SIST ISO 19145:2016

Geographic information - Registry of representations of geographic point location

This International Standard specifies the process for establishing, maintaining and publishing registers
of representation of geographic point location in compliance with ISO 19135. It identifies and describes
the information elements and the structure of a register of representations of geographic point location
including the elements for the conversion of one representation to another.
This International Standard also specifies the XML implementation of the required XML extension to
ISO/TS 19135‑2, for the implementation of a register of geographic point location representations.
A registry of geographic point location representations differs from a coordinate reference system (CRS)
registry as it is not intended to describe the parameters of a CRS including datum, projections, units of
measure, and order of coordinates but is concerned by the manner a geographic point location according
to ISO 6709 is physically represented in a record or part of it.

Information géographique - Registre des représentations de localisation de point géographique

L'ISO 19145:2013 sp�cifie les proc�dures � suivre pour l'�tablissement, la mise � jour et la publication de registres de repr�sentations de localisation de point g�ographique conformes � l'ISO 19135. Elle identifie et d�crit les �l�ments d'information et la structure d'un registre de repr�sentations de localisation de point g�ographique, y compris les �l�ments de conversion d'une repr�sentation en une autre.
L'ISO 19145:2013 sp�cifie �galement l'impl�mentation � l'aide du langage de balisage extensible (XML) de l'extension XML requise de l'ISO/TS 19135‑2, pour l'impl�mentation d'un registre de repr�sentations de localisation de point g�ographique.

Geografske informacije - Register predstavitev lokacije geografskih točk

Ta mednarodni standard določa postopke vzpostavljanja, ohranjanja in objavljanja registrov
predstavitev lokacije geografskih točk v skladu s standardom ISO 19135. Določa in opisuje
elemente informacij in strukturo registrov predstavitev lokacije geografskih točk,
vključno z elementi za pretvarjanje iz ene predstavitve v drugo.
Ta mednarodni standard določa tudi implementacijo XML zahtevanih razširitev XML v standardu ISO/TS 19135‑2 za implementacijo registra predstavitev lokacije geografskih točk.
Register predstavitev lokacije geografskih točk se razlikuje od registra koordinatnega referenčnega sistema (CRS),
ker ta ni namenjen opisu parametrov koordinatnega referenčnega sistema, vključno s podatki, projekcijami, merskimi enotami in redom koordinat, ampak obravnava lokacije geografskih točk v skladu s standardom ISO 6709 in je fizično zastopan v zapisu ali njegovem delu.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Nov-2010
• Publication Date: 08-Nov-2016
• ICS: 07.040 - Astronomy. Geodesy. Geography
• ICS: 35.240.70 - IT applications in science
• Technical Committee: GIG - Geographic information
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 30-Mar-2015
• Due Date: 04-Jun-2015
• Completion Date: 09-Nov-2016
• Ref Project: ISO 19145:2013 - Geographic information — Registry of representations of geographic point location

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19145
First edition
2013-02-15
Geographic information — Registry
of representations of geographic
point location
Information géographique — Registre de représentations de
localisation de point géographique
Reference number
ISO 19145:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 19145:2013(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 19145:2013(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 1
4 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
4.1 Terms and definitions . 2
4.2 Abbreviations . 4
5 Role of a register of representations of geographic point location .4
5.1 Overview . 4
5.2 User’s environment and registers . 4
5.3 Static and dynamic data conversion . 5
6 Management of registries and registers . 6
7 Schema of the register . 6
7.1 Context . 6
7.2 GPLR_Register . 7
7.3 GPLR_Item . 8
7.4 Geographic Point Location Representation Object .10
7.5 GPLR_CRSSupport .10
7.6 GPLR_ConversionService .11
7.7 GPLR_Interface .13
7.8 GPLR_Method .13
7.9 GPLR_Compression .13
7.10 GPLR_Version .14
7.11 GPLR_RepresentationType .15
7.12 GPLR_ConversionType .15
Annex A (normative) XML extensions required for registry of representations of geographic
point location .16
Annex B (normative) Abstract test suite .23
Annex C (informative) UML notation .25
Bibliography .30
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO 19145:2013(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19145 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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ISO 19145:2013(E)

Introduction
ISO 6709:2008 standardizes the mechanisms for the interoperability of geographic point location
representations. However, the representation of geographic point locations takes various schemes (e.g.
ISO 6709:1983, DCMI Point encoding scheme, KML, GeoVRML, Natural Area Coding System, ISO 8211,
GML Point Profile) depending of the application in which they are used. Accordingly, ISO 6709:2008
recognizes and supports flexibility in the representation of geographic point locations and the
requirement for universal interpretation. In order to support the use of a variety of geographic point
location representations, ISO 6709:2008 introduces the requirement of a registry of geographic point
location representations. A registry of representations of geographic point location gives access to the
description of the format in which a geographic point location is encoded and also identifies conversion
services to transform the representation of the geographic point location to another representation.
As such, knowing in which format a geographic point location is encoded and the format in which it
must be encoded for its use by a specific application, it can be possible to perform the appropriate
transformation of the representation of a geographic point location. However, this requires that
encoding formats and their descriptions need to be made accessible either as part of the geographic
point location representation itself or from a registry of representations of geographic point locations.
As such, the definition of a standard structure for a registry of representations of geographic point
location is required. Such a registry will support the required flexibility identified in ISO 6709:2008 for
efficient syntactic interoperability of geographic point location information.
This International Standard defines a standard structure of a register in Unified Modelling Language
(UML) that supports the description of geographic point location representation (Clause 7). It also
defines the XML implementation of the register’s UML structure by extending ISO/TS 19135-2, Annex A.
Although the structure for the description of geographic point location representation takes its roots
in ISO 19135, it extends that International Standard with specific requirements to an extent that it goes
beyond the definition of a profile of ISO 19135.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved v

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19145:2013(E)
Geographic information — Registry of representations of
geographic point location
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the process for establishing, maintaining and publishing registers
of representation of geographic point location in compliance with ISO 19135. It identifies and describes
the information elements and the structure of a register of representations of geographic point location
including the elements for the conversion of one representation to another.
This International Standard also specifies the XML implementation of the required XML extension to
ISO/TS 19135-2, for the implementation of a register of geographic point location representations.
A registry of geographic point location representations differs from a coordinate reference system (CRS)
registry as it is not intended to describe the parameters of a CRS including datum, projections, units of
measure, and order of coordinates but is concerned by the manner a geographic point location according
to ISO 6709 is physically represented in a record or part of it.
2 Conformance
To conform to this International Standard, a register of geographic point location representations shall
satisfy all of the conditions specified in the abstract test suite (Annex B).
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
ISO 19118:2011, Geographic information — Encoding
ISO 19135:2005, Geographic information — Procedures for item registration
ISO/TS 19135-2:2012, Geographic information - Procedures for item registration — Part 2: XML schema
implementation
ISO/TS 19139:2007, Geographic information — Metadata — XML schema implementation
W3C XMLName, Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Second Edition). W3C Recommendation (16 August 2006)
W3C XMLSchema-1, XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition. W3C Recommendation (28 October 2004)
W3C XMLSchema-2, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation (28 October 2004)
W3C XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition), W3C Recommendation (16 August 2006)
W3C XLink, XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation (27 June 2001)
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 1

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ISO 19145:2013(E)

4 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
4.1 Terms and definitions
4.1.1
compression
technique used for the reduction of space used by data
4.1.2
compression service
service (4.1.16) that accomplishes compression (4.1.1)
4.1.3
conversion
transformation from one format (4.1.9) to another
4.1.4
conversion service
service (4.1.16) that invokes a converter (4.1.5)
4.1.5
converter
resource that performs conversion (4.1.3)
Note 1 to entry: The resource can be a device or software.
4.1.6
coordinate
one of a sequence of n numbers designating the position of a point in n-dimensional space
Note 1 to entry: In a coordinate reference system, the coordinate numbers are qualified by units.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2007, 4.5]
4.1.7
coordinate tuple
tuple (4.1.18) composed of a sequence of coordinates (4.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: In a coordinate reference system, the coordinate numbers are qualified by units.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2007, 4.12, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
4.1.8
dynamic conversion
online and real time conversion (4.1.3) of data
4.1.9
format
language construct that specifies the representation, in character form, of data objects in a record, file,
message, storage device, or transmission channel
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999, 15.04.35]
4.1.10
geographic information
information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth
[SOURCE: ISO 19101:2002, 4.16]
4.1.11
geographic point location
well defined geographic place described by one coordinate tuple (4.1.7)
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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ISO 19145:2013(E)

4.1.12
geographic point location representation
syntactic description of a geographic point location (4.1.11) in a well known format (4.1.9)
4.1.13
identifier
linguistically independent sequence of characters capable of uniquely and permanently identifying that
with which it is associated
[SOURCE: ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.5]
4.1.14
register
set of files containing identifiers (4.1.13) assigned to items with descriptions of the associated items
[SOURCE: ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.9]
4.1.15
registry
information system on which a register (4.1.14) is maintained
[SOURCE: ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.13]
4.1.16
service
distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces
[SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005, 4.1]
4.1.17
static conversion
offline process to perform a global conversion (4.1.3) of a large amount of data
4.1.18
tuple
ordered list of values
[SOURCE: ISO 19136:2007, 4.1.63]
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ISO 19145:2013(E)

4.2 Abbreviations
CRS coordinate reference system
DCMI Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
GeoVRML Geo- Virtual Reality Modelling Language
GIS geographic information system
GML Geography Markup Language
GPL geographic point location
GPLR geographic point location representation
KML Keyhole Markup Language
RFID radio frequency identification
UML Unified Modelling Language
XML eXtensible Markup Language
5 Role of a register of representations of geographic point location
5.1 Overview
The exchange of geographic point locations (GPLs) described by coordinates might use various
representations or formats. To use such information properly in applications, a GPL must be clear about
the representation with which it complies. Then, conversion mechanisms can be applied to transform
exchanged GPLs into systems’ internal representations for their appropriate usage assuming that the
internal representation is also registered and services are available.
Registers give the flexibility to manage geographic point location representations (GPLRs). Registers of
GPLRs made publicly available as a file or web service enhance the interoperability of GPLs by clearly
identifying how one GPL is represented and how it can be converted in another representation.
This clause highlights the role of registers of GPLRs for geographic information interoperability, especially
for the conversion of one GPLR into another through different environments, including static vs. dynamic.
5.2 User’s environment and registers
The role of a register invoked by a user’s environment is depicted in Figure 1. In a user’s environment,
a GIS application typically gets its input data from an external data repository. Usually, that data needs
to be converted into the internal representation of the user’s GIS environment. This is made possible
through a geographic point location converter service, which first searches in a register environment
for possible transformation (i.e. search for specifications) and requests to the register environment the
required information to transform the GPLR into the user’s GIS environment (i.e. request for specification).
To this end, the geographic point location converter service passes the identification of the GPLR from the
external data source to the register’s environment.
In the register’s environment, it is the register service that receives the request. Using the identification
of the GPLR passed by the conversion service, it gets the specification of the representation from the
register (i.e. database of geographic point location representation) including the possible conversions
into other representations and replies to the conversion service. Finally, the conversion service gets
the description information (i.e. geographic point location specifications) of the representation including
4 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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ISO 19145:2013(E)

known conversions to other representation and the geographic point location converter service will
decide which one bests fit the user’s GIS environment.
Geographic
point location
custodian
Geographic
External point location

Data speci
ications
Request for
speci
ication
Search for
speci
ications
Geographic
point location Register
converter
Geographic
Data base of
point location
GIS
Geographic
speci
ication
point location
representations
User’s
environment
Figure 1 — User’s environment and register
5.3 Static and dynamic data conversion
Two types of data conversion mechanism are recognized: static conversion and dynamic conversion.
Static data conversion consists usually in an offline process to perform a global conversion of a large
amount of data. One such conversion is performed in batch conversion of static geographic data sets such
as digital maps from one format to another. Another consists in the fusion process that integrates multiple
geographic data sets represented by various formats in a common data set under a unique format.
Dynamic data conversion refers to an online and real-time processing mechanism. This means that a
GPL can be imported or exported through a wireless network, converted, and used by a mobile terminal
such as in telematics. For example, the location of moving features can be tracked globally by RFID
sensors passing through the distributed RFID gateways where the various GPL may be managed in and
converted from various coordinate systems and representations.
Consequently, a register of representations of geographic point locations serves in static and dynamic
conversions as a resource to identify the representation format in which a GPL is encoded, to support the
decoding of the GPL by the application (online or offline), and to support the encoding process in another
format representation as required.
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ISO 19145:2013(E)

6 Management of registries and registers
Several actors are needed in the maintenance of registers, each one playing specific roles. ISO 19135
identifies and describes the following actors:
— Control body;
— Register manager;
— Register owner;
— Registry manager;
— Submitting organization.
The management of registries and registers shall be as specified in ISO 19135.
7 Schema of the register
7.1 Context
Clause 7 specifies the content and structure of the register of GPLR in a UML schema (see Annex C
for a summary of UML notation). The schema includes only one package but refers to classes from
the ISO/TS 19103 Conceptual Schema Language package, the ISO 19115 Metadata package, and the
ISO 19135 Procedures for registration package (Figure 2). It includes information about the register
itself and information about representations of geographic point locations (Figure 3).
ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for Registration
(from ISO 19135-All Procedures for Registration)
ISO 19145 Registry GPL representations
ISO 19115:2003 Metadata
(from ISO 19115-All Metadata)
(from ISO TC211)
ISO 19103:2005 Schema Language
(from ISO 19103 Conceptual Schema Language)
Figure 2 — GPLR package dependencies
6 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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ISO 19145:2013(E)

ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for
GPLR_Register
Registration::RE_Register
{leaf}
+register 1.*
Content
+containedItem 1.*
+containedItem 1.*
+outFormat
ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for
GPLR_Item GPLR_ConversionService
1.*
+converter
Registration::RE_RegisterItem
{leaf} {root,leaf}
0.*
+crsSupport 1 0.1 +compressionTechnique
GPLR_CRSSuport GPLR_Compression
{root,leaf} {root,leaf}
Figure 3 — Overview of the UML GPLR register’s schema
7.2 GPLR_Register
7.2.1 Semantics
The class GPLR_Register (Figure 4) specifies information about a register of geographic point location
representations. The GPLR_Register class is essentially a subclass of RE_Register from ISO 19135 and as
such inherits all its properties, relations, and behaviours (see ISO 19135:2005, 8.2).
7.2.2 Content
The association Content aggregates GPLR_Items that are parts of the GPLR_Register. This association
is essentially the counterpart of the Content association between RE_Register and RE_RegisterItem
of ISO 19135.
ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for Registration::
RE_Register
+ name :CharacterString
+ contentSummary :CharacterString GPLR_Register
+ uniformResourceIdentiier :CI_OnlineResource [1.*]
{leaf}
+ operatingLanguage :RE_Locale
+ alternativeLanguages :Set constraints
+ version :RE_Version [0.1]
{count(self.version +self.dateOfLastChange) >=1}
+ dateOfLastChange :Date[0.1]
constraints
{count(self.version +self.dateOfLastChange) >=1}
Content
+register 1.*
Content
+containedItem 1.*
+containedItem 1.*
GPLR_Item
{leaf}
ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for
Registration::RE_RegisterItem
constraints
{count(self.legalConstraints.accessConstraints) >=1}
Figure 4 — GPLR_Register
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 7

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ISO 19145:2013(E)

7.3 GPLR_Item
7.3.1 Semantics
The class GPLR_Item (Figure 5) specifies information that describes geographic point location
representations. The GPLR_Item class is essentially a subclass of RE_RegisterItem from ISO 19135 and as
such inherits all its properties, relations, and behaviours (see ISO 19135:2005, 8.8). It adds five attributes
and three association roles: gplrID, specificationName, version, legalConstraints, type, crsSupport,
converter, and compressionTechnique. This information provides the details on how a geographic point
location is rendered, compressed, and can be converted into another representation.
7.3.2 gplrID
The mandatory attribute gplrID consists in a designator that uniquely distinguishes from others a
specific geographic point location representation within the context of the register. It is intended to be
used for information processing. It is represented by a CharacterString (see ISO/TS 19103).
7.3.3 specificationName
The mandatory attribute specificationName designates a specific geographic point location
representation. A specific geographic point location representation is represented by a CI_Citation (see
ISO 19115). In CI_Citation, the attribute title identifies the specific name of the geographic point location
representation and the attribute citedResponsibleParty provides the details of the resources related to
the geographic point location representation. In the context of this International Standard, these two
attributes are mandatory.
7.3.4 version
The mandatory attribute version provides information about the specific release of the geographic point
location representation. It is represented by a GPLR_Version.
8 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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ISO 19145:2013(E)

ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for Registration::RE_RegisterItem
+ itemIdentiier :Integer
+ name :CharacterString
+ /status :RE_ItemStatus
+ dateAccepted :Date [0.1]
+ dateAmended :Date [0.1]
+ deinition :CharacterString
+ description :CharacterString [0.1] GPLR_Register
+ ieldOfApplication :Set [0.1]
{leaf}
+ alternativeExpressions :Set [0.1]
Content
+containedItem 1.*
GPLR_Item
«CodeList»
GPLR_RepresentationType
{leaf}
+converter
{root,leaf}
GPLR_ConversionService
+ gplrID :CharacterString
+ text
{root,leaf}
+ speciicationName :CI_Citation
0.*
+ binary
+ version :GPLR_Version
+ XML
+ legalConstraints :MD_LegalConstraints [0.*]
+ type :GPLR_RepresentationType = text
+compressionTechnique
GPLR_Compression
constraints
GPLR_Version
{root,leaf}
0.1
{count(self.legalConstraints.accessConstraints) >= 1}
{leaf}
Constraint information::
+crsSupport 1
MD_LegalConstraints
GPLR_CRSSupport
{root,leaf}
«datatype»
Citation and responsible party
information::CI_Citation
«type»
Text::CharacterString
Figure 5 — GPLR_Item
7.3.5 legalConstraints
The optional attribute legalConstraints identifies whether or not the geographic point location
representation can be used only under legal rights, restrictions, and prerequisites. It shall use an
MD_LegalConstraints type as specified in ISO 19115. When a legal constraint is documented, at least
accessConstraints must be documented.
7.3.6 type
The mandatory attribute type provides the encoding type of a geographic point location representation.
It uses the code lists GPLR_RepresentationType. Accordingly, a GPL representation can be encoded as
text, binary, or XML.
7.3.7 compressionTechnique
The optional association role compressionTechnique identifies the mechanism used to reduce the size of
the geographic point location representation. It is described by a GPLR_Compression.
7.3.8 converter
The optional association role converter identifies the conversion tools or services that can transform
this geographic point location representation into another one. It uses a GPLR_ConversionService.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 9

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ISO 19145:2013(E)

7.3.9 crsSupport
The mandatory association role crsSupport identifies if the geographic point location representation
provides support to coordinate reference systems. It is described by a GPLR_CRSSupport.
7.4 Geographic Point Location Representation Object
A geographic point location register is simple, i.e. it contains a single item class. Accordingly, the
register has one unique containedItem of the type of RE_ItemClass, which is Geographic Point Location
Representation. The GPLR_Register and all containedItems of the GPLR_Item class refer to this Geographic
Point Location Representation. This is illustrated in Figure 6.
ISO 19135 Procedures for
GPLR_Register
Registration::RE_Register
{leaf}
{root}
ContentDescription
ContentDescription
+containedItemClass 1.*
+containedItemClass 1
ISO 19135 Procedures for Registration::
RE_ItemClass
Geographic Point
{root}
Content Content
Location
+ name: CharacterString
Representation
+ technicalStandard: CI_Citation
+ alternativeLanguages: Set
+itemClass 1
1
+itemClass
Categorization
Categorization
+containedItem 1.*
+containedItem
1.*
ISO 19135 Procedures for
Registration::
GPLR_Item
RE_RegisterItem
{leaf}
{root}
Figure 6 — Geographic Point Location Representation Object
7.5 GPLR_CRSSupport
7.5.1 Semantics
The class GPLR_CRSSupport (Figure 7) specifies information about th
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 19145:2016
01-december-2016
*HRJUDIVNHLQIRUPDFLMH5HJLVWHUSUHGVWDYLWHYORNDFLMHJHRJUDIVNLKWRþN
Geographic information - Registry of representations of geographic point location
Information géographique - Registre des représentations de localisation de point
géographique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 19145:2013
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST ISO 19145:2016 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ISO 19145:2016

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SIST ISO 19145:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19145
First edition
2013-02-15
Geographic information — Registry
of representations of geographic
point location
Information géographique — Registre de représentations de
localisation de point géographique
Reference number
ISO 19145:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013

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SIST ISO 19145:2016
ISO 19145:2013(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO 19145:2016
ISO 19145:2013(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 1
4 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 2
4.1 Terms and definitions . 2
4.2 Abbreviations . 4
5 Role of a register of representations of geographic point location .4
5.1 Overview . 4
5.2 User’s environment and registers . 4
5.3 Static and dynamic data conversion . 5
6 Management of registries and registers . 6
7 Schema of the register . 6
7.1 Context . 6
7.2 GPLR_Register . 7
7.3 GPLR_Item . 8
7.4 Geographic Point Location Representation Object .10
7.5 GPLR_CRSSupport .10
7.6 GPLR_ConversionService .11
7.7 GPLR_Interface .13
7.8 GPLR_Method .13
7.9 GPLR_Compression .13
7.10 GPLR_Version .14
7.11 GPLR_RepresentationType .15
7.12 GPLR_ConversionType .15
Annex A (normative) XML extensions required for registry of representations of geographic
point location .16
Annex B (normative) Abstract test suite .23
Annex C (informative) UML notation .25
Bibliography .30
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19145 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
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Introduction
ISO 6709:2008 standardizes the mechanisms for the interoperability of geographic point location
representations. However, the representation of geographic point locations takes various schemes (e.g.
ISO 6709:1983, DCMI Point encoding scheme, KML, GeoVRML, Natural Area Coding System, ISO 8211,
GML Point Profile) depending of the application in which they are used. Accordingly, ISO 6709:2008
recognizes and supports flexibility in the representation of geographic point locations and the
requirement for universal interpretation. In order to support the use of a variety of geographic point
location representations, ISO 6709:2008 introduces the requirement of a registry of geographic point
location representations. A registry of representations of geographic point location gives access to the
description of the format in which a geographic point location is encoded and also identifies conversion
services to transform the representation of the geographic point location to another representation.
As such, knowing in which format a geographic point location is encoded and the format in which it
must be encoded for its use by a specific application, it can be possible to perform the appropriate
transformation of the representation of a geographic point location. However, this requires that
encoding formats and their descriptions need to be made accessible either as part of the geographic
point location representation itself or from a registry of representations of geographic point locations.
As such, the definition of a standard structure for a registry of representations of geographic point
location is required. Such a registry will support the required flexibility identified in ISO 6709:2008 for
efficient syntactic interoperability of geographic point location information.
This International Standard defines a standard structure of a register in Unified Modelling Language
(UML) that supports the description of geographic point location representation (Clause 7). It also
defines the XML implementation of the register’s UML structure by extending ISO/TS 19135-2, Annex A.
Although the structure for the description of geographic point location representation takes its roots
in ISO 19135, it extends that International Standard with specific requirements to an extent that it goes
beyond the definition of a profile of ISO 19135.
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SIST ISO 19145:2016
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19145:2013(E)
Geographic information — Registry of representations of
geographic point location
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the process for establishing, maintaining and publishing registers
of representation of geographic point location in compliance with ISO 19135. It identifies and describes
the information elements and the structure of a register of representations of geographic point location
including the elements for the conversion of one representation to another.
This International Standard also specifies the XML implementation of the required XML extension to
ISO/TS 19135-2, for the implementation of a register of geographic point location representations.
A registry of geographic point location representations differs from a coordinate reference system (CRS)
registry as it is not intended to describe the parameters of a CRS including datum, projections, units of
measure, and order of coordinates but is concerned by the manner a geographic point location according
to ISO 6709 is physically represented in a record or part of it.
2 Conformance
To conform to this International Standard, a register of geographic point location representations shall
satisfy all of the conditions specified in the abstract test suite (Annex B).
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
ISO 19118:2011, Geographic information — Encoding
ISO 19135:2005, Geographic information — Procedures for item registration
ISO/TS 19135-2:2012, Geographic information - Procedures for item registration — Part 2: XML schema
implementation
ISO/TS 19139:2007, Geographic information — Metadata — XML schema implementation
W3C XMLName, Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Second Edition). W3C Recommendation (16 August 2006)
W3C XMLSchema-1, XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition. W3C Recommendation (28 October 2004)
W3C XMLSchema-2, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation (28 October 2004)
W3C XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition), W3C Recommendation (16 August 2006)
W3C XLink, XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation (27 June 2001)
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4 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
4.1 Terms and definitions
4.1.1
compression
technique used for the reduction of space used by data
4.1.2
compression service
service (4.1.16) that accomplishes compression (4.1.1)
4.1.3
conversion
transformation from one format (4.1.9) to another
4.1.4
conversion service
service (4.1.16) that invokes a converter (4.1.5)
4.1.5
converter
resource that performs conversion (4.1.3)
Note 1 to entry: The resource can be a device or software.
4.1.6
coordinate
one of a sequence of n numbers designating the position of a point in n-dimensional space
Note 1 to entry: In a coordinate reference system, the coordinate numbers are qualified by units.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2007, 4.5]
4.1.7
coordinate tuple
tuple (4.1.18) composed of a sequence of coordinates (4.1.6)
Note 1 to entry: In a coordinate reference system, the coordinate numbers are qualified by units.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2007, 4.12, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
4.1.8
dynamic conversion
online and real time conversion (4.1.3) of data
4.1.9
format
language construct that specifies the representation, in character form, of data objects in a record, file,
message, storage device, or transmission channel
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-15:1999, 15.04.35]
4.1.10
geographic information
information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth
[SOURCE: ISO 19101:2002, 4.16]
4.1.11
geographic point location
well defined geographic place described by one coordinate tuple (4.1.7)
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4.1.12
geographic point location representation
syntactic description of a geographic point location (4.1.11) in a well known format (4.1.9)
4.1.13
identifier
linguistically independent sequence of characters capable of uniquely and permanently identifying that
with which it is associated
[SOURCE: ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.5]
4.1.14
register
set of files containing identifiers (4.1.13) assigned to items with descriptions of the associated items
[SOURCE: ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.9]
4.1.15
registry
information system on which a register (4.1.14) is maintained
[SOURCE: ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.13]
4.1.16
service
distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces
[SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005, 4.1]
4.1.17
static conversion
offline process to perform a global conversion (4.1.3) of a large amount of data
4.1.18
tuple
ordered list of values
[SOURCE: ISO 19136:2007, 4.1.63]
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4.2 Abbreviations
CRS coordinate reference system
DCMI Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
GeoVRML Geo- Virtual Reality Modelling Language
GIS geographic information system
GML Geography Markup Language
GPL geographic point location
GPLR geographic point location representation
KML Keyhole Markup Language
RFID radio frequency identification
UML Unified Modelling Language
XML eXtensible Markup Language
5 Role of a register of representations of geographic point location
5.1 Overview
The exchange of geographic point locations (GPLs) described by coordinates might use various
representations or formats. To use such information properly in applications, a GPL must be clear about
the representation with which it complies. Then, conversion mechanisms can be applied to transform
exchanged GPLs into systems’ internal representations for their appropriate usage assuming that the
internal representation is also registered and services are available.
Registers give the flexibility to manage geographic point location representations (GPLRs). Registers of
GPLRs made publicly available as a file or web service enhance the interoperability of GPLs by clearly
identifying how one GPL is represented and how it can be converted in another representation.
This clause highlights the role of registers of GPLRs for geographic information interoperability, especially
for the conversion of one GPLR into another through different environments, including static vs. dynamic.
5.2 User’s environment and registers
The role of a register invoked by a user’s environment is depicted in Figure 1. In a user’s environment,
a GIS application typically gets its input data from an external data repository. Usually, that data needs
to be converted into the internal representation of the user’s GIS environment. This is made possible
through a geographic point location converter service, which first searches in a register environment
for possible transformation (i.e. search for specifications) and requests to the register environment the
required information to transform the GPLR into the user’s GIS environment (i.e. request for specification).
To this end, the geographic point location converter service passes the identification of the GPLR from the
external data source to the register’s environment.
In the register’s environment, it is the register service that receives the request. Using the identification
of the GPLR passed by the conversion service, it gets the specification of the representation from the
register (i.e. database of geographic point location representation) including the possible conversions
into other representations and replies to the conversion service. Finally, the conversion service gets
the description information (i.e. geographic point location specifications) of the representation including
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known conversions to other representation and the geographic point location converter service will
decide which one bests fit the user’s GIS environment.
Geographic
point location
custodian
Geographic
External point location

Data speci
ications
Request for
speci
ication
Search for
speci
ications
Geographic
point location Register
converter
Geographic
Data base of
point location
GIS
Geographic
speci
ication
point location
representations
User’s
environment
Figure 1 — User’s environment and register
5.3 Static and dynamic data conversion
Two types of data conversion mechanism are recognized: static conversion and dynamic conversion.
Static data conversion consists usually in an offline process to perform a global conversion of a large
amount of data. One such conversion is performed in batch conversion of static geographic data sets such
as digital maps from one format to another. Another consists in the fusion process that integrates multiple
geographic data sets represented by various formats in a common data set under a unique format.
Dynamic data conversion refers to an online and real-time processing mechanism. This means that a
GPL can be imported or exported through a wireless network, converted, and used by a mobile terminal
such as in telematics. For example, the location of moving features can be tracked globally by RFID
sensors passing through the distributed RFID gateways where the various GPL may be managed in and
converted from various coordinate systems and representations.
Consequently, a register of representations of geographic point locations serves in static and dynamic
conversions as a resource to identify the representation format in which a GPL is encoded, to support the
decoding of the GPL by the application (online or offline), and to support the encoding process in another
format representation as required.
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6 Management of registries and registers
Several actors are needed in the maintenance of registers, each one playing specific roles. ISO 19135
identifies and describes the following actors:
— Control body;
— Register manager;
— Register owner;
— Registry manager;
— Submitting organization.
The management of registries and registers shall be as specified in ISO 19135.
7 Schema of the register
7.1 Context
Clause 7 specifies the content and structure of the register of GPLR in a UML schema (see Annex C
for a summary of UML notation). The schema includes only one package but refers to classes from
the ISO/TS 19103 Conceptual Schema Language package, the ISO 19115 Metadata package, and the
ISO 19135 Procedures for registration package (Figure 2). It includes information about the register
itself and information about representations of geographic point locations (Figure 3).
ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for Registration
(from ISO 19135-All Procedures for Registration)
ISO 19145 Registry GPL representations
ISO 19115:2003 Metadata
(from ISO 19115-All Metadata)
(from ISO TC211)
ISO 19103:2005 Schema Language
(from ISO 19103 Conceptual Schema Language)
Figure 2 — GPLR package dependencies
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ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for
GPLR_Register
Registration::RE_Register
{leaf}
+register 1.*
Content
+containedItem 1.*
+containedItem 1.*
+outFormat
ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for
GPLR_Item GPLR_ConversionService
1.*
+converter
Registration::RE_RegisterItem
{leaf} {root,leaf}
0.*
+crsSupport 1 0.1 +compressionTechnique
GPLR_CRSSuport GPLR_Compression
{root,leaf} {root,leaf}
Figure 3 — Overview of the UML GPLR register’s schema
7.2 GPLR_Register
7.2.1 Semantics
The class GPLR_Register (Figure 4) specifies information about a register of geographic point location
representations. The GPLR_Register class is essentially a subclass of RE_Register from ISO 19135 and as
such inherits all its properties, relations, and behaviours (see ISO 19135:2005, 8.2).
7.2.2 Content
The association Content aggregates GPLR_Items that are parts of the GPLR_Register. This association
is essentially the counterpart of the Content association between RE_Register and RE_RegisterItem
of ISO 19135.
ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for Registration::
RE_Register
+ name :CharacterString
+ contentSummary :CharacterString GPLR_Register
+ uniformResourceIdentiier :CI_OnlineResource [1.*]
{leaf}
+ operatingLanguage :RE_Locale
+ alternativeLanguages :Set constraints
+ version :RE_Version [0.1]
{count(self.version +self.dateOfLastChange) >=1}
+ dateOfLastChange :Date[0.1]
constraints
{count(self.version +self.dateOfLastChange) >=1}
Content
+register 1.*
Content
+containedItem 1.*
+containedItem 1.*
GPLR_Item
{leaf}
ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for
Registration::RE_RegisterItem
constraints
{count(self.legalConstraints.accessConstraints) >=1}
Figure 4 — GPLR_Register
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7.3 GPLR_Item
7.3.1 Semantics
The class GPLR_Item (Figure 5) specifies information that describes geographic point location
representations. The GPLR_Item class is essentially a subclass of RE_RegisterItem from ISO 19135 and as
such inherits all its properties, relations, and behaviours (see ISO 19135:2005, 8.8). It adds five attributes
and three association roles: gplrID, specificationName, version, legalConstraints, type, crsSupport,
converter, and compressionTechnique. This information provides the details on how a geographic point
location is rendered, compressed, and can be converted into another representation.
7.3.2 gplrID
The mandatory attribute gplrID consists in a designator that uniquely distinguishes from others a
specific geographic point location representation within the context of the register. It is intended to be
used for information processing. It is represented by a CharacterString (see ISO/TS 19103).
7.3.3 specificationName
The mandatory attribute specificationName designates a specific geographic point location
representation. A specific geographic point location representation is represented by a CI_Citation (see
ISO 19115). In CI_Citation, the attribute title identifies the specific name of the geographic point location
representation and the attribute citedResponsibleParty provides the details of the resources related to
the geographic point location representation. In the context of this International Standard, these two
attributes are mandatory.
7.3.4 version
The mandatory attribute version provides information about the specific release of the geographic point
location representation. It is represented by a GPLR_Version.
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ISO 19135:2005 Procedures for Registration::RE_RegisterItem
+ itemIdentiier :Integer
+ name :CharacterString
+ /status :RE_ItemStatus
+ dateAccepted :Date [0.1]
+ dateAmended :Date [0.1]
+ deinition :CharacterString
+ description :CharacterString [0.1] GPLR_Register
+ ieldOfApplication :Set [0.1]
{leaf}
+ alternativeExpressions :Set [0.1]
Content
+containedItem 1.*
GPLR_Item
«CodeList»
GPLR_RepresentationType
{leaf}
+converter
{root,leaf}
GPLR_ConversionService
+ gplrID :CharacterString
+ text
{root,leaf}
+ speciicationName :CI_Citation
0.*
+ binary
+ version :GPLR_Version
+ XML
+ legalConstraints :MD_LegalConstraints [0.*]
+ type :GPLR_RepresentationType = text
+compressionTechnique
GPLR_Compression
constraints
GPLR_Version
{root,leaf}
0.1
{count(self.legalConstraints.accessConstraints) >= 1}
{leaf}
Constraint information::
+crsSupport 1
MD_LegalConstraints
GPLR_CRSSupport
{root,leaf}
«datatype»
Citation and responsible party
information::CI_Citation
«type»
Text::CharacterString
Figure 5 — GPLR_Item
7.3.5 legalConstraints
The optional attribute legalConstraints identifies whether or not the geographic point location
representation can be used only under legal rights, restrictions, and prerequisites. It shall use an
MD_LegalConstraints type as specified in ISO 19115. When a legal constraint is documented, at least
accessConstraints must be documented.
7.3.6 type
The mandatory attribute type provides the encoding type of a geographic point location representation.
It uses the code lists GPLR_RepresentationType. Accordingly, a GPL representation can be encoded as
text, binary, or XML.
7.3.7 compressionTechnique
The optional association role compressionTechnique identifies the mechanism used to reduce the size of
the geographic point location representation. It is described by a GPLR_Compression.
7.3.8 converter
The optional association role converter identifies the conversion tools or services that can transform
this geographic point location representation into another one. It uses a GPLR_ConversionService.
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7.3.9 crsSupport
The mandatory association role crsSupport identifies if the geographic point location representation
provides support to coordinate reference sy
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 19145
Première édition
2013-02-15
Information géographique — Registre
de représentations de localisation de
point géographique
Geographic information — Registry of representations of geographic
point location
Numéro de référence
ISO 19145:2013(F)
©
ISO 2013

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ISO 19145:2013(F)

DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2013
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2013 – Tous droits réservés

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ISO 19145:2013(F)

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Conformité . 1
3 Références normatives . 1
4 Termes, définitions et termes abrégés . 2
4.1 Termes et définitions . 2
4.2 Termes abrégés . 4
5 Rôle d’un registre de représentations de localisation de point géographique .4
5.1 Présentation . 4
5.2 Environnement utilisateur et registres . 4
5.3 Conversion de données statique et dynamique . 5
6 Gestion des registres et des systèmes de registres . 6
7 Schéma du registre . 6
7.1 Contexte . 6
7.2 GPLR_Register (Registre_GPLR) . 7
7.3 GPLR_Item . 8
7.4 Objet de représentation de localisation de point géographique .10
7.5 GPLR_CRSSupport .10
7.6 GPLR_ConversionService .11
7.7 GPLR_Interface .13
7.8 GPLR_Method .13
7.9 GPLR_Compression .13
7.10 GPLR_Version .14
7.11 GPLR_RepresentationType .15
7.12 GPLR_ConversionType .15
Annexe A (normative) Extensions XML requises pour l’enregistrement des
représentationsde localisation de point géographique .17
Annexe B (normative) Suite d’essais abstraits .24
Annexe C (informative) Notation UML .26
Bibliographie .31
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Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne
la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives
ISO/CEI, Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d’élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de
Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote.
Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert l’approbation de 75 % au moins des comités
membres votants.
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de
ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L’ISO 19145 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 211, Information géographique/Géomatique.
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Introduction
L’ISO 6709:2008 normalise les mécanismes relatifs à l’interopérabilité des représentations de
localisation de point géographique. Cependant, la représentation des localisations de point géographique
se présente sous divers schémas (par exemple ISO 6709:1983, DCMI Point encoding scheme, KML,
GeoVRML, Natural Area Coding System, ISO/CEI 8211, GML Point Profile) selon l’application dans
laquelle elles sont utilisées. En conséquence, l’ISO 6709:2008 reconnaît et contribue à la flexibilité
de la représentation des localisations de point géographique et à l’exigence d’une interprétation
universelle. Afin de prendre en charge l’utilisation d’une variété de représentations de localisation de
point géographique, l’ISO 6709:2008 spécifie l’exigence d’un registre de représentations de localisation
de point géographique. Le registre de représentations de localisation de point géographique permet
d’accéder à la description du format dans lequel une localisation de point géographique est codée et
d’identifier également les services de conversion pour transformer la représentation de localisation
de point géographique en une autre représentation. À ce titre, en connaissant le format dans lequel
une localisation de point géographique est codée et le format dans lequel elle doit être codée pour son
utilisation par une application spécifique, il peut être possible de réaliser la transformation appropriée
de la représentation d’une localisation de point géographique. Toutefois, cela nécessite que les formats
de codage et leurs descriptions soient accessibles soit comme partie intégrante de la représentation elle-
même soit à partir d’un registre de représentations de localisation de point géographique. À cet effet, il
est donc nécessaire de définir une structure normalisée du registre de représentations de localisation de
point géographique. Un tel registre contribue à la flexibilité requise identifiée dans l’ISO 6709:2008 pour
assurer une interopérabilité syntaxique efficace des informations de localisation de point géographique.
La présente Norme internationale définit une structure normalisée de registre en langage de modélisation
unifié (UML) destinée à décrire la représentation de localisation de point géographique (Article 7). Elle
définit également l’implémentation par XML (langage de balisage extensible) de la structure UML du
registre par extension de l’ISO/TS 19135-2:2012, Annexe A. Bien que la structure de description de
la représentation de localisation de point géographique soit issue de l’ISO 19135, la présente Norme
internationale élargit ce modèle avec des exigences spécifiques qui vont au-delà de la définition d’un
profil de l’ISO 19135.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 19145:2013(F)
Information géographique — Registre de représentations
de localisation de point géographique
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie les procédures à suivre pour l’établissement, la mise à jour
et la publication de registres de représentations de localisation de point géographique conformes
à l’ISO 19135. Elle identifie et décrit les éléments d’information et la structure d’un registre de
représentations de localisation de point géographique, y compris les éléments de conversion d’une
représentation en une autre.
La présente Norme internationale spécifie également l’implémentation à l’aide du langage de balisage
extensible (XML) de l’extension XML requise de l’ISO/TS 19135-2, pour l’implémentation d’un registre
de représentations de localisation de point géographique.
Un registre de représentations de localisation de point géographique diffère d’un registre CRS (système
de coordonnées de référence) dans la mesure où il n’est pas destiné à décrire les paramètres d’un CRS
comprenant les données, les projections, les unités de mesure et l’ordre des coordonnées, mais s’intéresse
plutôt à la manière dont une localisation de point géographique conforme à l’ISO 6709 est physiquement
représentée dans un enregistrement ou une partie de ce dernier.
2 Conformité
Pour être conforme à la présente Norme internationale, un registre de représentations de localisation
de point géographique doit satisfaire à toutes les conditions spécifiées dans la Suite d’Essais Abstraits
(Annexe B).
3 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l’application du présent document. Pour
les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition
du document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Information géographique — Langage de schéma conceptuel
ISO 19115:2003, Information géographique — Métadonnées
ISO 19118:2011, Information géographique — Codage
ISO 19135:2005, Information géographique — Procédures pour l’enregistrement d’éléments
ISO/TS 19135-2:2012, Information géographique — Procédures pour l’enregistrement d’éléments —
Partie 2: Implémentation des schémas XML
ISO/TS 19139:2007, Information géographique — Métadonnées — Implémentation de schémas XML
W3C XMLName, Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Second Edition). W3C Recommendation (16 August 2006)
W3C XMLSchema-1, XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition.W3C Recommendation
(28 October 2004)
W3C XMLSchema-2, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation
(28 October 2004)
W3C XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition), W3C Recommendation (16 August 2006)
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ISO 19145:2013(F)

W3C XLink, XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation (27 June 2001)
4 Termes, définitions et termes abrégés
4.1 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
4.1.1
compression
technique utilisée pour la réduction de l’espace utilisé par les données
4.1.2
service de compression
service (4.1.16) qui accomplit la compression (4.1.1)
4.1.3
conversion
transformation d’un format (4.1.9) en un autre
4.1.4
service de conversion
service (4.1.16) qui fait appel à un convertisseur (4.1.5)
4.1.5
convertisseur
ressource qui accomplit la conversion (4.1.3)
Note 1 à l’article: Cette ressource peut être un appareil ou un logiciel.
4.1.6
coordonnée
une des séquences de n nombres désignant la position d’un point dans un espace à n dimensions
Note 1 à l’article: Dans un système de coordonnées de référence, les coordonnées sont établies par unités.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2007, 4.5]
4.1.7
uplet de coordonnées
uplet (4.1.18) composé d’une séquence de coordonnées (4.1.6)
Note 1 à l’article: Dans un système de coordonnées de référence, les coordonnées sont établies par unités.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2007, 4.12, modifiée — ajout d’une Note à l’article.]
4.1.8
conversion dynamique
conversion (4.1.3) de données en ligne et en temps réel
4.1.9
format
élément de langage qui spécifie la représentation, sous forme de caractères, d’objets de données dans un
enregistrement, un fichier, un message, en mémoire ou dans une voie de transmission
[SOURCE: ISO/CEI 2382-15:1999, 15.04.35]
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ISO 19145:2013(F)

4.1.10
information géographique
information concernant des phénomènes associés implicitement ou explicitement à un emplacement sur
Terre
[SOURCE: ISO 19101:2002, 4.16]
4.1.11
localisation de point géographique
lieu géographique bien défini décrit par un uplet de coordonnées (4.1.7)
4.1.12
représentation de localisation de point géographique
description syntaxique d’une localisation de point géographique (4.1.11) sous un format (4.1.9) bien connu
4.1.13
identifiant
séquence de caractères linguistiquement indépendante, capable d’identifier de manière exclusive et
continue ce à quoi elle est associée
[SOURCE: ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.5]
4.1.14
registre
ensemble de fichiers comportant les identifiants (4.1.13) attribués aux items et des descriptions qui leur
sont associées
[SOURCE: ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.9]
4.1.15
système de registre
système d’information dans lequel un registre (4.1.14) est mis à jour
[SOURCE: ISO 19135:2005, 4.1.13]
4.1.16
service
partie distincte de la fonctionnalité qui est fournie par une entité par des interfaces
[SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005, 4.1]
4.1.17
conversion statique
processus hors ligne permettant de réaliser une conversion (4.1.3) globale d’une grande quantité de données
4.1.18
uplet
liste ordonnée de valeurs
[SOURCE: ISO 19136:2007, 4.1.63]
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ISO 19145:2013(F)

4.2 Termes abrégés
CRS coordinate reference system (système de coordonnées de référence)
DCMI Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
GeoVRML Geo-Virtual Reality Modelling Language
GIS geographic information system (système d’information géographique)
GML Geography Markup Language (langage de balisage en géographie)
GPL geographic point location (localisation de point géographique)
GPLR geographic point location representation (représentation de localisation de point géogra-
phique)
KML Keyhole Markup Language
RFID radio frequency identification (identification par radiofréquence)
UML Unified Modelling Language (langage de modélisation unifié)
XML eXtensible Markup Language (langage de balisage extensible)
5 Rôle d’un registre de représentations de localisation de point géographique
5.1 Présentation
L’échange de localisations de point géographique (GPL) décrit par des coordonnées peut utiliser diverses
représentations ou formats. Pour utiliser convenablement de telles informations dans les applications,
une localisation de point géographique (GPL) doit être claire au sujet de la représentation avec laquelle
elle s’accorde. Les mécanismes de conversion peuvent alors être appliqués pour transformer les GPL
échangées en représentations internes des systèmes pour leur usage approprié en supposant que la
représentation interne est aussi enregistrée et que les services sont disponibles.
Les registres rendent flexible la gestion des représentations de localisation de point géographique
(GPLR). Les registres de GPLR accessibles au public sous la forme d’un fichier ou de services web
améliorent l’interopérabilité des GPL en identifiant clairement la manière dont une GPL est représentée
et la manière dont elle peut être convertie en une autre représentation.
Le présent article souligne le rôle des registres de GPLR pour l’interopérabilité de l’information
géographique, notamment pour la conversion d’une GPLR en une autre dans différents environnements,
y compris la conversion statique par rapport à la conversion dynamique.
5.2 Environnement utilisateur et registres
Le rôle d’un registre auquel fait appel un environnement utilisateur est décrit à la Figure 1. Dans
un environnement utilisateur, une application GIS (système d’information géographique) obtient
généralement ses données d’entrée à partir d’un identificateur de données externes. En règle générale, ces
données doivent être converties en une représentation interne de l’environnement GIS de l’utilisateur.
Cela est possible grâce au service de convertisseur de localisation de point géographique, qui recherche
tout d’abord dans l’environnement d’un registre la possibilité d’une transformation (c’est-à-dire recherche
de spécifications) et demande à l’environnement du registre les informations requises pour transformer
la GPLR dans l’environnement GIS de l’utilisateur (c’est-à-dire demande de spécification). À cette fin, le
service de convertisseur de localisation de point géographique transmet à l’environnement du registre
l’identification de la GPLR à partir de la source des données externes.
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ISO 19145:2013(F)

Dans l’environnement du registre, c’est le service de registre qui reçoit la demande. En utilisant
l’identification de la GPLR transmise par le service de conversion, il obtient la spécification de la
représentation à partir du registre (c’est-à-dire la base de données de représentation de localisation de
point géographique), y compris les conversions possibles en d’autres représentations, et répond au service
de conversion. Enfin, le service de conversion obtient les informations de description (c’est-à-dire les
spécifications de localisation de point géographique) de la représentation comprenant les conversions, déjà
connues, en d’autres représentations, et le service de convertisseur de localisation de point géographique
décide de l’information qui correspond le mieux à l’environnement GIS de l’utilisateur.
Responsable de
localisation de point
géographique
Spéci ications de
Données
localisation de
externes
Demande de
point géographique
spéci ication
Recherche de
spéci ications
Convertisseur
de localisation
Registre
de point
géographique
Base de données
de représentations
GIS
Convertisseur de
de localisation de
localisation de
point géographique
point
géographique
Environnement
utilisateur
Figure 1 — Environnement et registre utilisateur
5.3 Conversion de données statique et dynamique
Deux types de mécanisme de conversion de données sont reconnus: la conversion statique et la
conversion dynamique.
La conversion de données statique est habituellement un processus hors ligne permettant de réaliser une
conversion globale d’une grande quantité de données. Une telle conversion est réalisée par conversion
par lots d’ensembles de données géographiques statiques, comme la conversion de cartes numériques
d’un format en un autre. Une autre méthode consiste à réaliser un processus de fusion qui intègre des
ensembles de données géographiques multiples représentés par divers formats dans un ensemble
commun de données sous un format unique.
La conversion de données dynamique fait référence à un mécanisme de traitement en ligne et en temps
réel. Cela signifie qu’une GPL (localisation de point géographique) peut être importée ou exportée via
un réseau sans fil, convertie et utilisée par un terminal mobile de la même manière que dans le cadre
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ISO 19145:2013(F)

de la télématique. Par exemple, la localisation d’entités mobiles peut être suivie au niveau mondial par
des détecteurs RFID via les passerelles RFID réparties permettant de gérer les diverses GPL et de les
convertir à partir de divers systèmes et représentations par coordonnées.
Par conséquent, dans le cadre des conversions statiques et dynamiques, un registre de représentations
de localisation de point géographique sert de ressource pour identifier le format de représentation dans
lequel une GPL est codée, contribuer au décodage de la GPL par l’application (en ligne ou hors ligne) et
favoriser le processus de codage dans un autre format de représentation requis.
6 Gestion des registres et des systèmes de registres
La tenue des registres nécessite plusieurs acteurs, chacun d’eux jouant un rôle spécifique. L’ISO 19135
identifie et décrit les acteurs suivants:
— organisme de contrôle;
— responsable de registre;
— propriétaire de registre;
— responsable du système de registre;
— organisme de soumission.
La gestion des systèmes de registres et des registres doit être telle que spécifiée dans l’ISO 19135.
7 Schéma du registre
7.1 Contexte
L’Article 7 spécifie le contenu et la structure du registre de GPLR dans un schéma UML (voir l’Annexe C
pour un résumé de la notation UML). Le schéma comprend un seul module mais fait référence aux
classes du module «Conceptual Schema Language» (langage de schéma conceptuel) de l’ISO/TS 19103,
du module «Metadata» (Métadonnées) de l’ISO 19115 et des Procédures de l’ISO 19135 pour le module
d’enregistrement (Figure 2). Il contient des informations sur le registre lui-même et des informations
sur les représentations de localisations de point géographique (Figure 3).
ISO 19135:2005 Procédures pour l’enregistrement d’éléments
ISO 19145 Registre des représentations
(de l’ISO 19135 Toutes procédures pour l’enregistrement)
de localisation de point géographique
ISO 19115:2005 Métadonnées
(de l’ISO 19115 Métadonnées)
(de l’ISO TC 211)
ISO 19103:2005 Langage de schéma conceptuel
(de l’ISO 19103 Langage de schéma Conceptuel)
Figure 2 — Dépendances du module GPLR
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ISO 19145:2013(F)

ISO 19135 Procédures
pour l’enregistrement
GPLR_Register
d’éléments::RE_Register
{leaf}
+register 1.*
Content
0.*
+containedItem
+containedItem 1.*
+outFormat
ISO 19135 Procédures
GPLR_ConversionService
GPLR_item 1.*
pour l’enregistrement
+converter
{leaf}
{root,leaf}
d’éléments::RE_Registerltem
0.*
+crsSupport 1 0.1 +compressionTechnique
GPLR_CRSupport
GPLR_Compression
{root,leaf}
{root,leaf}
Figure 3 — Présentation du schéma UML du registre de GPLR
7.2 GPLR_Register (Registre_GPLR)
7.2.1 Sémantique
La classe GPLR_Register (Figure 4) spécifie les informations concernant un registre de représentations
de localisation de point géographique. La classe GPLR_Register est par essence une sous-classe de RE_
Register de l’ISO 19135 et hérite à ce titre de toutes ses propriétés, relations et comportements (voir
l’ISO 19135:2005, 8.2).
7.2.2 Content (Contenu)
L’association Content regroupe les GPLR_Items qui font partie de GPLR_Register. Cette association est
par essence l’équivalent de l’association Content entre RE_Register et RE_RegisterItem de l’ISO 19135.
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ISO 19145:2013(F)

ISO 19135:2005 Procédures pour l’enregistrement
d’éléments::RE_Register
+ name :CharacterString
GPLR_Register
+ contentSummary :CharacterString
+ uniformResourceIdentiier :CI_OnlineResource [1.*]
{leaf}
+ operatingLanguage :RE_Locale
+ alternativeLanguages :Set
constraints
+ version :RE_Version [0.1]
{count(self.version +self.dateOfLastChange) >=1}
+ dateOfLastChange :Date[0.1]
constraints
{count(self.version +self.dateOfLastChange) >=1}
Content
+register 1.*
Content
+containedItem 1.*
+containedItem 1.*
GPLR_Item
{leaf}
ISO 19135:2005 Procédures pour
l’enregistrement d’éléments::RE_RegisterItem
constraints
{count(self.legalConstraints.accessConstraints) >=1}
Figure 4 — GPLR_Register
7.3 GPLR_Item
7.3.1 Sémantique
La classe GPLR_Item (Figure 5) spécifie les informations qui décrivent les représentations de localisation
de point géographique. La classe GPLR_Item est par essence une sous-classe de RE_RegisterItem de
l’ISO 19135 et à ce titre hérite de toutes ses propriétés, relations et comportements (voir l’ISO 19135:2005,
8.8). Elle ajoute cinq attributs et trois rôles d’association: gplrID, specificationName, version,
legalConstraints, type, crsSupport, converter et compressionTechnique. Ces informations fournissent des
détails sur la manière dont une localisation de point géographique est rendue, compressée et peut être
convertie en une autre représentation.
7.3.2 gplrID
L’attribut obligatoire gplrID est un identificateur qui distingue de façon unique parmi d’autres une
représentation spécifique de localisation de point géographique dans le cadre du registre. Il est
destiné à être utilisé pour le traitement de l’information. Il est représenté par une chaîne de caractères
«CharacterString» (voir l’ISO/TS 19103).
7.3.3 specificationName
L’attribut obligatoire specificationName désigne une représentation spécifique de localisation de point
géographique. Une représentation spécifique de localisation de point géographique est représentée par
une CI_Citation (voir l’ISO 19115). Dans la CI_Citation, le titre de l’attribut identifie le nom spécifique de
la représentation de la localisation de point géographique et l’attribut citedResponsibleParty fournit les
détails des ressources relatives à la représentation de localisation de point géographique. Dans le cadre
de la présente Norme internationale, ces deux attributs sont obligatoires.
7.3.4 version
L’attribut obligatoire version fournit des informations concernant la version spécifique de la
représentation de localisation de point géographique. Il est représenté par une GPLR_Version.
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ISO 19145:2013(F)

ISO 19135:2005 Procédures pour l’enregistrement
d’éléments::RE_RegisterItem
+ itemIdentiier :Integer
+ name :CharacterString
+ /status :RE_ItemStatus
+ dateAccepted :Date [0.1]
+ dateAmended :Date [0.1]
+ deinition :CharacterString
+ description :CharacterString [0.1]
GPLR_Register
+ ieldOfApplication :Set [0.1] {leaf}
+ alternativeExpressions :Set [0.1]
Content
+containedItem 1.*
GPLR_Item
«CodeList»
GPLR_RepresentationType
{leaf}
+converter
{root,leaf}
GPLR_ConversionService
+ gplrID :CharacterString
+ text {root,leaf}
+ speciicationName :CI_Citation
0.*
+ binary
+ version :GPLR_Version
+ XML
+ legalConstraints
...