SIST EN ISO 8049:2016

Ferronickel shot - Sampling for analysis (ISO 8049:2016)

This International Standard defines a method of sampling for analysis of ferronickel lots in the form of
shot as specified in ISO 6501 in those cases where lots are constituted either heat by heat or by taking
from blended stock.
The purpose is to determine the contents of the various elements
— either from slugs by physical analysis methods (such as X-ray fluorescence or emission spectral
analysis), or
— from chips by dry methods (carbon, sulfur) or chemical analysis (other elements).

Ferronickelschrot - Probenahme für Analyse (ISO 8049:2016)

Ferro-nickel en grenailles - Échantillonnage pour analyse (ISO 8049:2016)

ISO 8049:2016 prescrit une méthode d'échantillonnage pour analyse de lots de ferro-nickel en grenailles tels qu'ils sont décrits dans I'ISO 6501, dans les cas où les lots sont constitués soit coulée par coulée, soit par reprise sur stock homogénéisé.
L'objectif est de déterminer des teneurs en différents éléments:
-      soit sur pastilles massives par des méthodes physiques d'analyse (fluorescence X ou analyse spectrale d'émission); ou
-      soit sur copeaux, par voie sèche (carbone, soufre) ou par voie chimique (autres éléments).

Feronikelj v zrnih - Vzorčenje za analizo (ISO 8049:2016)

Ta mednarodni standard določa metodo za vzorčenje za analizo deležev feroniklja v obliki zrn, kot je opredeljeno v standardu ISO 6501, kadar so deleži sestavljeni ločeno ali vzeti iz premešane zaloge.
Namen je določiti vsebnost različnih elementov:
– iz palic z metodo fizikalne analize (npr. analiza z rentgensko fluorescenco ali spektralno emisijo); ali
– iz drobcev z metodo sušenja (ogljik, žveplo) ali s kemijsko analizo (drugi elementi).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Jul-2015
• Publication Date: 16-Aug-2016
• ICS: 77.100 - Ferroalloys
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 12-Jul-2016
• Due Date: 16-Sep-2016
• Completion Date: 17-Aug-2016
• Ref Project: EN ISO 8049:2016 - Ferronickel shot - Sampling for analysis (ISO 8049:2016)

Relations

• Revised: SIST EN 28049:2009 - Ferronickel shot - Sampling for analysis (ISO 8049:1988)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Replaces: SIST EN 28049:2009 - Ferronickel shot - Sampling for analysis (ISO 8049:1988)
• Effective Date: 06-Jul-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
01-september-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 28049:2009
)HURQLNHOMY]UQLK9]RUþHQMH]DDQDOL]R,62
Ferronickel shot - Sampling for analysis (ISO 8049:2016)
Ferronickelschrot - Probenahme für Analyse (ISO 8049:2016)
Ferro-nickel en grenailles - Échantillonnage pour analyse (ISO 8049:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 8049:2016
ICS:
77.100 Železove zlitine Ferroalloys
SIST EN ISO 8049:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016


EN ISO 8049
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

June 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.100 Supersedes EN 28049:1992
English Version

Ferronickel shot - Sampling for analysis (ISO 8049:2016)
Ferro-nickel en grenailles - Échantillonnage pour Ferronickelschrot - Probenahme für Analyse (ISO
analyse (ISO 8049:2016) 8049:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 May 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 8049:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
EN ISO 8049:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
EN ISO 8049:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 8049:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 155 "Nickel and
nickel alloys".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2016, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 28049:1992.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 8049:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 8049:2016 without any modification.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8049
Second edition
2016-06-01
Ferronickel shot — Sampling for
analysis
Ferro-nickel en grenailles — Échantillonnage pour analyse
Reference number
ISO 8049:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
ISO 8049:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
ISO 8049:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Form and packaging of product . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Taking of the primary sample and then of the intermediate sample .2
5.1 Blended lots . 2
5.1.1 Bulk sampling in the case of a suitable system for taking the primary sample . 2
5.1.2 Sampling of bulk material when no adequate primary sampling system
is available . 3
5.1.3 Sampling of a drum-packed lot . 3
5.1.4 Sampling of a container-packed lot . 3
5.2 Particular case of a lot made up of one single heat. 5
6 Treatment of the intermediate sample and taking of the secondary sample .5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Blended lot . 5
6.3 Lot made up of a single heat . 5
7 Remelting of the secondary sample . 5
8 Use of small ingots (secondary increments) . 6
Annex A (informative) Justification of the number of primary and secondary increments .8
Annex B (informative) Methods for taking a sample of size N in a supply of M items .17
Annex C (informative) Technical conditions for drilling and milling .21
Bibliography .29
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
ISO 8049:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 155, Nickel and nickel alloys.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8049:1988). The following change has
been made: 5.1.4 has been added.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8049:2016(E)
Ferronickel shot — Sampling for analysis
1 Scope
This International Standard defines a method of sampling for analysis of ferronickel lots in the form of
shot as specified in ISO 6501 in those cases where lots are constituted either heat by heat or by taking
from blended stock.
The purpose is to determine the contents of the various elements
— either from slugs by physical analysis methods (such as X-ray fluorescence or emission spectral
analysis), or
— from chips by dry methods (carbon, sulfur) or chemical analysis (other elements).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 513:2012, Classification and application of hard cutting materials for metal removal with defined
cutting edges — Designation of the main groups and groups of application
3 Form and packaging of product
Grain size: between 3 mm and 50 mm.
Lot tonnage: equal to or greater than 5 t.
In the case of lots taken from blended stock, the nickel content range k to (k + n) % of the blended heats
shall be chosen as follows:
— 15 ≤ k ≤ 59;
— 1 ≤ n ≤ 5;
— 16 ≤ k + n ≤ 60.
NOTE The case of non-blended lots (case n ≤ 1) is not dealt with in this International Standard.
The ferronickel shot is generally delivered in bulk form in units which may be trucks, containers, or
railroad cars, of which the contained masses normally range from 5 t to 30 t, although in the case of
railroad cars, loads may have masses up to 60 t.
This type of ferronickel can also be delivered drum-packed (the contained mass of which may be
250 kg).
4 Principle
In a single heat, intergrain homogeneity is practically ensured. It is therefore very easy to obtain a
representative “primary sample” from a small number of “primary increments”.
In the case of a blended lot composed of several heats, a greater number of primary increments, N ,
P
should be taken, but the whole still constitutes the primary sample.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
ISO 8049:2016(E)

After blending and mass division of the primary sample, an “intermediate sample” is obtained having a
reasonable mass for laboratory treatment. The treatment of the intermediate sample gives a “secondary
sample”, which may be divided in N “secondary increments” not exceeding a mass of 1 kg individually.
s
Each secondary increment is then remelted under appropriate conditions so that no variation in
composition can be observed and that N homogeneous small ingots be obtained (within-small-ingot
s
homogeneity).
NOTE It is generally accepted that 1 kg is the maximum mass which can be accommodated in a laboratory
furnace for re-casting under the required conditions. According to the grain size distribution of shot, it is often
necessary for the secondary sample to exceed 1 kg in order to be representative. Hence, the necessity of melting
several small ingots. See the statistical justification in Annex A.
The small ingots are then either used for physico-chemical analysis or machined into chips for chemical
analysis. (This procedure is summed up in Figure A.1.)
5 Taking of the primary sample and then of the intermediate sample
5.1 Blended lots
5.1.1 Bulk sampling in the case of a suitable system for taking the primary sample
This can be performed, for example, by emptying the shot into a bin with reclaim by belt conveyor.
From the conveyor discharge, two possibilities are as follows:
— to have a true sampling system respecting the rules of the art for sampling of particulate material
(such as a cross stream sampler);
— to take increments at regularly spaced intervals, using a power shovel with a dipper intercepting
the shot stream in a representative manner.
The mass of each primary increment shall be, in this case, not less than 20 kg, and is generally between
20 kg and 50 kg.
The number of primary increments, N , to be selected is shown in Table 1.
p
Table 1 — Minimum number of primary increments to be selected
Range of nickel contents, n
Sample Tonnage
n < 1 1 ≤ n < 2 2 ≤ n < 3 3 ≤ n < 4 4 ≤ n ≤ 5
5 to 50 5 10 15 20 30
Numbers of primary
50 to 200 7 12 17 22 35
increments
200 to 500 10 15 20 25 40
N
p
500 to 2 500 15 20 25 30 45
Number of secondary
increments
1 2 3 4 5
a
N
s
a
This indicates the number of small ingots to be remelted in the hypothesis of 1 kg per small ingot. (If the maximum
mass which can be remelted is 1lx kg, the number of small ingots to be remelted is x × N .)
s
The primary sample shall then be mass-divided into smaller units, in order to obtain an intermediate
sample having a mass which can reasonably be sent to the laboratory for further preparation, 20 kg to
50 kg, say.
This can be accomplished with automatic mass dividers (such as rotary dividers) of suitable size with
respect to the particle size of the product being handled.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
ISO 8049:2016(E)

Failing such equipment, the division can be made by alternate shovelling from the primary sample
stockpile. As a precaution against material spill during shovelling, it is recommended that a scoop or
coal-miner’s-type shovel be used.
For example, every fifth shovelful or less would be taken and this division would be repeated a sufficient
number of times to obtain the desired sample mass of 20 kg to 50 kg.
5.1.2 Sampling of bulk material when no adequate primary sampling system is available
In this case, hand sampling shall be performed by alternate shovelling on each unit to be checked (truck,
railroad car, container, etc.). The number of units to be checked is the number N in Table 1 or the total
p
number of units if it is less than N . For this purpose, the rules for random sampling given in Annex B
p
may be applied.
EXAMPLE When unloading a 20 t truck on to the ground, sampling could proceed as follows:
— shovel the 20 t, setting aside every fifth shovelful;
— from the 4 t obtained, set aside every fifth shovelful;
— from the 800 kg obtained, set aside every fifth shovelful;
— from the 160 kg obtained, set aside every fifth shovelful;
— send the 32 kg obtained to the laboratory.
In this example, an intermediate sample is obtained for the checked unit.
If more than one unit is checked in the same lot, intermediate samples in each unit can be blended and
mass division carried out again until an intermediate sample representative of the lot is obtained. In
this case, the intermediate sample mass can be reduced to 10 kg to 20 kg.
5.1.3 Sampling of a drum-packed lot
The number of drums from which increments should be taken is the number N in Table 1 or the total
p
number of drums if this is less than N
p.
NOTE In general, drum-packaging is used for low-tonnage lots. The first line of the table is therefore
applicable in most cases.
A minimum of 1 kg of shot or more, if required, per selected drum is taken to obtain a mass in excess of
20 kg, generally between 20 kg and 50 kg.
If the contents of each drum are assumed to be homogeneous, the sample may be taken from the top of
the drum. If not, the drums shall be emptied and the sample taken by alternate shovelling.
5.1.4 Sampling of a container-packed lot
5.1.4.1 Principle
This sampling method is applicable only for the determination of the nickel content (Ni).
The aim of this proposal is to simplify the sampling mode of a ferronickel delivery at customer site.
Indeed generally,
— the end user does not have the appropriate means to proceed rigorously with this standard to
sample the product, and
— when the end user gets the analytical results on the delivery, the lot is already partially or totally
consumed, and consequently a further contradictory sampling is not possible.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
ISO 8049:2016(E)

This way of doing can be only used in the case of a blended lot which has been constituted with
several heats (presenting different chemical analysis) stored in a big stand. When the stand is full, the
homogenization of the stand shall be carried out and the parameters of exactness and reliability of the
stand should be determined.
The exactness is the difference in Ni content between the first and the last heat.
The reliability is the biggest difference in Ni content between two heats.
The values of those both parameters will determine the way to go with the customer lot analysis:
— under certain values the customer lot analysis will be the one of the stand;
— above these values the customer lot will be sampled during the containers loading and the customer
lot analysis will be the one of the representative sample of the customer lot.
5.1.4.2 Sampling method
If the conditions described previously are fulfilled for the stand, only one container (taken at random)
of the customer lot can be sampled.
EXAMPLE To sample a 20 t container, sampling could proceed as follows:
— take a minimum of 16 portions of ~5 kg shots, largely scattered in the metal mass (into the container or
spread on a clean ground), 8 at the surface and 8 inside the mass, to obtain a sample of approximately 80 kg;
— homogenize this sample using a suitable riffle divider (D62 is minimum) or by alternate shovelling;
— make successive divisions using a suitable riffle divider or by alternate shovelling to finally obtain two twin
samples of ~5 kg to be packed in sealed plastic bags with lot reference labelling.
— one sample is provided to the laboratory for preparation and analysis, the second is kept for a possible other
control.
Ni content is then determined with the appropriate analytical method and compared with the Ni
content of the stand as follows:
— If x - 3′ σ < X < x + 3′ σ , the customer lot is in accordance with the supplier analysis certificate;
s c s
— If X is out of the interval, the customer lot is not in accordance with the supplier analysis certificate
c
where
X is the Ni content (obtained by the customer at lot reception) in the sampled container;
c
x is the Ni content of the supplier analysis certificate;
σ is the calculated standard deviation of Ni contents in the containers;
s
where
σσ=−1 ρ
()
se h
where
is the calculated standard deviation of Ni content in the heats constituting the stand;
σ
e
is the homogenization rate of the stand (determined by the supplier).
ρ
h
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
ISO 8049:2016(E)

5.2 Particular case of a lot made up of one single heat
As inter-grain homogeneity is ensured, it is sufficient to take the minimum quantity of material for
small ingot remelting (1 kg for example).
To have more adequate guarantee, a small number of primary samples, for example, 3 to 5, can be taken
(either by bulk sampling or sampling from drums), then blended and mass divided in order to obtain an
intermediate sample of 5 kg to 10 kg.
If the lot is not assumed to be made up of a single heat, one of the procedures described in 5.1 shall be
applied.
6 Treatment of the intermediate sample and taking of the secondary sample
6.1 General
This is generally carried out in the laboratory sampling shop.
6.2 Blended lot
The intermediate sample is blended, then mass-divided preferably using a riffle divider of appropriate
dimensions or failing this, by alternate shovelling, until a mass equal to or slightly exceeding the mass,
in kilograms, in the last line of Table 1 is obtained. In the table, N is the number of small ingots to be
s
remelted when 1 kg of material can be melted in one operation. (If melting is achieved by masses of
1/x kg, the number of small ingots to be remelted is x × N .)
s
The colander width shall be at least three times the mean diameter of the largest shot.
The mass defined by the rule above is the mass to be remelted and to be used for representative analysis.
If a sampling reject or second unmelted secondary sample is to be kept, the corresponding quantity of
material shall be set aside at the time of mass divisions.
6.3 Lot made up of a single heat
To be representative, a small ingot having a mass of 250 g to 1 000 g shall be obtained. This is obtained
by blending and mass division of the intermediate sample made in accordance with 5.2 until the mass
required for remelting is obtained.
7 Remelting of the secondary sample
Remelting shall be performed in conditions such that no variation in content (of either Ni or the
impurities to be checked) occurs either during melting or casting of the final sample (slugs, rondelles,
or small ingots).
In practice, the melting shall be done by induction heating in order to be carried out rapidly, it
generally requires argon protection. The melted sample can be cooled and solidified in the melting pot
itself, provided that argon protection is provided. However, it is much better to cast after melting by
centrifuging. This ensures the following:
— an excellent homogeneity of the sample produced as a result of mixing the molten metal during its
injection into the mould;
— a uniform crystalline structure which fosters a good repeatability of the measurements for physical
analysis methods. The argon protection should preferably be maintained during centrifuging.
It is recommended that a reagent (such as aluminium chips in a proportion of 1 g/kg to 2 g/kg) be
introduced to kill the shot to be remelted. Naturally, the dilution undergone by the sample can be taken
into account to correct the nickel content found during final analysis.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 5

---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
ISO 8049:2016(E)

8 Use of small ingots (secondary increments)
8.1 The small ingots produced are truncated near their base to obtain a slice having a thickness of
some 15 mm to 20 mm.
The slices obtained can be used for physical analysis and the average value of the analyses is calculated.
8.2 It is also possible to take chips by drilling or milling on the remaining parts of the small ingots.
Chips coming from all the small ingots are conditioned for analysis by dry methods (sulfur and carbon)
or chemical analysis (for the other elements).
8.2.1 Precautions for chip machining
Machining (and preferably milling) shall be carried out in such a way that chips cannot be contaminated
(either by cutting tool wear or by dust or grease). In particular, the work shall be carried out under dry
conditions.
For the detailed technical conditions of machining, see Annex C.
Some ferronickel types are very hard, hence, the need to select appropriate cutting tools and cutting
conditions with great care.
Machining will generally be easier if the small ingot is previously annealed.
8.2.2 Treatment of chips
8.2.2.1 Washing
When surface contamination of chips (by lubricants, dust, etc., inevitably present when working with
machine tools) is feared, it is strongly recommended that the chips be washed twice in pure acetone (or
once in pure acetone and once in pure ether).
The solvent is drained off. Residual solvent is then evaporated in the air and the sample is dried for a
minimum of 0,5 h in an oven maintained at 100 °C to 110 °C.
The use of pure organic solvents and their utmost removal is required for later determination of carbon
and sulfur with automatic devices according to dry instrumental techniques.
8.2.2.2 Crushing
If chips come from a single small ingot, due to the fact that cast small ingots are very homogeneous, it is
not necessary to crush the chips.
NOTE This is all the more valid the finer the chips. Millings are finer than drillings.
If several small ingots have been cast it is useful, when possible, to crush the chips in order to achieve
homogeneity between the chips from various small ingots.
In practice, crushability depends on the following:
— the nickel content, if it exceeds 35 %, the alloy becomes ductile and is difficult to crush;
— the impurity contents (above all carbon): high-carbon ferronickels can be crushed much finer than
low-carbon ferronickels.
In the case of crushable ferronickels, a suitable crusher shall be used which does not introduce
contamination with iron. Vibration mill laboratory crushers used for a duration of 10 s to 30 s are
suitable. It is desirable that the crushing container be of tungsten carbide or, if this is not possible, of
special anti-wear steel (ball-type or bar-type crushers are not permissible).
6 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 8049:2016
ISO 8049:2016(E)

In the case of ferronickels having nickel contents less than 35 %, 30 s crushing gives such fine material
that almost all can be considered as undersize in case of sieving:
— on a sieve having a 2,5 mm aperture size (8 mesh), for low-carbon ferronickel (LC);
— on a sieve having a 0,8 mm aperture size (20 mesh) for medium-carbon ferronickels (MC) and high-
carbon ferronickels (HC).
8.2.2.3 Homogenization and bottling
When the chips derive from several small ingots, it is necessary to achieve homogenization (using a
mechanical homogenizer or repeated alternative shovelling, or several passes through a riffle divider
keeping all the material, etc.).
The sample shall be subdivided in several portions using a riffle divider or a sample distributor. The
number of fractions will depend on the required number of test samples for analysis to be kept by the
interested parties.
The minimum distribution shall be the following:
— one for the purchaser,
— one for the vendor,
— one for the referee,
— one reserved.
For low-carbon ferronickels (LC), ail handling operations shall be carried out so that no carbon
contamination can occur (no contact with paper, cardboard, rubber, cork, or plastics; metallic materials
and aluminium foils can be used).
...