geographic information — Services
1 Scope
The scope of this International Standard is as follows:
Identification and definition of the architecture patterns for service interfaces used for geographic information
and definition of the relationships to the Open Systems Environment model.
This International Standard presents a geographic services taxonomy and a list of example geographic
services placed in the services taxonomy.
This International Standard prescribes how to create a platform-neutral service specification, and how to
derive platform-specific service specifications that are conformant with this.
This International Standard provides guidelines for the selection and specification of geographic services from
both platform-neutral and platform-specific perspectives.
2 Conformance
Any product claiming conformance with this International Standard shall pass all the requirements described
in the abstract test suite given in Annex A.
NOTE The definition of an abstract test suite appears in ISO 19105.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference model:
Overview — Part 1
ISO/IEC 10746-2:1996, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference model:
Foundations
ISO/IEC TR 14252:1996, Information technology — Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE)
1)
ISO/TS 19103: — , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
1) To be published.
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved 1
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4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
service
distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces (4.2)
[adapted from ISO/IEC TR 14252]
NOTE See 7.2 for a discussion of service.
4.2
interface
named set of operations (4.3) that characterize the behaviour of an entity
NOTE See 7.2 for a discussion of interface.
4.3
operation
specification of a transformation or query that an object may be called to execute
NOTE 1 An operation has a name and a list of parameters.
NOTE 2 See 7.2 for a discussion of operation.
4.4
interoperability
capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that
requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units
[ISO/IEC 2382-1]
4.5
service chain
sequence of services (4.1) where, for each adjacent pair of services, occurrence of the first action is
necessary for the occurrence of the second action
4.6
workflow
automation of a business process, in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are passed
from one participant to another for action, according to a set of procedural rules
4.7
viewpoint
〈on a system〉 form of abstraction achieved using a selected set of architectural concepts and structuring
rules, in order to focus on particular concerns within a system
[ISO/IEC 10746-2]
4.8
enterprise viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the purpose, scope and policies for
that system
4.9
information viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the semantics of information and
information processing
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4.10
computational viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on a system and its environment that enables distribution through functional decomposition of
the system into objects which interact at interfaces (4.2)
4.11
engineering viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the mechanisms and functions
required to support distributed interaction between objects in the system
4.12
technology viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the choice of technology in that
system
4.13
distribution transparency
property of hiding from a particular user the potential behaviour of some parts of a distributed system
[ISO/IEC 10746-2]
NOTE Distribution transparencies enable complexities associated with system distribution to be hidden from
applications where they are irrelevant to their purpose.
5 Abbreviated terms
ADO ActiveX Data Objects
API Application Programming Interface
CCM Client Configuration Manager
COM Component Object Model
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CICS Customer Information Control System
DAG Directed Acyclic Graph
DCOM Distributed Component Object Model
DCP Distributed Computing Platform
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DNA Distributed interNet Applications
EDOC Enterprise Distributed Object Computing
DTD Document type definitions
EJB Enterprise Java Beans
EOSE Extended Open Systems Environment Model
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
GIOP General Inter-ORB Protocol
GUI Graphic User Interface
HIS Information Technology Human Interaction Service
HTI Human Technology Interface
HTML Hypertext Markup language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IDL Interface Definition Language
IIOP Internet Inter-ORB Protocol
IIS Internet Information Server
IT Information Technology
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J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition with EJB
JDBC Java Data Base Connectivity
JSP Java Server Pages
JINI Sun's open architecture that enables developers to create network-centric services
JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface
JTA Java Connector Architecture
JTS Java Transaction Service
MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface
MS MTS Microsoft Transaction Server
MSMQ Microsoft Message Queuing
MTS Microsoft Transaction Server
OCL Object Constraint Language
ODBC Open Database Connectivity
ODMG Object Database Management Group
ODP Open Distributed Processing (see RM-ODP)
OGC Open GIS Consortium
OMG Object Management Group
OODB Object-oriented database
ORB Object Request Broker
OSE Open Systems Environment
RMI Remote Method Invocation
RM-ODP Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (ISO/IEC 10746)
RPC Remote Procedure Call
SDAI Standard Data Access Interface (ISO 10303-22)
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
SOF Service Organizer Folder
SQL Structured Query Language
UML Unified Modelling Language
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
XML Extensible Markup Language
XML RDF XML Resource Description Framework
XSLT XML Stylesheet Language Transformations
6 Overview of geographic services architecture
6.1 Purpose and justification
The definition of service includes a variety of applications with different levels of functionality to access and
use geographic information. While specialized services will appropriately remain an area for proprietary
products, standardization of the interfaces to those services allows interoperability between proprietary
products. Geographic information system and software developers will use these standards to provide general
and specialized services that can be used for all geographic information. The approach of this International
Standard is integrated with the approaches being developed within the more general world of information
technology.
The geographic services architecture specified in this International Standard has been developed to meet the
following purposes:
provide an abstract framework to allow coordinated development of specific services;
enable interoperable data services through interface standardization;
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support development of a service catalogue through the definition of service metadata;
allow separation of data instances and service instances;
enable use of one provider's service on another provider's data;
define an abstract framework which can be implemented in multiple ways.
This International Standard extends the architectural reference model defined in ISO 19101, in which an
Extended Open Systems Environment (EOSE) model for geographic services is defined.
6.2 Interoperability reference model based on ISO RM-ODP
This International Standard is developed based on a system architecture approach to system design known
as the Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing; see ISO/IEC 10746. Architecture is defined as a set
of components, connections and topologies defined through a series of views. The geographic infrastructure
enabled by this International Standard will have multiple users, developers, operators and reviewers. Each
group will view the system from their own perspective. The purpose of architecture is to provide a description
of the system from multiple viewpoints. Furthermore, architecture helps to ensure that each view will be
consistent with the requirements and with the other views.
Table 1 shows how the RM-ODP viewpoints are utilized in this International Standard.
Table 1 — Use of RM-ODP viewpoints in this International Standard
Viewpoint Definition of RM-ODP Viewpoint How viewpoint is addressed in this
Name (ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998) International Standard
enterprise a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment This is available in other parts of the
viewpoint that focuses on the purpose, scope and policies for that ISO 19100 series of standards, e.g.,
system reference model (ISO 19101).
computational a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 7, computational viewpoint.
viewpoint that enables distribution through functional
decomposition of the system into objects which interact
at interfaces
information a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 8, information viewpoint.
viewpoint that focuses on the semantics of information and
information processing
engineering a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 9, engineering viewpoint.
viewpoint that focuses on the mechanisms and functions required
to support distributed interaction between objects in the
system
technology a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 10 technology viewpoint; also to
viewpoint that focuses on the choice of technology in that system be addressed by platform-specific service
specifications.
The enterprise viewpoint is concerned with the purpose, scope and policies of an enterprise or business and
how they relate to the specified system or service. An enterprise specification of a service is a model of that
service and the environment with which the service interacts. It covers the role of the service in the business
and the human-user roles and business policies related to the service.
The computational viewpoint is concerned with the interaction patterns between the components (services) of
the system, described through their interfaces. A computational specification of a service is a model of the
service interface seen from a client, and the potential set of other services that this service requires to have
available, with the interacting services described as sources and sinks of information.
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The information viewpoint is concerned with the semantics of information and information processing. An
information specification of an ODP system is a model of the information that it holds and of the information
processing that it carries out.
The engineering viewpoint is concerned with the design of distribution-oriented aspects, i.e., the infrastructure
required to support distribution. An engineering specification of an ODP system defines a networked
computing infrastructure that supports the system structure defined in the computational specification and
provides the distribution transparencies that it defines. ODP defines the following distribution transparencies:
access, failure, location, migration, relocation, replication, persistence and transaction. Security may also be a
mechanism.
The technology viewpoint describes the implementation of the ODP system in terms of a configuration of
technology objects representing the hardware and software components of the implementation. It is
constrained by cost and availability of technology objects (hardware and software products) that would satisfy
this specification. These may conform to platform-specific standards that are effectively templates for
technology objects.
In the computational and information viewpoint clauses of this International Standard, specific approaches that
shall be followed for defining geographic information services are provided. For the engineering and
technology viewpoints, this International Standard defines how a particular service shall be mapped on to an
implementation technology, such as SQL-3/ODBC, ODMG, CORBA, DCOM/OLE, Internet or similar
technology.
6.3 Service abstraction
This International Standard defines the approach to defining services that shall be used in the ISO 19100
series of standards. Figure 1 defines the relationship between the various types of service specifications.
SV_ServiceSpecification defines services without reference to the type of specification or to its implementation.
A SV_PlatformNeutralServiceSpecification provides the abstract definition of a specific type of service but
does not specify the implementation of the service. Service types are given in the geographic service
taxonomy in 8.3. SV_PlatformSpecificServiceSpecification defines the implementation of a specific type of
service. There may be multiple platform-specific specifications for a single platform-neutral specification.
SV_Service is an implementation of a service. The requirements for these specifications are addressed in this
International Standard, in particular in Clause 10.
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Figure 1 — Abstract and implementation service specifications
6.4 Interoperability
Interoperability is the capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional
units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those
units.
Two components X and Y (see Figure 2) can interoperate (are interoperable) if X can send requests R for
services to Y, based on a mutual understanding of R by X and Y, and if Y can similarly return mutually
understandable responses S to X.
Figure 2 — Interoperability
This means that two interoperable systems can interact jointly to execute tasks. For the geographic domain,
the following description of the term “geographic interoperability” is applicable:
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
“Geographic interoperability” is the ability of information systems to 1) freely exchange all kinds of spatial
information about the Earth and about the objects and phenomena on, above, and below the Earth’s surface;
and 2) cooperatively, over networks, run software capable of manipulating such information.
The ODP viewpoint abstraction provides a framework for describing a system at several abstraction levels. In
this International Standard, interoperability is viewed in terms of the different abstraction levels provided by
RM-ODP. This International Standard focuses, from different viewpoints, on how semantic and syntactic
interoperability of geographic metadata and geographic data can be supported.
When two different organizations have independently developed distributed systems, each can be described
according to the RM-ODP viewpoints, and interoperability between the systems can be discussed with respect
to each of the five RM-ODP viewpoints.
For each interoperability aspect, a distinction is made between syntactical interoperability and semantic
interoperability. Syntactical interoperability assures that there is a technical connection, i.e. that the data can
be transferred between systems. Semantic interoperability assures that the content is understood in the same
way in both systems, including by those humans interacting with the systems in a given context.
6.5 Use of other geographic information standards in service specifications
A service specification shall include relevant information models from the appropriate geographic information
standards in the ISO 19100 series. The corresponding UML models shall be used in the definition of the
service interfaces as appropriate.
6.6 Architecture patterns
An architecture pattern expresses a fundamental structural organization or schema for software services. It
identifies a set of services, specifies their responsibilities, and includes rules and guidelines for organizing the
relationships between them. Services, implemented by classes and objects, may use design patterns but this
level of detail is outside the scope of this International Standard.
The Table 2 provides a listing of the elements of a pattern. When specific architecture patterns are defined in
this International Standard, these elements shall be used.
Table 2 — Elements of a pattern
Element of a pattern Description of element
Name The name is a word or short meaningful phrase that describes the pattern. The name is
extremely important, since it is used to reduce communication overhead. Nicknames or
synonyms may be provided.
Problem This is a statement of the problem which describes its intent, goals and objectives it wants
to reach within the given context and forces. Often the forces oppose these objectives as
well as each other.
Context Context defines the preconditions under which the problem and its solution seem to recur,
and for which the solution is desirable. This defines the pattern's applicability. It can be
thought of as the initial configuration of the system before the pattern is applied.
Forces The forces are considerations that must be weighed to reach the best solution. Forces
define the kinds of trade-offs that must be considered in the presence of the tension or
dissonance they create. The forces answer the question: “Why is this a
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 19119:2005
01-december-2005
Geografske informacije – Servisi
Geographic information -- Services
Information géographique -- Services
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 19119:2005
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST ISO 19119:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 19119:2005
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SIST ISO 19119:2005
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19119
First edition
2005-02-15
Geographic information — Services
Information géographique — Services
Reference number
ISO 19119:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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ISO 19119:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance. 1
3 Normative references. 1
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 Abbreviated terms. 3
6 Overview of geographic services architecture .4
6.1 Purpose and justification . 4
6.2 Interoperability reference model based on ISO RM-ODP . 5
6.3 Service abstraction. 6
6.4 Interoperability. 7
6.5 Use of other geographic information standards in service specifications. 8
6.6 Architecture patterns. 8
7 Computational viewpoint: a basis for service chaining. 9
7.1 Component and service interoperability and the computational viewpoint. 9
7.2 Services, interfaces and operations . 9
7.3 Service chaining. 11
7.4 Service metadata. 19
7.5 Service instance of unknown type . 21
7.6 Simple service architecture. 22
8 Information viewpoint: a basis for semantic interoperability. 23
8.1 Information model interoperability and the information viewpoint . 23
8.2 Extended open systems environment for geographic services . 23
8.3 Geographic services taxonomy. 24
8.4 ISO 19100 series of International Standards in geographic service taxonomy . 31
8.5 Geographic service chaining validity . 32
8.6 Services organizer folder (SOF) . 33
9 Engineering viewpoint — A basis for distribution . 34
9.1 Distribution transparencies and the engineering viewpoint . 34
9.2 Distributing components using a multi-tier architecture model. 35
10 Technology viewpoint — A basis for cross platform interoperability. 39
10.1 Infrastructure interoperability and the technology viewpoint. 39
10.2 Need for multiple platform-specific specifications .40
10.3 Conformance between platform-neutral and platform-specific service specifications . 40
10.4 From platform-neutral to platform-specific specifications. 41
Annex A (normative) Conformance . 42
Annex B (informative) Example user scenarios . 46
Annex C (normative) Data dictionary for geographic service metadata . 49
Annex D (informative) Mapping to distributed computing platforms. 54
Bibliography . 66
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19119 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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Introduction
The widespread application of computers and use of geographic information systems (GIS) have led to the
increased analysis of geographic data within multiple disciplines. Based on advances in information
technology, society’s reliance on such data is growing. Geographic datasets are increasingly being shared,
exchanged, and used for purposes other than their producers’ intended ones. GIS, remote sensing,
automated mapping and facilities management (AM/FM), traffic analysis, geopositioning systems, and other
technologies for Geographic Information (GI) are entering a period of radical integration.
This International Standard provides a framework for developers to create software that enables users to
access and process geographic data from a variety of sources across a generic computing interface within an
open information technology environment.
“a framework for developers” means that this International Standard is based on a comprehensive,
common (i.e. formed by consensus for general use) plan for interoperable geoprocessing;
“access and process” means that geodata users can query remote databases and control remote
processing resources, and also take advantage of other distributed computing technologies, such as
software delivered to the user's local environment from a remote environment for temporary use;
“from a variety of sources” means that users will have access to data acquired in a variety of ways and
stored in a wide variety of relational and non-relational databases;
“across a generic computing interface” means that ISO 19119 interfaces provide reliable communication
between otherwise disparate software resources that are equipped to use these interfaces;
“within an open information technology environment” means that this International Standard enables
geoprocessing to take place outside of the closed environment of monolithic GIS, remote sensing, and
AM/FM systems that control and restrict database, user interface, network and data manipulation
functions.
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SIST ISO 19119:2005
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19119:2005(E)
Geographic information — Services
1 Scope
The scope of this International Standard is as follows:
Identification and definition of the architecture patterns for service interfaces used for geographic information
and definition of the relationships to the Open Systems Environment model.
This International Standard presents a geographic services taxonomy and a list of example geographic
services placed in the services taxonomy.
This International Standard prescribes how to create a platform-neutral service specification, and how to
derive platform-specific service specifications that are conformant with this.
This International Standard provides guidelines for the selection and specification of geographic services from
both platform-neutral and platform-specific perspectives.
2 Conformance
Any product claiming conformance with this International Standard shall pass all the requirements described
in the abstract test suite given in Annex A.
NOTE The definition of an abstract test suite appears in ISO 19105.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference model:
Overview — Part 1
ISO/IEC 10746-2:1996, Information technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference model:
Foundations
ISO/IEC TR 14252:1996, Information technology — Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE)
1)
ISO/TS 19103: — , Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
1) To be published.
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4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
service
distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces (4.2)
[adapted from ISO/IEC TR 14252]
NOTE See 7.2 for a discussion of service.
4.2
interface
named set of operations (4.3) that characterize the behaviour of an entity
NOTE See 7.2 for a discussion of interface.
4.3
operation
specification of a transformation or query that an object may be called to execute
NOTE 1 An operation has a name and a list of parameters.
NOTE 2 See 7.2 for a discussion of operation.
4.4
interoperability
capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that
requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units
[ISO/IEC 2382-1]
4.5
service chain
sequence of services (4.1) where, for each adjacent pair of services, occurrence of the first action is
necessary for the occurrence of the second action
4.6
workflow
automation of a business process, in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are passed
from one participant to another for action, according to a set of procedural rules
4.7
viewpoint
〈on a system〉 form of abstraction achieved using a selected set of architectural concepts and structuring
rules, in order to focus on particular concerns within a system
[ISO/IEC 10746-2]
4.8
enterprise viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the purpose, scope and policies for
that system
4.9
information viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the semantics of information and
information processing
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4.10
computational viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on a system and its environment that enables distribution through functional decomposition of
the system into objects which interact at interfaces (4.2)
4.11
engineering viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the mechanisms and functions
required to support distributed interaction between objects in the system
4.12
technology viewpoint
viewpoint (4.7) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the choice of technology in that
system
4.13
distribution transparency
property of hiding from a particular user the potential behaviour of some parts of a distributed system
[ISO/IEC 10746-2]
NOTE Distribution transparencies enable complexities associated with system distribution to be hidden from
applications where they are irrelevant to their purpose.
5 Abbreviated terms
ADO ActiveX Data Objects
API Application Programming Interface
CCM Client Configuration Manager
COM Component Object Model
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CICS Customer Information Control System
DAG Directed Acyclic Graph
DCOM Distributed Component Object Model
DCP Distributed Computing Platform
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DNA Distributed interNet Applications
EDOC Enterprise Distributed Object Computing
DTD Document type definitions
EJB Enterprise Java Beans
EOSE Extended Open Systems Environment Model
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning
GIOP General Inter-ORB Protocol
GUI Graphic User Interface
HIS Information Technology Human Interaction Service
HTI Human Technology Interface
HTML Hypertext Markup language
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IDL Interface Definition Language
IIOP Internet Inter-ORB Protocol
IIS Internet Information Server
IT Information Technology
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J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition with EJB
JDBC Java Data Base Connectivity
JSP Java Server Pages
JINI Sun's open architecture that enables developers to create network-centric services
JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface
JTA Java Connector Architecture
JTS Java Transaction Service
MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface
MS MTS Microsoft Transaction Server
MSMQ Microsoft Message Queuing
MTS Microsoft Transaction Server
OCL Object Constraint Language
ODBC Open Database Connectivity
ODMG Object Database Management Group
ODP Open Distributed Processing (see RM-ODP)
OGC Open GIS Consortium
OMG Object Management Group
OODB Object-oriented database
ORB Object Request Broker
OSE Open Systems Environment
RMI Remote Method Invocation
RM-ODP Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (ISO/IEC 10746)
RPC Remote Procedure Call
SDAI Standard Data Access Interface (ISO 10303-22)
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
SOF Service Organizer Folder
SQL Structured Query Language
UML Unified Modelling Language
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
XML Extensible Markup Language
XML RDF XML Resource Description Framework
XSLT XML Stylesheet Language Transformations
6 Overview of geographic services architecture
6.1 Purpose and justification
The definition of service includes a variety of applications with different levels of functionality to access and
use geographic information. While specialized services will appropriately remain an area for proprietary
products, standardization of the interfaces to those services allows interoperability between proprietary
products. Geographic information system and software developers will use these standards to provide general
and specialized services that can be used for all geographic information. The approach of this International
Standard is integrated with the approaches being developed within the more general world of information
technology.
The geographic services architecture specified in this International Standard has been developed to meet the
following purposes:
provide an abstract framework to allow coordinated development of specific services;�
enable interoperable data services through interface standardization;�
4 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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support development of a service catalogue through the definition of service metadata;�
allow separation of data instances and service instances;�
enable use of one provider's service on another provider's data;�
define an abstract framework which can be implemented in multiple ways.�
This International Standard extends the architectural reference model defined in ISO 19101, in which an
Extended Open Systems Environment (EOSE) model for geographic services is defined.
6.2 Interoperability reference model based on ISO RM-ODP
This International Standard is developed based on a system architecture approach to system design known
as the Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing; see ISO/IEC 10746. Architecture is defined as a set
of components, connections and topologies defined through a series of views. The geographic infrastructure
enabled by this International Standard will have multiple users, developers, operators and reviewers. Each
group will view the system from their own perspective. The purpose of architecture is to provide a description
of the system from multiple viewpoints. Furthermore, architecture helps to ensure that each view will be
consistent with the requirements and with the other views.
Table 1 shows how the RM-ODP viewpoints are utilized in this International Standard.
Table 1 — Use of RM-ODP viewpoints in this International Standard
Viewpoint Definition of RM-ODP Viewpoint How viewpoint is addressed in this
Name (ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998) International Standard
enterprise a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment This is available in other parts of the
viewpoint that focuses on the purpose, scope and policies for that ISO 19100 series of standards, e.g.,
system reference model (ISO 19101).
computational a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 7, computational viewpoint.
viewpoint that enables distribution through functional
decomposition of the system into objects which interact
at interfaces
information a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 8, information viewpoint.
viewpoint that focuses on the semantics of information and
information processing
engineering a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 9, engineering viewpoint.
viewpoint that focuses on the mechanisms and functions required
to support distributed interaction between objects in the
system
technology a viewpoint on an ODP system and its environment See Clause 10 technology viewpoint; also to
viewpoint that focuses on the choice of technology in that system be addressed by platform-specific service
specifications.
The enterprise viewpoint is concerned with the purpose, scope and policies of an enterprise or business and
how they relate to the specified system or service. An enterprise specification of a service is a model of that
service and the environment with which the service interacts. It covers the role of the service in the business
and the human-user roles and business policies related to the service.
The computational viewpoint is concerned with the interaction patterns between the components (services) of
the system, described through their interfaces. A computational specification of a service is a model of the
service interface seen from a client, and the potential set of other services that this service requires to have
available, with the interacting services described as sources and sinks of information.
© ISO 2005 – All rights reserved 5
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SIST ISO 19119:2005
ISO 19119:2005(E)
The information viewpoint is concerned with the semantics of information and information processing. An
information specification of an ODP system is a model of the information that it holds and of the information
processing that it carries out.
The engineering viewpoint is concerned with the design of distribution-oriented aspects, i.e., the infrastructure
required to support distribution. An engineering specification of an ODP system defines a networked
computing infrastructure that supports the system structure defined in the computational specification and
provides the distribution transparencies that it defines. ODP defines the following distribution transparencies:
access, failure, location, migration, relocation, replication, persistence and transaction. Security may also be a
mechanism.
The technology viewpoint describes the implementation of the ODP system in terms of a configuration of
technology objects representing the hardware and software components of the implementation. It is
constrained by cost and availability of technology objects (hardware and software products) that would satisfy
this specification. These may conform to platform-specific standards that are effectively templates for
technology objects.
In the computational and information viewpoint clauses of this International Standard, specific approaches that
shall be followed for defining geographic information services are provided. For the engineering and
technology viewpoints, this International Standard defines how a particular service shall be mapped on to an
implementation technology, such as SQL-3/ODBC, ODMG, CORBA, DCOM/OLE, Internet or similar
technology.
6.3 Service abstraction
This International Standard defines the approach to defining services that shall be used in the ISO 19100
series of standards. Figure 1 defines the relationship between the various types of service specifications.
SV_ServiceSpecification defines services without reference to the type of specification or to its implementation.
A SV_PlatformNeutralServiceSpecification provides the abstract definition of a specific type of service but
does not specify the implementation of the service. Service types are given in the geographic service
taxonomy in 8.3. SV_PlatformSpecificServiceSpecification defines the implementation of a specific type of
service. There may be multiple platform-specific specifications for a single platform-neutral specification.
SV_Service is an implementation of a service. The requirements for these specifications are addressed in this
International Standard, in particular in Clause 10.
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SIST ISO 19119:2005
ISO 19119:2005(E)
Figure 1 — Abstract and implementation service specifications
6.4 Interoperability
Interoperability is the capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional
units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those
units.
Two components X and Y (see Figure 2) can interoperate (are interoperable) if X can send requests R for
services to Y, based on a mutual understanding of R by X and Y, and if Y can similarly return mutually
understandable responses S to X.
Figure 2 — Interoperability
This means that two interoperable systems can interact jointly to execute tasks. For the geographic domain,
the following description of the term “geographic interoperability” is applicable:
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SIST ISO 19119:2005
ISO 19119:2005(E)
“Geographic interoperability” is the ability of information systems to 1) freely exchange all kinds of spatial
information about the Earth and about the objects and phenomena on, above, and below the Earth’s surface;
and 2) cooperatively, over networks, run software capable of manipulating such information.
The ODP viewpoint abstraction provides a framework for describing a system at several abstraction levels. In
this International Standard, interoperability is viewed in terms of the different abstraction levels provided by
RM-ODP. This International Standard focuses, from different viewpoints, on how semantic and syntactic
interoperability of geographic metadata and geographic data can be supported.
When two different organizations have independently developed distributed systems, each can be described
according to the RM-ODP viewpoints, and interoperability between the systems can be discussed with respect
to each of the five RM-ODP viewpoints.
For each interoperability aspect, a distinction is made between syntactical interoperability and semantic
interoperability. Syntactical interoperability assures that there is a technical connection, i.e. that the data can
be transferred between systems. Semantic interoperability assures that the content is understood in the same
way in both systems, including by those humans interacting with the systems in a given context.
6.5 Use of other geographic information standards in service specifications
A service specification shall include relevant information models from the appropriate geographic information
standards in the ISO 19100 series. The corresponding UML models shall be used in the definition of the
service interfaces as appropriate.
6.6 Architecture patterns
An architecture pattern expresses a fundamental structural organization or schema for software services. It
identifies a set of services, specifies their responsibilities, and includes rules and guidelines for organizing the
relationships between them. Services, implemented by classes and objects, may use design patterns but this
level of detail is outside the scope of this International Standard.
The Table 2 provides a listing of the elements of a pattern. When specific architecture patterns are defined in
this International Standard, these elements shall be used.
Table 2 — Elements of a pattern
Element of a pat
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 19119
Première édition
2005-02-15
Information géographique — Services
Geographic information — Services
Numéro de référence
ISO 19119:2005(F)
©
ISO 2005
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2005
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
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Version française parue en 2011
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2005 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos . iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Conformité . 1
3 Références normatives . 1
4 Termes et définitions . 2
5 Abréviations . 3
6 Vue d'ensemble de l'architecture des services géographiques . 5
6.1 Objectif et justification . 5
6.2 Modèle de référence d'interopérabilité fondé sur le RM-ODP ISO . 5
6.3 Abstraction de service . 7
6.4 Interopérabilité . 7
6.5 Utilisation d'autres normes relatives aux informations géographiques dans les
spécifications de service . 8
6.6 Schémas d'architecture . 8
7 Point de vue informatique: une base pour les chaînes de services . 9
7.1 Interopérabilité des composants et des services, et point de vue informatique . 9
7.2 Services, interfaces et opérations . 9
7.3 Chaînage de services . 11
7.4 Métadonnées de service . 20
7.5 Instance de service de type inconnu . 23
7.6 Architecture de service simple . 24
8 Point de vue d'information: une base pour l'interopérabilité sémantique . 25
8.1 Interopérabilité des modèles d'information et point de vue d'information . 25
8.2 Environnement des systèmes ouverts étendus pour les services géographiques . 26
8.3 Taxonomie des services géographiques . 27
8.4 Série de Normes internationales ISO 19100 dans la taxonomie des services
géographiques . 34
8.5 Validité du chaînage de service géographique . 35
8.6 Fichier organisateur de services (SOF) . 36
9 Point de vue d'ingénierie — Une base pour la distribution . 38
9.1 Transparences à la distribution et point de vue d'ingénierie . 38
9.2 Distribution des composants en utilisant un modèle d'architecture multi-niveaux . 39
10 Point de vue de technologie — Une base pour l'interopérabilité multi-plates-formes . 43
10.1 Infrastructure d'interopérabilité et point de vue de technologie . 43
10.2 Besoins en matière de spécifications propres à plusieurs plates-formes . 44
10.3 Conformité entre les spécifications de service applicables à toutes les plates-formes et
les spécifications de service propres à la plate-forme . 45
10.4 Des spécifications applicables à toutes les plates-formes aux spécifications propres à la
plate-forme . 46
Annexe A (normative) Conformité . 47
Annexe B (informative) Exemples de scénarios utilisateur . 51
Annexe C (normative) Dictionnaire de données pour les métadonnées de service géographique . 54
Annexe D (informative) Mise en correspondance avec les plates-formes informatiques distribuées . 60
Bibliographie . 73
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 19119 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 211, Information géographique/Géomatique.
La présente version française de l'ISO 19119:2005 incorpore l'ISO 19119:2005/Amd.1:2008 qui se concentre
sur les extensions du modèle de métadonnées du service et concerne une description plus détaillée de
l'ensemble de données associé d'une instance de service.
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
Introduction
L'application répandue d'ordinateurs et l'utilisation de systèmes d'informations géographiques (SIG) ont
conduit à la progression de l'analyse de données géographiques dans diverses disciplines. Fondée sur les
avancées des technologies de l'information, la dépendance de la société envers ce type de données est
grandissante. Les ensembles de données géographiques sont de plus en plus partagés, échangés et utilisés
à des fins autres que celles auxquelles leurs producteurs les avaient destinées. Les SIG, la télédétection, la
cartographie automatisée et la gestion des installations (AM/FM), l'analyse du trafic, les systèmes de
géopositionnement et d'autres technologies relatives à l'Information Géographique (IG) entrent dans une
période d'intégration radicale.
La présente Norme internationale fournit un cadre aux développeurs afin de créer des logiciels qui permettent
aux utilisateurs l'accès aux données géographiques ainsi que leur traitement à partir de sources diverses par
le biais d'une interface de calcul générique dans un environnement de technologie de l'information ouvert.
«Un cadre pour les développeurs» signifie que la présente Norme internationale est fondée sur un plan
détaillé et commun (c'est-à-dire établi par consensus pour l'usage général) pour un traitement
géographique interoperable.
«L'accès aux données géographiques ainsi que leur traitement» signifie que les utilisateurs de données
géographiques peuvent interroger des bases de données distantes et utiliser des ressources de
traitement contrôlées à distance, tout en tirant avantage des autres technologies d'informatique distribuée,
comme les logiciels pouvant être utilisés sur l'environnement local de l'utilisateur à partir d'un
environnement distant pour un usage temporaire.
«À partir de sources diverses» signifie que les utilisateurs auront accès à des données acquises de
diverses façons et stockées dans un large éventail de bases de données relationnelles et non
relationnelles.
«Par le biais d'une interface de calcul générique» signifie que des interfaces ISO 19119 fournissent une
communication fiable entre des ressources logicielles sinon disparates qui sont équipées pour utiliser ces
interfaces.
«Dans un environnement de technologie de l'information ouvert» signifie que la présente Norme
internationale permet au traitement géographique d'avoir lieu hors de l'environnement clos du SIG
monolithique, de la télédétection et des systèmes AM/FM qui contrôlent et restreignent la base de
données, l'interface utilisateur, les fonctions relatives au réseau et les fonctions de manipulation de
données.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 19119:2005(F)
Information géographique — Services
1 Domaine d'application
Le domaine d'application de la présente Norme internationale est le suivant:
Identification et définition des schémas architecturaux relatifs aux interfaces de service utilisées pour les
informations géographiques et la définition des relations avec le modèle OSE (Environnement de systèmes
ouverts).
La présente Norme internationale présente une taxonomie des services géographiques et une liste
d'exemples de services géographiques placés dans la taxonomie des services.
La présente Norme internationale prescrit comment créer une spécification de service applicable à toutes les
plates-formes et comment dériver les spécifications de service propres à une plate-forme conformément à
cela.
La présente Norme internationale fournit des lignes directrices pour la sélection et la spécification des
services géographiques suivant des perspectives aussi bien propres à la plate-forme qu'applicables à toutes
les plates-formes.
2 Conformité
Tout produit revendiquant sa conformité avec la présente Norme internationale doit satisfaire à toutes les
exigences décrites dans la suite de tests abstraits donnée dans l'Annexe A.
NOTE La définition d'une suite de tests abstraits apparaît dans l'ISO 19105.
3 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables à l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO/CEI 10746-1:1998, Technologies de l'information — Traitement réparti ouvert — Modèle de référence —
Partie 1: Aperçu général
ISO/CEI 10746-2:1996, Technologies de l'information — Traitement réparti ouvert — Modèle de référence —
Partie 2: Fondements
ISO/CEI TR 14252:1996, Technologies de l'information — Guide pour l'environnement de système ouvert
(OSE) POSIX
1)
ISO/TS 19103: — , Information géographique — Langage de schéma conceptuel
ISO 19115:2003, Information géographique — Métadonnées
1) À publier.
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
4 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
4.1
service
partie distincte de la fonctionnalité qui est fournie par une entité par le biais d'interfaces (4.2)
[adaptée de l'ISO/CEI TR 14252]
NOTE Voir 7.2 pour une explication du concept de service.
4.2
interface
ensemble désigné d'opérations (4.3) qui caractérisent le comportement d'une entité
NOTE Voir 7.2 pour une explication du concept d'interface.
4.3
opération
spécification d'une transformation ou d'une requête qu'un objet peut être appelé à exécuter
NOTE 1 Une opération est dotée d'un nom et d'une liste de paramètres.
NOTE 2 Voir 7.2 pour une explication du concept d'opération.
4.4
interopérabilité
capacité à communiquer, à exécuter des programmes ou à transférer des données à partir de diverses unités
fonctionnelles d'une façon qui ne nécessite que peu ou pas de connaissances relatives aux caractéristiques
propres à ces unités de la part de l'utilisateur
[ISO/CEI 2382-1]
4.5
chaînes de services
séquence de services (4.1) dans laquelle, pour chaque paire adjacente de services, l'occurrence de la
première action est nécessaire à l'occurrence de la deuxième action
4.6
workflow
flux de travaux
automatisation d'un processus opérationnel, en tout ou en partie, durant laquelle des documents, des
informations ou des tâches sont transmis d'un participant à un autre à des fins d'action, conformément à un
ensemble de règles de procédures
4.7
point de vue
sur un système forme d'abstraction accomplie par l'utilisation d'un ensemble choisi de concepts
architecturaux et de règles de structuration, dans le but de se concentrer sur certaines préoccupations
particulières au sein d'un système
[ISO/CEI 10746-2]
4.8
point de vue d'entreprise
point de vue (4.7) sur un système ODP et sur son environnement qui se concentre sur l'objectif, le domaine
d'application et les politiques relatifs à ce système
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
4.9
point de vue d'information
point de vue (4.7) sur un système ODP et sur son environnement qui se concentre sur la sémantique et sur
le traitement des informations
4.10
point de vue informatique
point de vue (4.7) sur un système et sur son environnement qui rend possible la distribution par le biais d'une
décomposition fonctionnelle du système en objets qui interagissent avec les interfaces (4.2)
4.11
point de vue d'ingénierie
point de vue (4.7) sur un système ODP et sur son environnement qui se concentre sur les fonctions et les
mécanismes requis pour permettre une interaction distribuée entre les objets du système
4.12
point de vue de technologie
point de vue (4.7) sur un système ODP et sur son environnement qui se concentre sur le choix d'une
technologie au sein de ce système
4.13
transparence à la distribution
propriété relative au fait de cacher à un utilisateur particulier le comportement potentiel de certaines parties
d'un système distribué
[ISO/CEI 10746-2]
NOTE Les transparences à la distribution permettent à certaines complexités associées au système de distribution
d'être cachées à des applications pour lesquelles elles ne sont pas pertinentes en ce qui concerne leurs objectifs.
5 Abréviations
ADO ActiveX Data Objects (Objets de données ActiveX)
API Application Programming Interface (Interface de programmation d'applications)
CCM Client Configuration Manager (Gestionnaire de configuration client)
COM Component Object Model (Modèle d'objets composants)
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture (Architecture de courtage commun de requêtes
d'objets)
CICS Customer Information Control System (Système de contrôle des informations client)
DAG Directed Acyclic Graph (Graphe orienté acyclique)
DCOM Distributed Component Object Model (Modèle d'objets composants distribués)
DCP Distributed Computing Platform (Plate-forme informatique distribuée)
DEM Digital Elevation Model (Modèle numérique d'altitude)
DNA Distributed interNet Applications (Applications interNet distribuées)
EDOC Enterprise Distributed Object Computing (Calcul d'objet distribué par entreprise)
DTD Document type definitions (Définitions de type de document)
EJB Enterprise JavaBeans (Modules Java d'entreprise)
EOSE Extended Open Systems Environment Model (Modèle étendu d'environnement de systèmes
ouverts)
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning (Planification des ressources d'entreprise)
GIOP General Inter-ORB Protocol (Protocole général de courtage d'objets ORB)
GUI Graphic User Interface (Interface graphique d'utilisateur)
HIS Information Technology Human Interaction Service (Service d'interaction entre les humains et
les technologies de l'information)
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
HTI Human Technology Interface (Interface entre l'humain et la technologie)
HTML Hypertext Markup language (Langage de balisage d'hypertexte)
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Protocole de transfert hypertexte)
IDL Interface Definition Language (Langage de définition de l'interface)
IIOP Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (Protocole internet de courtage d'objets ORB)
IIS Internet Information Server (Serveur internet d'information)
TI Information Technology (Technologies de l'information)
J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition with EJB (Edition entreprise Java 2 avec EJB)
JDBC Java Data Base Connectivity (Connectivité de base de données Java)
JSP Java Server Pages (Pages de serveur Java)
JINI Architecture ouverte de Sun permettant aux développeurs de créer des services articulés par
le réseau
JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface (Interface de nommage et de répertoire Java)
JTA Java Connector Architecture (Architecture de connecteurs Java)
JTS Java Transaction Service (Services de transaction Java)
MAPI Messaging Application Programming Interface (Interface de programmation d'application de
messagerie)
MS MTS Microsoft Transaction Server (Serveur de transaction Microsoft)
MSMQ Microsoft Message Queuing (File d'attente de message Microsoft)
MTS Microsoft Transaction Server (Serveur de transaction Microsoft)
OCL Object Constraint Language (langage de contraintes d'objet)
ODBC Open Database Connectivity (Connectivité de base de données ouverte)
ODMG Object Database Management Group (Groupe de gestion des bases de données d'objet)
ODP Open Distributed Processing (Traitement distribué ouvert) (voir RM-ODP)
OGC Open GIS Consortium (Consortium SIG ouvert)
OMG Object Management Group (Groupe de gestion d'objet)
OODB Object-oriented database (Base de données orientée objet)
ORB Object Request Broker (Courtage de requêtes d'objets)
OSE Open Systems Environment (Environnement de systèmes ouverts)
RMI Remote Method Invocation (Invocation de méthode à distance)
RM-ODP Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (Modèle de référence pour le traitement
distribué ouvert) (ISO/CEI 10746)
RPC Remote Procedure Call (Appel de procédure distante)
SDAI Standard Data Access Interface (Interface standard d'accès aux données) (ISO 10303-22)
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol (Protocole simplifié d'accès aux objets)
SOF Service Organizer Folder (Fichier organiseur de services)
SQL Structured Query Language (Langage de requêtes structuré)
UML Unified Modelling Language (Langage de modélisation unifié)
URI Uniform Resource Identifier (Identifiant de ressource uniforme)
XML Extensible Markup Language (Langage de balisage extensible)
XML RDF XML Resource Description Framework (Cadre de description de ressources XML)
XSLT XML Stylesheet Language Transformations (Langage de transformation des feuilles de style
XML)
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
6 Vue d'ensemble de l'architecture des services géographiques
6.1 Objectif et justification
La définition des services inclut diverses applications avec différents niveaux de fonctionnalité relatifs à
l'accès aux informations géographiques et à leur utilisation. Alors que les services spécialisés vont toujours
constituer de façon adéquate un domaine occupé par les produits propriétaires, la normalisation des
interfaces de ces services permet l'interopérabilité entre les produits propriétaires. Le système d'informations
géographiques et les développeurs de logiciels vont utiliser ces normes pour fournir des services spécialisés
et généraux qui peuvent être utilisés pour toutes les informations géographiques. L'approche de la présente
Norme internationale est intégrée aux approches en cours de développement dans l'univers plus général des
technologies de l'information.
L'architecture de services géographiques spécifiée dans la présente Norme internationale a été développée
pour remplir les objectifs suivants:
fournir un cadre abstrait afin de permettre un développement coordonné des services spécifiques;
rendre possible l'interopérabilité des services de données par le biais d'une normalisation des interfaces;
donner une base au développement d'un catalogue de services par le biais de la définition des
métadonnées de service;
permettre la séparation des instances de données et des instances de service;
rendre possible l'utilisation du service d'un fournisseur avec les données d'un autre fournisseur;
définir un cadre abstrait qui peut être implémenté de diverses façons.
La présente Norme internationale étend le modèle de référence architectural défini dans l'ISO 19101, dans
laquelle est défini un modèle étendu d'environnement de systèmes ouverts (EOSE).
6.2 Modèle de référence d'interopérabilité fondé sur le RM-ODP ISO
La présente Norme internationale est développée à partir d'une approche d'architecture de système fondée
sur la conception d'un système connu comme le modèle de référence pour le traitement distribué ouvert
(Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing), voir ISO/CEI 10746. L'architecture est définie comme un
ensemble de composants, de connexions et de topologies définis par le biais d'une série de points de vue.
L'infrastructure géographique rendue possible par la présente Norme internationale aura différents utilisateurs,
développeurs, opérateurs et contrôleurs. Chaque groupe considérera le système selon ses propres
perspectives. L'objectif de l'architecture est de fournir une description du système à partir de divers points de
vue. En outre, l'architecture contribue à garantir que chaque point de vue sera cohérent par rapport aux
exigences et aux autres points de vue.
Le Tableau 1 montre comment les points de vue du RM-ODP sont utilisés dans la présente Norme
internationale.
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
Tableau 1 — Utilisation des points de vue du RM-ODP dans la présente Norme internationale
Nom du point Définition des points de vue du RM-ODP Comment le point de vue est traité dans la
de vue (ISO/CEI 10746-1:1998) présente Norme internationale
Ce point de vue est disponible dans d'autres
point de vue portant sur un système ODP et sur son
Point de vue parties de la série de l'ISO 19100, par
environnement qui se concentre sur l'objectif, le domaine
d'entreprise exemple le modèle de référence
d'application et les politiques relatifs à ce système
(ISO 19101).
point de vue portant sur un système ODP et sur son
Point de vue environnement qui rend possible la distribution par le
Voir Article 7: Point de vue informatique.
informatique biais d'une décomposition fonctionnelle du système en
objets qui interagissent par le biais d'interfaces
point de vue portant sur un système ODP et sur son
Point de vue
environnement qui se concentre sur la sémantique Voir Article 8: Point de vue d'information.
d'information
d'information et le traitement des informations
point de vue portant sur un système ODP et sur son
Point de vue environnement qui se concentre sur les fonctions et les
Voir Article 9: Point de vue d'ingénierie.
d'ingénierie mécanismes requis pour permettre une interaction
distribuée entre les objets du système
point de vue portant sur un système ODP et sur son Voir Article 10: Point de vue de technologie,
Point de vue
environnement qui se concentre sur le choix d'une également traité dans les spécifications de
de technologie
technologie au sein de ce système service propres à la plate-forme.
Le point de vue d'entreprise porte sur l'objectif, le domaine d'application et les politiques d'une entreprise ou
d'une affaire et la façon dont ces paramètres sont liés au système ou au service spécifié. Une spécification
d'entreprise d'un service est un modèle de ce service et de l'environnement avec lequel il interagit. Ce point
de vue porte sur le rôle du service dans l'entreprise et sur les rôles des utilisateurs humains et des politiques
commerciales liés au service.
Le point de vue informatique porte sur les modèles d'interaction entre les composants (services) du système,
décrits par le biais de leurs interfaces. Une spécification informatique d'un service est un modèle d'interface
de service vu par un client accompagné par l'ensemble potentiel d'autres services dont la disponibilité est
nécessaire pour ce service, ainsi que des services d'interaction décrits en tant que sources d'information.
Le point de vue d'information porte sur la sémantique des informations et le traitement des informations. Une
spécification d'information d'un système ODP est un modèle des informations qu'il contient et du traitement
des informations qu'il effectue.
Le point de vue d'ingénierie porte sur la conception d'aspects orientés distribution, c'est-à-dire l'infrastructure
requise pour permettre la distribution. Une spécification d'ingénierie d'un système ODP définit une
infrastructure de réseau informatique qui donne une base à la structure de système définie dans la
spécification informatique et qui fournit les transparences à la distribution qu'elle définit. L'ODP définit les
transparences à la distribution suivantes: accès, défaillance, emplacement, migration, relocalisation,
réplication, persistance et transaction. La sécurité peut également être un mécanisme.
Le point de vue de technologie décrit l'implémentation du système ODP en termes de configuration d'objets
technologiques représentant les composants matériels et logiciels de l'implémentation. Il est soumis à des
contraintes de coûts et à la disponibilité des objets technologiques (produits matériels et logiciels) qui
pourraient satisfaire à la présente spécification. Ceux-ci peuvent se conformer aux normes propres à la plate-
forme qui sont effectivement des modèles pour les objets technologiques.
Dans les articles traitants du point de vue informatique et du point de vue d'information de la présente Norme
internationale, les approches spécifiques qui doivent être suivies en matière de services d'informations
géographiques sont fournies. Pour le point de vue d'ingénierie et le point de vue de technologie, la présente
Norme internationale définit comment un service doit être mis en correspondance avec une technologie
d'implémentation, comme SQL-3/ODBC, ODMG, CORBA, DCOM/OLE, Internet ou une technologie similaire.
6 © ISO 2005 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 19119:2005(F)
6.3 Abstraction de service
La présente Norme internationale définit l'approche de la définition de services qui doit être utilisée dans la
série de l'ISO 19100. La Figure 1 définit la relation entre les différents types de spécifications de service.
SV_ServiceSpecification (Spécification de service) définit les services sans référence au type de spécification
ou à son impléme
...
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