SIST-TP CWA 17865:2022
(Main)Requirements and Guidelines for a complete end-to-end mobile forensic investigation chain
Requirements and Guidelines for a complete end-to-end mobile forensic investigation chain
This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) focuses on the Personnel, Tools, Processes and Legal and Ethical framework specific for mobile forensics and including the following topics:
a) Competencies;
b) device seizure;
c) data preservation;
d) data acquisition;
e) data examination and analysis;
f) documentation of all investigation steps;
g) reporting;
h) evaluation and sharing of information with other LEAs; and
i) legal and ethical considerations.
In addition to the process-related issues, the document covers requirements for new curriculum for training of LEA officers, security practitioners and criminal prosecution experts to ensure that the evidence from mobile devices is court-approved across national borders.
It is recognised that national laws and good practices applied at LEAs vary not only between different European countries but also within these countries. This CWA offers a collection of building blocks covering different aspects of mobile forensics allowing for adjustments based on national laws and regulations as well as internal rules and codes of conduct. It allows LEAs from different countries to accommodate their available technical solutions, at the same time offering a standardised collection of procedures and requirements.
It should be explicitly stated that it is not possible to cover all the possible related topics for mobile forensics. Detailed subject matters and specialisms such as Cloud Forensics, Cell Site Analysis, Interception of Communications are excluded. Similarly, the rules and regulations about chain of custody in general, plus guidance for transmission of evidence across national boundaries are excluded from this standards document.
Zahteve in smernice za celotno verigo forenzičnih preiskav mobilnih naprav od začetka do konca
Ta dogovor v okviru delavnice Evropskega odbora za standardizacijo (CWA) se osredotoča na osebje, orodja, postopke ter pravni in etični okvir, značilen za forenziko mobilnih naprav, ter vključuje naslednje teme:
a) kompetence;
b) zaseg naprav;
c) ohranitev podatkov;
d) pridobivanje podatkov;
e) pregled in analiza podatkov;
f) dokumentiranje vseh korakov preiskave;
g) poročanje;
h) vrednotenje in skupna raba informacij z drugimi organi pregona; ter
i) pravni in etični vidiki.
Ta dokument poleg zadev, povezanih s postopki, obravnava tudi zahteve glede novega učnega načrta za usposabljanje uslužbencev organov pregona, varnostnih strokovnjakov in strokovnjakov za kazenski pregon, s čimer se zagotovi veljavnost sodno odobrenih dokazov iz mobilnih naprav tudi zunaj državnih meja.
Znano je, da se nacionalni zakoni in dobre prakse, ki jih uporabljajo organi pregona, razlikujejo ne le med različnimi evropskimi državami, ampak tudi znotraj teh držav. Ta dogovor v okviru delavnice Evropskega odbora za standardizacijo ponuja zbirko gradnikov, ki zajemajo različne vidike forenzike mobilnih naprav, kar omogoča prilagoditve na podlagi nacionalnih zakonov in predpisov ter notranjih pravil in kodeksov ravnanja. Organom pregona iz različnih držav omogoča, da prilagodijo svoje razpoložljive tehnične rešitve ter obenem zagotavlja standardizirano zbirko postopkov in zahtev.
Izrecno naj se navede, da ni mogoče zajeti vseh možnih povezanih tem za forenziko mobilnih naprav. Podrobne tematike in posebne tehnike, kot so forenzika v oblaku, analiza baznih postaj in prestrezanje komunikacij, niso vključene. Podobno so iz tega dokumenta izključeni pravila in predpisi glede verige skrbništva na splošno ter smernice za prenos dokazov prek državnih meja.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST CWA 17865:2022
01-maj-2022
Zahteve in smernice za celotno verigo forenzičnih preiskav mobilnih naprav od
začetka do konca
Requirements and Guidelines for a complete end-to-end mobile forensic investigation
chain
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CWA 17865:2022
ICS:
07.140 Forenzika Forensic science
SIST CWA 17865:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST CWA 17865:2022
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SIST CWA 17865:2022
CEN
CWA 17865
WORKSHOP
March 2022
AGREEMENT
ICS 07.140
English version
Requirements and Guidelines for a complete end-to-end
mobile forensic investigation chain
This CEN Workshop Agreement has been drafted and approved by a Workshop of representatives of interested parties, the
constitution of which is indicated in the foreword of this Workshop Agreement.
The formal process followed by the Workshop in the development of this Workshop Agreement has been endorsed by the
National Members of CEN but neither the National Members of CEN nor the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre can be held
accountable for the technical content of this CEN Workshop Agreement or possible conflicts with standards or legislation.
This CEN Workshop Agreement can in no way be held as being an official standard developed by CEN and its Members.
This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available as a reference document from the CEN Members National Standard Bodies.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No.:CWA 17865:2022 E
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CWA 17865:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Abbreviations . 12
5 Personnel . 13
5.1 Competence . 13
5.2 Impartiality . 14
5.3 Procedural . 14
6 Tools. 14
6.1 Background information . 14
6.2 Overarching Principles related to the selection and use of Mobile Forensic Tools . 15
6.3 Tool Fundamentals . 15
6.4 Methodology . 16
6.5 Tool Selection . 17
6.6 Features . 17
6.6.1 Accessing Data . 17
6.6.2 Decoding Data. 18
6.6.3 Data Integrity . 19
6.6.4 User Knowledge . 19
6.7 Tool Interoperability . 19
6.8 Forensic Tool Log . 20
6.9 Secure Evidential Storage . 20
6.10 Validation and Verification of Tools . 21
6.11 Tool Release Notes . 21
6.12 Risk Register . 22
6.13 Recommendation for an EU Forensic Testing Body. 22
7 Processes . 23
7.1 Background information . 23
7.2 General requirements . 23
7.2.1 Impartiality . 23
7.2.2 Confidentiality . 23
7.2.3 Auditability . 24
7.2.4 Repeatability . 24
7.2.5 Reproducibility . 24
7.2.6 Justifiability . 24
7.2.7 Chain of custody . 25
7.3 Preliminaries . 25
7.4 First response . 26
7.5 Recording . 26
7.6 Labelling . 26
7.7 Packaging . 26
7.8 Item transport and storage. 27
2
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7.9 Lab Work . 27
7.9.1 Initial inspection phase / device identification . 27
7.9.2 Instruction and authorisation . 27
7.9.3 Tool Selection . 27
7.9.4 Acquisition . 27
7.9.5 Decoding / Decryption . 28
7.10 Analysis . 28
7.10.1 Analytical models . 28
7.10.2 Live analysis . 29
7.10.3 Selection of analysis methods . 29
7.11 Verification and Validation . 29
7.11.1 Verification of methods . 29
7.11.2 Validation of methods . 29
7.11.3 Peer Reviews . 29
7.12 Reporting of results . 30
7.12.1 Written reports . 30
7.12.2 Oral reports at court . 30
7.13 Exchange of data and archiving . 31
8 Legal and Ethical Framework . 31
8.1 General Overview . 31
8.2 Governance of the evidentiary proceedings . 36
8.3 Pre-Trial Criminal Proceedings Considerations . 38
8.3.1 Appropriate logging and protocoling. . 38
8.3.2 Criteria to be met when accessing messages, cloud and sensitive documents. . 38
8.3.3 Importance of the different roles in the criminal procedure – suspect, witness,
victim. 38
8.3.4 Scrutinizing tools and review tools and documenting what tools were used . 39
8.3.5 Clear audit trails. 39
8.3.6 Using accessible language to all parties involved in the criminal procedure. 40
8.3.7 Fair trial implications . 40
8.3.8 Judicial overview of the process . 40
8.4 Trial Phase Criminal Proceedings Considerations . 40
8.5 Prevention of mobile forensics dual-use, misuse, and abuse . 41
Annex A (informative) A Good Practice Guide for Mobile Forensic Tool Selection . 44
A.1 Permissibility . 44
A.2 Proportionality . 44
A.3 Validity . 44
A.4 Security . 44
A.5 Processes . 44
A.6 Ethics . 45
Annex B (informative) Mobile Forensic Tool – Checklist for Selection . 46
Annex C (informative) Mobile Forensic Tool – Risk Register . 48
Annex D (informative) Six Steps to Successful to Mobile Validation . 49
D.1 Step 1: Determine all possible extraction methods for the search authority . 49
D.2 Step 2: Process the data in more than one tool . 51
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D.3 Step 3: Deep dive forensics: Where the push button stops and forensic examinations
begin . 52
D.4 Step 4: Validation (Types: Visual, cross-tool, call detail records, CCTV, carving,
replication) . 52
D.5 Step 5: Reporting/Sharing your findings . 53
D.6 Step 6: Education . 54
Annex E (informative) Forensic Information Report Template . 55
E.1 General . 55
E.2 Forensic Information Report . 55
7.3 Analysis Interpretation . 62
7.4 Review and Validation . 62
Annex F (informative) Governance implications of the use of Artificial Intelligence in
mobile forensics . 64
Bibliography . 65
4
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European foreword
This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA 17865:2022) has been developed in accordance with the CEN-
CENELEC Guide 29 “CEN/CENELEC Workshop Agreements – A rapid way to standardization” and with
the relevant provisions of CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations - Part 2. It was approved by a Workshop
of representatives of interested parties on 2022-02-22, the constitution of which was supported by CEN
following the public call for participation made on 2021-01-28. However, this CEN Workshop Agreement
does not necessarily include all relevant stakeholders.
The final text of this CEN Workshop Agreement was provided to CEN for publication on 2022-03-01.
Results incorporated in this CWA received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under grant agreement No 832800 (project FORMOBILE).
The following organizations and individuals developed and approved this CEN Workshop Agreement:
1. Agentur für Innovation in der Cybersicherheit (Germany)
2. APWG European Union Foundation (Spain)
3. Athena Research Centre (Greece)
4. CCL-Forensics Ltd (UK)
5. Cellebrite (Israel)
6. Central Office for Information Technology in the Security Sector (Germany)
7. COMISARIA GENERAL DE POLICÍA CIENTÍFICA - DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE LA POLICÍA (Spain)
8. DigiFors GmbH (Germany)
9. Dr. Malvika Mehta (consultant)
10. East Midlands Special Operations Unit (UK)
11. Europol
12. Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (Greece)
13. Home Office (UK)
14. International Justice Analysis Forum (Germany)
15. Kriminalistika OÜ (Estonia)
16. Law and Internet Foundation (Bulgaria)
17. Magnet Forensics (Canada)
18. Malta Police Force (Malta)
19. Mittweida University of Applied Sciences (Germany)
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20. MSAB (Sweden)
21. Netherlands Forensic Institute (The Netherlands)
22. Norwegian Police University College (Norway)
23. Polish Platform of Homeland Security (Poland)
24. Stadtpolizei Zürich (Switzerland)
25. StAG srl (Italy)
26. Timelex (Belgium)
27. University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Australia)
28. University of Lausanne, Ecole des Sciences Criminelles (Switzerland)
29. University of South Wales, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science (UK)
30. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, Department for Information and
Communication Traffic (Croatia)
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some elements of this document may be subject to patent rights.
CENCENELEC policy on patent rights is described in CEN-CENELEC Guide 8 “Guidelines for
Implementation of the Common IPR Policy on Patent”. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all such patent rights.
Although the Workshop parties have made every effort to ensure the reliability and accuracy of technical
and nontechnical descriptions, the Workshop is not able to guarantee, explicitly or implicitly, the
correctness of this document. Anyone who applies this CEN Workshop Agreement shall be aware that
neither the Workshop, nor CEN, can be held liable for damages or losses of any kind whatsoever. The use
of this CEN Workshop Agreement does not relieve users of their responsibility for their own actions, and
they apply this document at their own risk. The CEN Workshop Agreement should not be construed as
legal advice authoritatively endorsed by CEN/CENELEC.
This CWA has been proposed by the FORMOBILE European Project (funding from the European
Commission’s Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014 - 2020)
under Grant Agreement No 832800).
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Introduction
Mobile devices, especially smartphones represent a unique challenge for law enforcement. Due to their
wide use, they underpin many criminal investigations. For instance, one may find critical evidence in a
smartphone of a victim who is in no position to unlock the device. Moreover, criminal offenders,
organised crime and terrorist organisations use mobile devices for various purposes, which introduces
many challenges for criminal prosecution. Determining how the data got onto the mobile device is not
always simple as these devices often sync and share data with other digital media and cloud services. Law
enforcement need not only to access the data stored on mobile devices, but also provide it as court
evidence in a trustworthy and reliable manner.
The overarching objective of Horizon 2020 project FORMOBILE is to establish a complete end-to-end
forensic investigation chain that targets mobile devices and includes an appropriate standard. Adherence
to the standards during all steps of investigation in this field is of critical importance for the evidence
being regarded as reliable and acceptable to the court. Development of such a standard is of the utmost
importance to secure the successful outcome of an investigation. Despite the relatively large number of
standards and non-formal standardisation documents, relevant for IT security and digital investigation,
there is a lack of specific standards for mobile forensics in general and especially in the areas, relevant
for the FORMOBILE project.
Several European and international standardisation bodies work on the standardisation in the area of
1)
digital forensics, including ISO and IEC , NIST, ETSI and ASTM. The standards, developed by these
organisations do not explicitly address the topic of mobile forensics in digital investigations. This
standard is aimed to complement existing standards from these organisations. Currently, they are only
partly relevant for the FORMOBILE Project and do not provide a holistic approach to the processes of
mobile forensics. A significant amount of the reference documents, used as standards in mobile forensics,
are best practices and guidelines.
There are current policies and initiatives at national, European as well as international level to introduce
consistent and generally accepted standards for mobile forensics within the forensic community. This
may benefit all users of the criminal justice system including members of the public as well as legal and
forensic practitioners. This CWA can be immediately applied by Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) and
serve as a forerunner for a new European Standard in mobile forensics.
Several European initiatives and regulations, relevant for the area of digital investigations, includes the
Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime (The Council of Europe, 2001), Directive of the European
Parliament and of the Council regarding the European Investigation Order (Council, 2014), INTERPOL
Global guidelines for digital forensics laboratories (INTERPOL, 2019).
In Europe, there is no unified legal framework for the processes of acquisition, collection, processing,
storage or exchange of digital data, which may result in evidence acceptable to the courts of law in
different countries. Within these countries, the processes usually conform to national law and
regulations, but those regulations and laws may not be consistent or enable transfer for evidential
purposes between countries. Despite mutual recognition, implemented across various countries, a lot of
issues remain open that allow judges to determine the admissibility of electronic data as evidence.
There is a growing need for LEAs and other organisations dealing with mobile forensics to have a
consistent European standard which ensures that evidence presented for the court are regarded as
reliable. This is extremely important for unification of the investigative process across law enforcement
1)
This includes ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection, incl. ISO/IEC
27037:2012 Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for identification, collection, acquisition
and preservation of digital evidence; ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 Biometrics; ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 40 IT Service Management
and IT Governance.
7
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in different countries and for a successful outcome of the investigation. LEAs, national and international
forensic laboratories of different levels, organisations working in the area of mobile forensics as well as
independent experts are among the beneficiaries of this CEN Workshop.
As such, the primary purpose of this document is to provide recommendations for a complete forensic
investigation chain targeting mobile devices that covers good practices for the mobile phone forensic
chain, tools for the acquisition, recovery, analysis and visualisation of data, as well as the necessary
training required to effectively use the new tools and successfully follow the good practices. These broad
topics are covered in the following clauses addressing the three areas of critical importance: Personnel
(Clause 5), Tools (Clause 6) and Processes (Clause 7).
This CWA seeks to document good practice guidance for the correct and necessary processes,
competencies and methods required to ensure the admissibility of the evidence. It provides a set of
guidelines that fit within the wider context of digital forensic investigations for law enforcement in
general at the level of specificity, necessary to keep these guidelines meaningful, whilst simultaneously
avoiding such detail that make them quickly obsolete.
The guidance in this document is designed to specifically address the specialism of mobile forensics. It is
intended to be complementary to existing related standards within the digital forensics sphere. It is not
intended to replace or override existing guidance or good practice specific to other digital forensics areas.
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1 Scope
This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) focuses on the Personnel, Tools, Processes and Legal and Ethical
framework specific for mobile forensics and including the following topics:
a) Competencies;
b) device seizure;
c) data preservation;
d) data acquisition;
e) data examination and analysis;
f) documentation of all investigation steps;
g) reporting;
h) evaluation and sharing of information with other LEAs; and
i) legal and ethical considerations.
In addition to the process-related issues, the document covers requirements for new curriculum for
training of LEA officers, security practitioners and criminal prosecution experts to ensure that the
evidence from mobile devices is court-approved across national borders.
It is recognised that national laws and good practices applied at LEAs vary not only between different
European countries but also within these countries. This CWA offers a collection of building blocks
covering different aspects of mobile forensics allowing for adjustments based on national laws and
regulations as well as internal rules and codes of conduct.
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CWA 17865:2022
01-maj-2022
Zahteve in smernice za celotno verigo forenzičnih preiskav mobilnih naprav od
začetka do konca
Requirements and Guidelines for a complete end-to-end mobile forensic investigation
chain
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CWA 17865:2022
ICS:
07.140 Forenzika Forensic science
SIST-TP CWA 17865:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST-TP CWA 17865:2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST-TP CWA 17865:2022
CEN
CWA 17865
WORKSHOP
March 2022
AGREEMENT
ICS 07.140
English version
Requirements and Guidelines for a complete end-to-end
mobile forensic investigation chain
This CEN Workshop Agreement has been drafted and approved by a Workshop of representatives of interested parties, the
constitution of which is indicated in the foreword of this Workshop Agreement.
The formal process followed by the Workshop in the development of this Workshop Agreement has been endorsed by the
National Members of CEN but neither the National Members of CEN nor the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre can be held
accountable for the technical content of this CEN Workshop Agreement or possible conflicts with standards or legislation.
This CEN Workshop Agreement can in no way be held as being an official standard developed by CEN and its Members.
This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available as a reference document from the CEN Members National Standard Bodies.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No.:CWA 17865:2022 E
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SIST-TP CWA 17865:2022
CWA 17865:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Abbreviations . 12
5 Personnel . 13
5.1 Competence . 13
5.2 Impartiality . 14
5.3 Procedural . 14
6 Tools. 14
6.1 Background information . 14
6.2 Overarching Principles related to the selection and use of Mobile Forensic Tools . 15
6.3 Tool Fundamentals . 15
6.4 Methodology . 16
6.5 Tool Selection . 17
6.6 Features . 17
6.6.1 Accessing Data . 17
6.6.2 Decoding Data. 18
6.6.3 Data Integrity . 19
6.6.4 User Knowledge . 19
6.7 Tool Interoperability . 19
6.8 Forensic Tool Log . 20
6.9 Secure Evidential Storage . 20
6.10 Validation and Verification of Tools . 21
6.11 Tool Release Notes . 21
6.12 Risk Register . 22
6.13 Recommendation for an EU Forensic Testing Body. 22
7 Processes . 23
7.1 Background information . 23
7.2 General requirements . 23
7.2.1 Impartiality . 23
7.2.2 Confidentiality . 23
7.2.3 Auditability . 24
7.2.4 Repeatability . 24
7.2.5 Reproducibility . 24
7.2.6 Justifiability . 24
7.2.7 Chain of custody . 25
7.3 Preliminaries . 25
7.4 First response . 26
7.5 Recording . 26
7.6 Labelling . 26
7.7 Packaging . 26
7.8 Item transport and storage. 27
2
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7.9 Lab Work . 27
7.9.1 Initial inspection phase / device identification . 27
7.9.2 Instruction and authorisation . 27
7.9.3 Tool Selection . 27
7.9.4 Acquisition . 27
7.9.5 Decoding / Decryption . 28
7.10 Analysis . 28
7.10.1 Analytical models . 28
7.10.2 Live analysis . 29
7.10.3 Selection of analysis methods . 29
7.11 Verification and Validation . 29
7.11.1 Verification of methods . 29
7.11.2 Validation of methods . 29
7.11.3 Peer Reviews . 29
7.12 Reporting of results . 30
7.12.1 Written reports . 30
7.12.2 Oral reports at court . 30
7.13 Exchange of data and archiving . 31
8 Legal and Ethical Framework . 31
8.1 General Overview . 31
8.2 Governance of the evidentiary proceedings . 36
8.3 Pre-Trial Criminal Proceedings Considerations . 38
8.3.1 Appropriate logging and protocoling. . 38
8.3.2 Criteria to be met when accessing messages, cloud and sensitive documents. . 38
8.3.3 Importance of the different roles in the criminal procedure – suspect, witness,
victim. 38
8.3.4 Scrutinizing tools and review tools and documenting what tools were used . 39
8.3.5 Clear audit trails. 39
8.3.6 Using accessible language to all parties involved in the criminal procedure. 40
8.3.7 Fair trial implications . 40
8.3.8 Judicial overview of the process . 40
8.4 Trial Phase Criminal Proceedings Considerations . 40
8.5 Prevention of mobile forensics dual-use, misuse, and abuse . 41
Annex A (informative) A Good Practice Guide for Mobile Forensic Tool Selection . 44
A.1 Permissibility . 44
A.2 Proportionality . 44
A.3 Validity . 44
A.4 Security . 44
A.5 Processes . 44
A.6 Ethics . 45
Annex B (informative) Mobile Forensic Tool – Checklist for Selection . 46
Annex C (informative) Mobile Forensic Tool – Risk Register . 48
Annex D (informative) Six Steps to Successful to Mobile Validation . 49
D.1 Step 1: Determine all possible extraction methods for the search authority . 49
D.2 Step 2: Process the data in more than one tool . 51
3
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D.3 Step 3: Deep dive forensics: Where the push button stops and forensic examinations
begin . 52
D.4 Step 4: Validation (Types: Visual, cross-tool, call detail records, CCTV, carving,
replication) . 52
D.5 Step 5: Reporting/Sharing your findings . 53
D.6 Step 6: Education . 54
Annex E (informative) Forensic Information Report Template . 55
E.1 General . 55
E.2 Forensic Information Report . 55
7.3 Analysis Interpretation . 62
7.4 Review and Validation . 62
Annex F (informative) Governance implications of the use of Artificial Intelligence in
mobile forensics . 64
Bibliography . 65
4
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SIST-TP CWA 17865:2022
CWA 17865:2022 (E)
European foreword
This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA 17865:2022) has been developed in accordance with the CEN-
CENELEC Guide 29 “CEN/CENELEC Workshop Agreements – A rapid way to standardization” and with
the relevant provisions of CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations - Part 2. It was approved by a Workshop
of representatives of interested parties on 2022-02-22, the constitution of which was supported by CEN
following the public call for participation made on 2021-01-28. However, this CEN Workshop Agreement
does not necessarily include all relevant stakeholders.
The final text of this CEN Workshop Agreement was provided to CEN for publication on 2022-03-01.
Results incorporated in this CWA received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under grant agreement No 832800 (project FORMOBILE).
The following organizations and individuals developed and approved this CEN Workshop Agreement:
1. Agentur für Innovation in der Cybersicherheit (Germany)
2. APWG European Union Foundation (Spain)
3. Athena Research Centre (Greece)
4. CCL-Forensics Ltd (UK)
5. Cellebrite (Israel)
6. Central Office for Information Technology in the Security Sector (Germany)
7. COMISARIA GENERAL DE POLICÍA CIENTÍFICA - DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE LA POLICÍA (Spain)
8. DigiFors GmbH (Germany)
9. Dr. Malvika Mehta (consultant)
10. East Midlands Special Operations Unit (UK)
11. Europol
12. Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (Greece)
13. Home Office (UK)
14. International Justice Analysis Forum (Germany)
15. Kriminalistika OÜ (Estonia)
16. Law and Internet Foundation (Bulgaria)
17. Magnet Forensics (Canada)
18. Malta Police Force (Malta)
19. Mittweida University of Applied Sciences (Germany)
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20. MSAB (Sweden)
21. Netherlands Forensic Institute (The Netherlands)
22. Norwegian Police University College (Norway)
23. Polish Platform of Homeland Security (Poland)
24. Stadtpolizei Zürich (Switzerland)
25. StAG srl (Italy)
26. Timelex (Belgium)
27. University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Australia)
28. University of Lausanne, Ecole des Sciences Criminelles (Switzerland)
29. University of South Wales, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science (UK)
30. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences, Department for Information and
Communication Traffic (Croatia)
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some elements of this document may be subject to patent rights.
CENCENELEC policy on patent rights is described in CEN-CENELEC Guide 8 “Guidelines for
Implementation of the Common IPR Policy on Patent”. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all such patent rights.
Although the Workshop parties have made every effort to ensure the reliability and accuracy of technical
and nontechnical descriptions, the Workshop is not able to guarantee, explicitly or implicitly, the
correctness of this document. Anyone who applies this CEN Workshop Agreement shall be aware that
neither the Workshop, nor CEN, can be held liable for damages or losses of any kind whatsoever. The use
of this CEN Workshop Agreement does not relieve users of their responsibility for their own actions, and
they apply this document at their own risk. The CEN Workshop Agreement should not be construed as
legal advice authoritatively endorsed by CEN/CENELEC.
This CWA has been proposed by the FORMOBILE European Project (funding from the European
Commission’s Horizon 2020 – The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014 - 2020)
under Grant Agreement No 832800).
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Introduction
Mobile devices, especially smartphones represent a unique challenge for law enforcement. Due to their
wide use, they underpin many criminal investigations. For instance, one may find critical evidence in a
smartphone of a victim who is in no position to unlock the device. Moreover, criminal offenders,
organised crime and terrorist organisations use mobile devices for various purposes, which introduces
many challenges for criminal prosecution. Determining how the data got onto the mobile device is not
always simple as these devices often sync and share data with other digital media and cloud services. Law
enforcement need not only to access the data stored on mobile devices, but also provide it as court
evidence in a trustworthy and reliable manner.
The overarching objective of Horizon 2020 project FORMOBILE is to establish a complete end-to-end
forensic investigation chain that targets mobile devices and includes an appropriate standard. Adherence
to the standards during all steps of investigation in this field is of critical importance for the evidence
being regarded as reliable and acceptable to the court. Development of such a standard is of the utmost
importance to secure the successful outcome of an investigation. Despite the relatively large number of
standards and non-formal standardisation documents, relevant for IT security and digital investigation,
there is a lack of specific standards for mobile forensics in general and especially in the areas, relevant
for the FORMOBILE project.
Several European and international standardisation bodies work on the standardisation in the area of
1)
digital forensics, including ISO and IEC , NIST, ETSI and ASTM. The standards, developed by these
organisations do not explicitly address the topic of mobile forensics in digital investigations. This
standard is aimed to complement existing standards from these organisations. Currently, they are only
partly relevant for the FORMOBILE Project and do not provide a holistic approach to the processes of
mobile forensics. A significant amount of the reference documents, used as standards in mobile forensics,
are best practices and guidelines.
There are current policies and initiatives at national, European as well as international level to introduce
consistent and generally accepted standards for mobile forensics within the forensic community. This
may benefit all users of the criminal justice system including members of the public as well as legal and
forensic practitioners. This CWA can be immediately applied by Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) and
serve as a forerunner for a new European Standard in mobile forensics.
Several European initiatives and regulations, relevant for the area of digital investigations, includes the
Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime (The Council of Europe, 2001), Directive of the European
Parliament and of the Council regarding the European Investigation Order (Council, 2014), INTERPOL
Global guidelines for digital forensics laboratories (INTERPOL, 2019).
In Europe, there is no unified legal framework for the processes of acquisition, collection, processing,
storage or exchange of digital data, which may result in evidence acceptable to the courts of law in
different countries. Within these countries, the processes usually conform to national law and
regulations, but those regulations and laws may not be consistent or enable transfer for evidential
purposes between countries. Despite mutual recognition, implemented across various countries, a lot of
issues remain open that allow judges to determine the admissibility of electronic data as evidence.
There is a growing need for LEAs and other organisations dealing with mobile forensics to have a
consistent European standard which ensures that evidence presented for the court are regarded as
reliable. This is extremely important for unification of the investigative process across law enforcement
1)
This includes ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection, incl. ISO/IEC
27037:2012 Information technology — Security techniques — Guidelines for identification, collection, acquisition
and preservation of digital evidence; ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 Biometrics; ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 40 IT Service Management
and IT Governance.
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in different countries and for a successful outcome of the investigation. LEAs, national and international
forensic laboratories of different levels, organisations working in the area of mobile forensics as well as
independent experts are among the beneficiaries of this CEN Workshop.
As such, the primary purpose of this document is to provide recommendations for a complete forensic
investigation chain targeting mobile devices that covers good practices for the mobile phone forensic
chain, tools for the acquisition, recovery, analysis and visualisation of data, as well as the necessary
training required to effectively use the new tools and successfully follow the good practices. These broad
topics are covered in the following clauses addressing the three areas of critical importance: Personnel
(Clause 5), Tools (Clause 6) and Processes (Clause 7).
This CWA seeks to document good practice guidance for the correct and necessary processes,
competencies and methods required to ensure the admissibility of the evidence. It provides a set of
guidelines that fit within the wider context of digital forensic investigations for law enforcement in
general at the level of specificity, necessary to keep these guidelines meaningful, whilst simultaneously
avoiding such detail that make them quickly obsolete.
The guidance in this document is designed to specifically address the specialism of mobile forensics. It is
intended to be complementary to existing related standards within the digital forensics sphere. It is not
intended to replace or override existing guidance or good practice specific to other digital forensics areas.
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1 Scope
This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) focuses on the Personnel, Tools, Processes and Legal and Ethical
framework specific for mobile forensics and including the following topics:
a) Competencies;
b) device seizure;
c) data preservation;
d) data acquisition;
e) data examination and analysis;
f) documentation of all investigation steps;
g) reporting;
h) evaluation and sharing of information with other LEAs; and
i) legal and ethical considerations.
In addition to the process-related issues, the document covers requirements for new curriculum for
training of LEA officers, security practitioners and criminal prosecution experts to ensure that the
evidence from mobile devices is court-approved across national borders.
It is recognised that national laws and good practices applied at LEAs vary not only between different
European countries but also within these countries. This CWA offers a collection of building blocks
covering different aspects of mobile forensics allowing for adjustments based on national laws and
regulations as well as i
...
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