SIST EN 13554:2004
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission - General principles
Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission - General principles
This standard defines the general principles required for the acoustic emission (AE) testing of industrial structures, components, and different materials under stress and for harsh environment, in order to provide a defined and repeatable performance. It includes guide lines for the preparation of application documents, which describe the specific requirements for the application of the AE method.
Unless otherwise specified in the referencing documents, the minimum requirements of this standard are applicable.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Schallemissionsprüfung - Allgemeine Grundlagen
Diese Europäische Norm legt die allgemeinen Grundlagen fest, deren Beachtung erforderlich ist, um Schallemissions-(AE)-Prüfungen an indistruellen Strukturen, Komponenten und an unterschiedlichen, belasteten Werkstoffen, in definierter und wiederholbar Weise durchzuführen. Sie beinhaltet Richtlinien für die Vorbereitung von Anwendungsunterlagen, die die spezifischen Erfordernisse für die Anwendung der AE-Analyse beschreiben. Sofern in den in Bezug genommenen Dokumenten nicht anders festgelegt, sind die Mindestenforderungen dieser Norm anwendbar.
Essais non destructifs - Emission acoustique - Principes généraux
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les principes généraux requis pour l'examen par émission acoustique (AE) de structures, composants et autres matériaux industriels soumis a des contraintes et a des environnements agressifs, en vue de fournir un résultat bien défini et reproductible. Elle contient les lignes directrices de la préparation des documents d'application qui décrivent les conditions requises spécifiques a l'application de la méthode d'émission acoustique.
Sauf dispositions contraires spécifiées dans les documents de référence, les prescriptions minimales de la présente norme sont applicables.
Neporušitveno preskušanje – Akustična emisija – Splošna načela
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Schallemissionsprüfung - Allgemeine GrundlagenEssais non destructifs - Emission acoustique - Principes générauxNon-destructive testing - Acoustic emission - General principles19.100Neporušitveno preskušanjeNon-destructive testingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13554:2002SIST EN 13554:2004en01-marec-2004SIST EN 13554:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 13554:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13554April 2002ICS 19.100English versionNon-destructive testing - Acoustic emission - General principlesEssais non destructifs - Emission acoustique - PrincipesgénérauxZerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Schallemissionsprüfung -Allgemeine GrundlagenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 December 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13554:2002 ESIST EN 13554:2004
EN 13554:2002 (E)2ContentspageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44Personnel qualification.45Principle of the acoustic emission method.45.1The acoustic emission (AE) phenomenon.45.2Advantages and features of AE.55.3Limitations of AE.66Applications of the acoustic emission method.67Instrumentation.77.1AE sensors.77.2Signal Conditioning and processing.87.3Settings.88Examination.98.1Preliminary information.98.2Preliminary preparation.98.3Site preparations.108.4Data acquisition and on-line analysis.108.5Presentation of results.118.6Subsequent operations.119Data Analysis.129.1Source evaluation.129.2Grading.129.3Post examination analysis.1210Examination Procedure.1311Examination report.13Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or otherprovisions of EU directives.15SIST EN 13554:2004
EN 13554:2002 (E)3ForewordThis document EN 13554:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 "Non-destructive testing",the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by October 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby October 2002.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the EuropeanFree Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 13554:2004
EN 13554:2002 (E)41 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the general principles required for the acoustic emission (AE) testing of industrialstructures, components, and different materials under stress and for harsh environment, in order to provide a definedand repeatable performance. It includes guide lines for the preparation of application documents, which describe thespecific requirements for the application of the AE method.Unless otherwise specified in the referencing documents, the minimum requirements of this standard are applicable.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provision from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For datedreferences, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard onlywhen incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referredto applies (including amendments).EN 1330-1, Non destructive testing - Terminology - Part 1: List of general terms.EN 1330-2, Non destructive testing - Terminology - Part 2: Terms common to the non destructive testing methods.EN 1330-9, Non destructive testing - Terminology - Part 9: Terms used in Acoustic Emission testing.EN 473, Non-destructive testing – Qualification and certification of NDT personnel - General principles.EN 13477-2, Non-destructive testing – Acoustic emission – Equipment characterisation – Part 2: Verification ofoperating characteristic.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions of EN 1330-1, EN 1330-2 and EN 1330-9 apply.4 Personnel qualificationIt is assumed that emission testing is performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order to prove this qualification,it is recommended to certify the personnel in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent.NOTEFor pressure equipment see directive 97/23/EC, annex I, 3.1.3 : " For pressure equipment in categories III and IV,the personnel must be approved by a third-party organization recognized by a Member State."5 Principle of the acoustic emission method5.1 The acoustic emission (AE) phenomenonAcoustic emission is a physical phenomenon occurring within materials, and the term Acoustic Emission is used todefine the spontaneous elastic energy released within a material or by a process, in the form of transient elastic waves.The application of load or harsh environment in a material produces internal modifications such as crack growth, localplastic deformation, corrosion and phase changes which are generally accompanied by the emission of elastic wavesin materials. These waves therefore contain information on the internal behaviour of the material.SIST EN 13554:2004
EN 13554:2002 (E)5The waves are detected by the use of a suitable sensor that converts the surface movements of the material into anelectric signal. These signals are processed by appropriate instrumentation to detect, characterize and locate the AEsources. Figure 1 shows the schematic principle of AE.Key1Growing discontinuity5Signal out2Surface waves6Section view of the component material3Preamplifier7Wave packet4AE sensor8Applied load inducing stressFigure 1 - Schematic principle of Acoustic Emission and its detection5.2Advantages and features of AEThe AE method has the following features: it is a passive detection method that monitors the dynamic response on the material to the applied load; it allows detection of sources, depending of the materials properties, up to several meters distance; it allows a 100 % monitoring; it is sensitive to defect growth and changes in the material structure rather than to the presence of staticdefects; it is non invasive; it offers a dynamic real time monitoring of any discontinuity that grows under the applied stress; it can be applied to monitor the structures during operating conditions; it can be used to prevent catastrophic failure of structures and control the effects of the application of load; it is capable of locating a growing discontinuity in the structure under test by the use of remotely installedsensors.SIST EN 13554:2004
EN 13554:2002 (E)6The AE method can be applied only if the materials in the structures or components are adequately stressed.The difference between AE and most NDT methods stems from the above features. It is the material itself that releasesthe energy in consequence of structural degradation due to different source mechanisms. This is different to detectingexisting geometrical discontinuities in a static condition.AE is a method which points out the presence and location of an evolving degradation process under a given stimulus.5.3Limitations of AELimitations of the AE method are: non growing discontinuities generally will not generate AE signals; subsequent application of load to the same stress level will only identify discontinuities which are still active(this is a reversible phenomenon known as Kaiser effect); it is sensitive to the presence of process noise.Prior to performing an AE test, it is very important to check for the presence of potential noise sources. Noise sourcesshould be removed or action taken to insure they do not reduce the effectiveness of the AE examination.6 Applications of the acoustic emission methodAE it is applied at different phases of product life: manufacturing; acceptance test; initial proof test; requalification tests; in service monitoring; leak detection.It is applied to: pressure equipment; pipe systems; storage tanks; structures; components; machinery.These examples concern predominantly metallic materials but this method applies also to composites, ceramics,concrete, etc.SIST EN 13554:2004
EN 13554:2002 (E)77 InstrumentationThe AE instrumentation shall fulfil the requirements of EN 13477-2 and the performance shall be checkedperiodically in accordance with this standard.7.1 AE sensorsDetection is the most important part of an AE chain because any problem here (poor acoustical coupling, badinstallation, incorrect frequency selection, cable mismatching, etc.) affects the rest of the measurements and hence theresults.7.1.1 AE sensor
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