oSIST prEN 17948:2023
(Main)Maintenance function and management
Maintenance function and management
This European standard describes the main content of Maintenance Functions and Sub Functions/Areas gathering up the various main recommended activities, Standard, competences, methodologies and practices, in order to build an advanced organizational Maintenance Model to achieve the following activities:
- to maintain the required integrity of physical for the sustainable life
- to achieve the required Operational Availability of the installed capacity
- to optimize the ratio "Service Level versus Total Maintenance Costs"
- to increase the extension life with suitable conservatives and preventives maintenance and improving actions;
- to adopt Enabling Technologies of Maintenance
- to keep up to date the Maintenance Culture in the Company.
These purposes can be tailored and limited by the external and internal influencing factors
Instandhaltungsfunktion und -management
Dieses Dokument beschreibt den wesentlichen Inhalt des Instandhaltungsmanagements und die Haupttätigkeiten, für die das Instandhaltungsmanagement verantwortlich ist.
Das Dokument ist als Anleitung für Instandhaltungsmanager und Anlagenmanager vorgesehen, die für die Instandhaltung von Objekten in industriellen Bereichen (sowohl im verarbeitenden Sektor als auch im Dienstleistungsbereich) und von Infrastrukturen/Gebäuden verantwortlich sind, um die Erfolgsfaktoren der Organisationen zu erreichen.
Fonction maintenance et management de la maintenance
Le présent document décrit le contenu essentiel du management de la maintenance ainsi que les activités principales sous la responsabilité du management de la maintenance.
Le présent document est destiné à guider les responsables de la maintenance et les gestionnaires d’actifs en charge de la maintenance des biens dans des secteurs industriels (construction et services) et dans des infrastructures/bâtiments afin de permettre la réalisation des facteurs de réussite dans les organisations.
Funkcija in vodenje vzdrževanja
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17948:2023
01-april-2023
Funkcija in vodenje vzdrževanja
Maintenance function and management
Instandhaltungsfunktion und -management
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17948
ICS:
03.080.10 Vzdrževalne storitve. Maintenance services.
Upravljanje objektov Facilities management
oSIST prEN 17948:2023 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17948:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17948
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2023
ICS 03.080.10
English Version
Maintenance function and management
Instandhaltungsfunktion und -management
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 319.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17948:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Maintenance framework . 9
4.1 Maintenance contributions and challenges . 9
4.2 Maintenance types . 9
4.3 Maintenance process .10
4.4 Maintenance requirements during the life cycle of physical asset .11
4.5 Influencing factors .12
5 Maintenance management .13
5.1 Maintenance objectives .13
5.2 Maintenance policy and strategy .13
5.2.1 Maintenance approaches acting on the items .13
5.2.2 Maintenance policy .14
5.2.3 Maintenance strategy .14
5.2.4 Maintenance level .15
5.2.5 Maintenance echelon .16
5.3 Maintenance management process .16
5.4 Maintenance organization and maintenance functions .17
5.5 Interaction of maintenance with the other functions of organizations .18
5.5.1 General .18
5.5.2 Interactions between maintenance and the other functions .19
Annex A (informative) Standards for maintenance (CEN/TC 319 Maintenance AHG) .22
Annex B (informative) Levels of maintenance — Examples .25
Bibliography .30
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European foreword
This document (prEN 17948:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 319
“Maintenance”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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Introduction
This document is part of a set of maintenance standards produced by CEN/TC 319 where it holds a central
place because it introduces maintenance, its organization and management and establishes close links
with the other standards of CEN/TC 319. Annex A presents the framework and an overview of the
available CEN/TC 319 maintenance standards divided into four groups: Common basis, Management,
Methodologies, and Resources. This document belongs to the Management group.
Maintenance is a set of activities that requires effective management able to anticipate, react quickly to
events, and adapt to business changes. It has an essential role in controlling plant safety and occupational
and environmental risks as well as ensuring the competitiveness and the durability of organisations and
companies.
Therefore, the importance of effective maintenance management is major, and this document gives
guidelines for maintenance managers to develop a process contributing to the success factors defined by
the managing board. It is based on the existing European standards and, in particular, those which
describe the role of maintenance within asset management, the maintenance processes and their inter-
relationships, the maintenance of buildings and infrastructures, maintenance key performance
indicators, maintenance support processes such as documentation, contracts, qualification of
maintenance personnel, etc.
This document is intended to help maintenance managers develop the maintenance management process
in its various aspects (maintenance policy, maintenance objectives, maintenance strategy, internal/
outsourced activities, organization of functions, job profiles and responsibilities, budgets, supervision of
maintenance activities, communication, and continuous improvement).
Annex B describes examples of levels of maintenance.
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1 Scope
This document describes the main content of maintenance management and the main activities for which
maintenance management is responsible.
The document is intended to guide maintenance managers and asset managers in charge of maintenance
of items in industrial sectors (both manufacturing and services) and infrastructures/buildings in order
to achieve the success factors of the organizations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 17007:2017, Maintenance process and associated indicators
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
item
part, component, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment or system that can be individually
described and considered
Note 1 to entry: A number of items e.g., a population of items, or a sample, may itself be considered as an item.
Note 2 to entry: An item may consist of hardware, software or both.
Note 3 to entry: Software consists of programs, procedures, rules, documentation, and data of an information
processing system.
[SOURCE: EN 13306:2017, definition 3.1]
3.2
physical asset
item that has potential or actual value to an organization
Note 1 to entry: Examples of physical assets are components, machines, plants, buildings, infrastructures, etc.
[SOURCE: EN 13306:2017, definition 3.2]
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3.3
maintenance
combination of all technical, administrative and managerial actions during the life cycle of an item
intended to retain it in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform the required function
Note 1 to entry: Technical maintenance actions include observation and analyses of the item state (e.g., inspection,
monitoring, testing, diagnosis, prognosis, etc.) and active maintenance actions (e.g., repair, refurbishment).
Note 2 to entry: See also the definitions of improvement and modification.
[SOURCE: EN 13306:2017, definition 2.1]
3.4
maintenance management
all activities of the management that determine the maintenance requirements, objectives, strategies and
responsibilities, and implementation of them by such means as maintenance planning, maintenance
control, and the improvement of maintenance activities and economics
[SOURCE: EN 13306:2017, definition 2.2]
3.5
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an intended result
[SOURCE: EN ISO 9000:2015, definition 3.4.1]
3.6
maintenance function
role and responsibility entrusted to entities within an organization for achieving maintenance objectives
3.7
maintenance policy
definition of the maintenance objectives, line of maintenance, indenture levels, maintenance levels,
maintenance support, and their interrelationships
Note 1 to entry: The maintenance policy provides the basis for maintenance planning, determining supportability
requirements, and developing logistic support.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015]
3.8
maintenance strategy
management method used in order to achieve the maintenance objectives
EXAMPLE Outsourcing of maintenance, allocation of resources, etc.
[SOURCE: EN 13306:2017, definition 2.4]
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3.9
life cycle
series of stages through which an item goes, from its conception to disposal
EXAMPLE A typical system lifecycle consists of acquisition, operation, maintenance, modernization,
decommissioning and/or disposal.
Note 1 to entry: The stages identified will vary with the application.
[SOURCE: EN 13306:2017, definition 4.18]
3.10
sustainable development
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs
[SOURCE: UN Brundtland Commission report, 1987]
3.11
indenture level
level of sub-division within an item hierarchy
EXAMPLE System, subsystem and component.
Note 1 to entry: From the maintenance perspective, the indenture level depends on the complexity of the item's
construction, the accessibility to sub-items, skill level of maintenance personnel, test equipment facilities, safety
considerations, etc.
[SOURCE: EN 13306:2017, definition 3.7]
3.12
line of maintenance
maintenance echelon
position in an organization where specified levels of maintenance are to be carried out on an item
EXAMPLE Field (first line maintenance), workshop (second line maintenance) and manufacturer (third line
maintenance).
Note 1 to entry: The lines of maintenance are characterized by the skill required of the personnel, the facilities
available, the location, the complexity of the maintenance task, etc.
[SOURCE: EN 13306:2017, definition 10.3]
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3.13
maintenance level
maintenance task categorization by complexity
EXAMPLES
— Level 1 is characterized by simple actions carried out with minimal training.
— Level 2 is characterized by basic actions which have to be carried out by qualified personnel using detailed
procedures.
— Level 3 is characterized by complex actions carried out by qualified technical personnel using detailed
procedures.
— Level 4 is characterized by actions which imply the know-how of a technique or a technology and carried
out by specialized technical personnel.
— Level 5 is characterized by actions which imply a knowledge held by the manufacturer or a specialized
company with industrial logistic support equipment.
Note 1 to entry: The maintenance level may be related to the indenture level.
[SOURCE: EN 13306:2017, definition 7.18]
3.14
competence
proven ability to use knowledge, skills, and personal, social and/or methodological abilities, in work or
study situations and in professional and personal development
Note 1 to entry: Competence is described in terms of responsibility and autonomy.
[SOURCE: EN 15628:2014, definition 3.1]
3.15
indicator
quantitative or qualitative measure of a characteristic or a set of characteristics of a phenomenon or
performance of activities, according to defined criteria or a given formula or questionnaire
Note 1 to entry: The indicator is a tool for development and implementation of a strategy for monitoring progress
towards the goals outlined in the strategy.
[SOURCE: EN 15341:2019+A1:2022, definition 3.3]
3.16
scorecard
set of associated, consistent, and complementary indicators providing synthetic and global information
Note 1 to entry: It is a tool for the development and implementation of a strategy and for monitoring progress
towards the goals outlined in the strategy.
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4 Maintenance framework
4.1 Maintenance contributions and challenges
Maintenance intends preventing failures and shutdowns which can have serious consequences and it
therefore constitutes a risks control measure. It is a shield to defend against undesirable events and, as
such, maintenance implements defensive tasks and contributes to risk management and dependability
as indicated in IEC 60300-3-1.
Maintenance is also a crucial way to optimize the performance of an organization and, as such, it strongly
contributes to Asset Management, introduced in the ISO 55000 standard, aiming to translate into
decisions and actions the strategic objectives of companies and organisations. This is achieved by acting
on the processes of design, acquisition and sale, renovation, production, and maintenance. Maintenance
is indeed an essential area to ensure efficient and profitable management of assets. Coordinated with the
other processes, maintenance optimizes the value created and plays a key role in asset management (see
EN 16646:2014, EN 17485:2021).
Maintenance is as well a basic pillar of sustainable development. There are four intertwined dimensions
to sustainable development: society, environment, culture and economy. In 2015, the United Nations
adopted its Agenda 2030 with 17 sustainable development goals. Designing a physical asset by planning
and facilitating its maintenance and then constantly maintaining it in good condition during its life cycle
is to ensure a longer life. This therefore helps to reduce raw materials and energy to rebuild it, which is a
benefit for the environment and for economic efficiency. It is also giving work locally because
maintenance is a set of local activities, which is social benefit. The three characteristics of sustainable
development are thus met by maintenance.
Maintenance brings together a large number of technical, administrative and managerial professions and
which is directly concerned by the rise of digitization. In the context of “enabling technologies” there will
be considerable developments, both in the techniques of fault diagnosis and prognosis and in the
implementation of new maintenance strategies.
4.2 Maintenance types
Maintenance consists of managerial, administrative and technical activities to be performed on the
physical assets to enable them carrying out the required function and upstream and downstream
maintenance activities as described in EN 17007:2017 and Annex A.
The various types of maintenance have different characteristics that make them very complementary. A
maintenance strategy is built by choosing the types of tasks to be privileged according to the physical
assets, the operational context, and the strategic objectives of the company.
At the first level we can distinguish:
a) Corrective maintenance which is carried out after a fault detection and consists in restoring the item
in a condition to perform its required function. It will be the more effective when maintainability of
the item is high, and the logistic support is adequate. This maintenance is often suffered, but it can
also be chosen when the strategy has established that it is better to wait for failure than to perform
tasks to avoid it. In particular, this can be the case when the failure has no direct effect on functions
immediately required and corrective maintenance can be postponed and scheduled for a chosen
date.
b) Preventive maintenance is used to prevent failures and therefore shall be performed before
acceptable performance of the required function is lost. It increases the operational reliability and
the availability of items. There are several types of preventive maintenance which are described
below.
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c) Improvement of technical characteristics of items which consists of changing their intrinsic
reliability, maintainability, or safety by modifying their design or manufacture. When possible, the
result can be more efficient and sustainable than using preventive maintenance, which does not
change the intrinsic reliability of assets but only their operational reliability.
Preventive maintenance in turn distinguishes several types:
d) Predetermined maintenance which consists of performing preventive action on an item at given
instants according to a determined number of units of use. This maintenance consists of replacing
components, adjusting, lubricating, cleaning, preventively repairing all, or parts of, an item.
Therefore, it is active preventive maintenance carried out without observing at first the state of the
item. It is fully justified when a failure mechanism is known (wear, aging, for example) and the date
of the failure can be established based on units of use.
e) Condition based maintenance which contains tasks to observe the state of an item and active
preventive maintenance tasks which are performed, or not, depending on the actual item state.
Observations can consist of physical measurements with sensors (vibrations, temperatures,
intensities, images, etc.) or sense-based observations (visual, noise, etc.). Two types of condition-
based maintenance can be discerned:
1) non-predictive condition-based maintenance when the active preventive maintenance action to
restore the item is triggered by exceeding a given threshold, but there is no possibility to predict
the date of the failure;
2) predictive maintenance when advanced methods and techniques of observation and analysis
make it possible to optimally forecast the date to perform the active preventive maintenance
task.
Predictive maintenance is now the subject of much promising research thanks to the very fast progress
of digital technology. It is based in particular on the development of multiple techniques that make it
possible to diagnose the state of items and forecast their evolution:
f) Internet of Thing (IOT). The abundance of low-cost sensors integrated into equipment that captures,
stores, treats and transmits data, provides access to a multitude of physical quantities and
information on the item’s states.
g) Big Data and cloud computing allow the storage of large and diverse information, accessible in a
secure and rapid manner, and associated with processing capacities that allow in-depth analysis.
h) Machine Learning and deep learning using artificial intelligence (AI). The use of advanced and
specialized algorithms allows the analysis of large amounts of data to automatically discover
correlations and use them to make diagnoses and forecasts on the state of the observed items.
i) Digital Twin is the digital model of an item which makes it possible to understand and forecast the
behaviour of its physical twin in the real world and to deduce the maintenance actions to be
undertaken.
4.3 Maintenance process
Maintenance is not limited to performing maintenance tasks on items. A large number of activities are
necessary to define, prepare, schedule, coordinate, and evaluate the maintenance tasks and provide them
with all the necessary resources.
Therefore, maintenance consists of a set of organized and coordinated activities, using resources and
carried out by various actors to achieve a given result. According to ISO 9001, definition maintenance is
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a process which itself consists of many sub-processes described in detail in EN 17007:2017. The sub-
processes that comprise it are classified into three distinct categories:
a) The management process, which is the subject of this document. It determines maintenance
objectives, policy and strategy. It establishes the organization of maintenance within the company,
allocates the necessary resources, ensures consistency between actions, allows communication and
measures results to continuously improve performances.
b) The realization processes, which are the fundamental purpose of maintenance. They contain
maintenance tasks belonging to the different types presented above (corrective, preventive,
improvement), but also the actions defining, preparing, scheduling, launching and closing these tasks.
c) The support processes, which provide the resources and services necessary for the entire
maintenance process.
The maintenance requires different kind of resources such as documents, tools, test equipment, people,
spare parts, facilities, etc. The provision of those resources requires maintenance activities which are
implemented by maintenance processes described in EN 17007:2017.
They lead to maintenance activities in order to:
1) Ensure personal health and safety to individuals and preserve environment in maintenance (HSE).
2) Budget maintenance of items (BUD).
3) Deliver the operational documentation (DOC).
4) Manage data (DTA).
5) Provide the needed infrastructures (IST).
6) Deliver maintenance requirements during items design and modification (MRQ).
7) Improve the results (OPT).
8) Provide internal human resources (RES).
9) Provide external maintenance services (SER).
10) Deliver spare parts (SPP).
11) Deliver the tools, support equipment and information system (TOL).
4.4 Maintenance requirements during the life cycle of physical asset
Maintenance shall be considered over the entire lifecycle of a physical asset and not just during the
operating phase. Indeed, many specific tasks shall be carried out from the initial design and during all the
following phases (manufacturing, installation/commissioning, operation and maintenance,
modernization/renovation/life cycle extension, disposal). More especially, it is during the first phases of
the life cycle that the intrinsic reliability, maintainability and safety of the physical assets are determined,
and these characteristics are critical to the life cycle cost and economic performance.
Therefore, maintenance management covers all the asset life cycle and maintenance activities.
Maintenance engineering is generally responsible for intervening during the design phase so that
maintenance requirements are taken into account. This is especially the subject of the RAMS and ILS
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studies that should be considered during this phase to establish preliminary maintenance plan and
logistic support.
Maintenance requirements result mainly from availability, safety, and cost objectives, and are defined in
terms of reliability and maintainability of items and the logistic support required. Intrinsic
maintainability and reliability requirements are defined during the design phase and usually verified
before commissioning. Operational maintainability and reliability requirements are achieved by
implementing preventive maintenance plans and performing corrective maintenance tasks with the
logistic support defined by the organization.
4.5 Influencing factors
Management intervenes at many levels and each employee of a company manage its part, but the
management of maintenance referred to in this document concerns more particularly maintenance
managers, assets managers, directors in charge of supervision and strategic decisions.
The maintenance management is closely linked to the strategic plan of the organization which depends
on various internal or external influencing factors affecting the performance of the organization and
introducing uncertainties with economic consequences. These factors should be regularly reviewed and
their effects on critical success factors should be analysed to determine and continuously improve
maintenance objectives, policy and strategy consistent with Strategic asset management plan. These
factors include the following:
External influencing factors (main examples):
1) Locations.
2) Society, culture.
3) Laws, regulations, national labour policies.
4) Markets.
5) Sectors/branches.
6) Economy.
7) Stakeholders.
8) Technologies and processes.
9) Environmental conditions.
Internal influencing factors (main examples):
10) Company culture.
11) Maintenance competence.
12) Economic.
13) Company size and structure.
14) Processes severity and criticality of physical assets.
15) Processes and technologies complexity.
16) Nature, size, complexity, age, integrity, status and utilization rate of physical assets.
17) Products/services mix.
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5 Maintenance management
5.1 Maintenance objectives
Maintenance objectives shall be clearly and rigorously aligned with the key success factors of the
company/organization. These are defined by management and may relate to different aspects such as
production volume or operating rate, quality of products or services, cost reduction, investments, image
and reputation of the company, environmental and societal commitments (sustainability, occupational
safety, social responsibility, and risk management), market shares, technological leadership, etc.
Standards, including ISO 55000, the ISO 14000 family, ISO 26000, and the ISO 45000 family can be useful
to manage these success factors.
These objectives are common to all the processes of the company/organization and maintenance shall
define its own objectives by coordinating with the other processes (design /acquisition, sale, operation,
renovation, disposal, human resources, etc.). Indeed, silo behaviour can only lead to poor overall
performance and shall be avoided. The main role
...
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