SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
(Main)Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the spray application process - Part 1: Vocabulary and preparation of test panels (ISO 28199-1:2021)
Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the spray application process - Part 1: Vocabulary and preparation of test panels (ISO 28199-1:2021)
This document defines terms relating to the evaluation of coating materials in research, development
and production with regard to their suitability and safety for industrial processes and error analysis.
This document also specifies methods for the preparation of test panels and the subsequent
measurement of film thickness, colour, surface texture and other measurable surface properties.
Beschichtungsstoffe - Beurteilung spritzapplikationsbedingter Eigenschaften von Beschichtungssystemen - Teil 1: Begriffe und Vorbereitung der Probenplatten (ISO 28199-1:2021)
Dieses Dokument legt Begriffe zur Beurteilung von Beschichtungsstoffen in Forschung, Entwicklung und Produktion bezüglich ihrer Prozesseignung, Prozesssicherheit und Fehleranalyse fest.
Dieses Dokument legt auch Verfahren zum Vorbereiten der Probenplatten und zum anschließenden Messen von Schichtdicke, Farbe, Oberflächenstruktur und weiteren messbaren Oberflächeneigenschaften fest.
Peintures et vernis - Évaluation des propriétés des systèmes de revêtement liées au mode d'application par pulvérisation - Partie 1: Vocabulaire et préparation des panneaux d'essai (ISO 28199-1:2021)
Le présent document définit des termes liés à l'évaluation des matériaux de revêtement, aux niveaux recherche, développement et production, en ce qui concerne leur adaptation aux procédés industriels et leur sécurité ainsi que l'analyse des erreurs.
Le présent document spécifie également des méthodes de préparation des panneaux d'essai et de mesurage ultérieur de l'épaisseur du feuil, de sa couleur, de sa texture superficielle et d'autres propriétés de surface mesurables.
Barve in laki - Vrednotenje lastnosti premaznih sistemov pri nanašanju s prašenjem - 1. del: Slovar in priprava preskusnih plošč (ISO 28199-1:2021)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
01-junij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2010
SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2010/AC:2010
Barve in laki - Vrednotenje lastnosti premaznih sistemov pri nanašanju s
prašenjem - 1. del: Slovar in priprava preskusnih plošč (ISO 28199-1:2021)
Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the spray
application process - Part 1: Vocabulary and preparation of test panels (ISO 28199-
1:2021)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Beurteilung spritzapplikationsbedingter Eigenschaften von
Beschichtungssystemen - Teil 1: Begriffe und Vorbereitung der Probenplatten (ISO
28199-1:2021)
Peintures et vernis - Évaluation des propriétés des systèmes de revêtement liées au
mode d'application par pulvérisation - Partie 1: Vocabulaire et préparation des panneaux
d'essai (ISO 28199-1:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ICS:
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
EN ISO 28199-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 87.040 Supersedes EN ISO 28199-1:2009
English Version
Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of properties of coating
systems related to the spray application process - Part 1:
Vocabulary and preparation of test panels (ISO 28199-
1:2021)
Peintures et vernis - Évaluation des propriétés des Beschichtungsstoffe - Beurteilung
systèmes de revêtement liées au mode d'application spritzapplikationsbedingter Eigenschaften von
par pulvérisation - Partie 1: Vocabulaire et préparation Beschichtungssystemen - Teil 1: Begriffe und
des panneaux d'essai (ISO 28199-1:2021) Vorbereitung der Probenplatten (ISO 28199-1:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 March 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 28199-1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
EN ISO 28199-1:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
EN ISO 28199-1:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 28199-1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35 "Paints
and varnishes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 139 “Paints and varnishes” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 28199-1:2009.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 28199-1:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 28199-1:2021 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28199-1
Second edition
2021-03
Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of
properties of coating systems related
to the spray application process —
Part 1:
Vocabulary and preparation of test
panels
Peintures et vernis — Évaluation des propriétés des systèmes de
revêtement liées au mode d'application par pulvérisation —
Partie 1: Vocabulaire et préparation des panneaux d'essai
Reference number
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 6
5 Apparatus . 7
6 Calibration . 7
7 Sampling . 7
8 Test panels . 7
8.1 Substrate . 7
8.2 Preparation of the test panel . 7
8.3 Coating of the test panel . 9
8.3.1 General. 9
8.3.2 Version A (perforated panel) . 9
8.3.3 Version B (non-perforated panel) .10
8.4 Film thickness .12
9 Procedure.13
9.1 Conditioning the test panels .13
9.2 Test conditions .13
9.3 Number of test panels to be measured .13
9.4 Test .13
9.4.1 Measurement pattern .13
9.4.2 Film thickness .15
9.4.3 Colour .15
9.4.4 Surface texture .16
9.4.5 Mottling . .16
9.4.6 Gloss .16
10 Evaluation .16
11 Precision .16
12 Test report .16
Annex A (informative) Examples of suitable application parameters .17
Bibliography .22
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 139, Paints and varnishes, in accordance with the
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 28199-1:2009), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 28199-1:2009/Cor.1: 2009.
The main changes to the previous edition are as follows:
— the terms "minimum film-build", "locally related measurements" and "locally unrelated
measurements" have been deleted;
— the terms "bubble formation limit" and "cratering" have been moved to ISO 28199-3;
— the terms "measurement pattern" and "dynamic spray pattern" have been added;
— the distinction between long-wavelength and short-wavelength ranges for the surface texture (3.13)
has been deleted;
— the descriptions of the automatic painting machine (5.1) and the device for automatic positioning of
measuring devices (5.2) have been revised;
— the description of the film thickness wedge (8.4) has been revised;
— the measurement pattern for colour measurement (9.4.3) has been adapted in line with the
measurement pattern for texture measurement (9.4.4) for version A of the samples;
— the measurements of mottling (9.4.5) and gloss (9.4.6) have been added;
— examples of applications with high-speed rotation have been added as new Figure 2 and in Annex A;
— the normative references have been updated;
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
— the text has been editorially revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 28199 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
Introduction
In many areas (e.g. car manufacture, industrial coatings, coatings for plastics) the coating materials
used are adapted to the specific application equipment and settings of the particular user. A coating
material is, therefore, to be understood as a semi-manufactured product that only achieves its final form
in combination with the specific application conditions. The adaptation to the application conditions is
therefore decisive for the quality of the coated product.
The test methods specified in ISO 28199 are based on studies by a working group of the European
Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR).
They may be used for evaluation of coating materials in research, development and production with
regard to their suitability and safety for industrial processes, and error analysis. The properties to
be evaluated for coating materials and coatings depend on the film thickness, so a coating system
of increasing or constant thickness is applied to one or more test panels under defined conditions
depending on the surface properties to be tested.
The following characteristics are measured (in this document):
— film thickness in accordance with ISO 2808;
— surface texture;
— colour in accordance with ISO 18314-1;
— mottling;
— gloss in accordance with ISO 2813.
In combination with visual assessment, the following properties are determined:
— Colour stability or colour evaluation, process hiding power, redissolving, overspray absorption,
wetting, surface texture and mottling (ISO 28199-2). The surface texture can be measured both
independently of the film thickness and at constant film thickness. Mottling is preferably measured
at constant film thickness.
— Tendency to sagging, formation of bubbles, pinholing and hiding power (see ISO 28199-3).
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of properties of coating
systems related to the spray application process —
Part 1:
Vocabulary and preparation of test panels
1 Scope
This document defines terms relating to the evaluation of coating materials in research, development
and production with regard to their suitability and safety for industrial processes and error analysis.
This document also specifies methods for the preparation of test panels and the subsequent
measurement of film thickness, colour, surface texture and other measurable surface properties.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness
ISO 3270, Paints and varnishes and their raw materials — Temperatures and humidities for conditioning
and testing
ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
ISO 18314-1, Analytical colorimetry — Part 1: Practical colour measurement
ISO 28199-2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the spray
application process — Part 2: Colour stability, process hiding power, re-dissolving, overspray absorption,
wetting, surface texture and mottling
ISO 28199-3, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the spray
application process — Part 3: Visual assessment of sagging, formation of bubbles, pinholing and hiding power
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
3.1
bubble
closed or already burst blister in a layer, arising when solvents or cleavage products evaporate from
chemical crosslinking
Note 1 to entry: If bubbles are caused by the process control, the formulation components or both, the viscosity of
the paint film has increased too rapidly during the drying phase so that solvents or reaction products still in the
paint film have built up at the polymer paint skin which forms, usually resulting in closed blisters and sometimes
resulting in burst blisters. Discontinuities can be identified in more detail using a cross-section.
3.2
colour stability
non-variability, or variability within agreed tolerances, of colour despite variation of influencing factors
Note 1 to entry: Examples of influencing factors are thickness and application method.
3.3
measurement pattern
distance between individual measurements on the test panel in the dx and dy directions
3.4
mottling
non-uniform appearance of a film caused by the presence of irregularly shaped, randomly distributed
areas on the surface that vary in colour and/or gloss
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.160]
3.5
overspray absorption
ability of a coating material already applied to absorb overspray particles of the same coating material
resulting from a subsequent application
Note 1 to entry: Evidence of poor overspray absorption is shown, for example, by raised surface texture (3.12)
and low colour stability (3.2) as well as mottling (3.4).
3.6
pinholing
presence of small holes in a film or coating resembling those made by a pin
Note 1 to entry: Pinholes can be caused by gas inclusions in the base coat that reveal a discontinuity after the
application of the clear coating material. They are often the result of inappropriate process parameters. Pinholes
are similar to craters and bubbles (3.1). Discontinuities can be identified in more detail using a cross-section.
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.195, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]
3.7
process hiding power
minimum thickness above which the complete coating system in combination with the colour of the
complete substrate achieves colour stability (3.2) or the colour location achieves a value agreed by the
interested parties
Note 1 to entry: See also “hiding power”, defined in ISO 4618:2014, 2.138, as “ability of a coating material or a
coating to obliterate the colour or the differences in colour of a substrate”.
3.8
redissolving
mutual effects between an already applied coating material and a subsequently applied coating material
where components of the subsequently applied coating interact with the already applied coating
Note 1 to entry: The interaction can be recognizable by a change in colour, for example.
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
3.9
sagging
downward movement of a coating material during application and/or drying or curing in a vertical or
an inclined position that results in irregularities in the dry coat
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.221, modified — "or curing" added in the definition.]
3.10
static spray pattern
distribution of the coating material after spray application using defined parameters, with both coated
object and spray application system at rest
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
Key
X width of the test panel, in millimetres
Y length of the test panel, in millimetres
Figure 1 — Example of a static spray pattern
3.11
dynamic spray pattern
distribution of the coating material after spray application using defined parameters, with coated
object and spray application system in relative motion
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
a) Pneumatically sprayed
b) Applied with high-speed electrostatic rotation — two-dimensional view
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 5
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
c) Applied with high-speed electrostatic rotation — three-dimensional view
Key
X width of the test panel, in millimetres
Y length of the test panel, in millimetres
Z film thickness, in micrometres
1 film thickness, in micrometres
NOTE Film thickness ranges shown in different colours.
Figure 2 — Example of a dynamic spray pattern
3.12
surface texture
visual appearance and visible recognisability of structures in the coating surface
Note 1 to entry: The recognizability of the surface texture depends on the topographic characteristics, the
observation distance and the image clarity of the surface. In the case of the so-called “orange peel” texture that
can occur with coatings, the ranges of surface wavelength are between 0,1 mm and 30 mm.
Certain characteristic parameters are calculated from these wavelength ranges by the interested parties.
The surface texture is influenced by the levelling (as defined in ISO 4618) of the still-liquid coating and by the
substrate, for example.
3.13
wetting
complete coverage of a substrate when a coating material forms a continuous film on a substrate
4 Principle
The coating material to be tested is applied to a test panel. Various optical properties are measured by
an appropriate procedure dependent on the film thickness.
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
5 Apparatus
Use ordinary laboratory apparatus and the following.
5.1 Automatic painting machine, used to coat the specified test panels according to the procedure
and accuracy specified in this document.
The accuracy of the film thickness profiles (wedge-shaped or constant) produced has a decisive
influence on the reproducibility and repeatability of the results obtained when using this procedure,
and the application parameters should therefore be as close as possible to those of the process to be
simulated.
NOTE Examples of suitable application parameters are given in Annex A.
5.2 Device for automatic positioning of measuring devices. It shall be possible to position
the measuring devices that are used on the coated test panels based on the specified measurement
pattern (9.4.1) in a reproducible manner using the device for automatic positioning of measuring devices.
6 Calibration
The measuring devices are calibrated and, if necessary, adjusted in accordance with the specifications
or standards of the relevant manufacturers. The positioning accuracy of the measuring devices in
accordance with the manufacturers’ specifications shall be ensured by regular maintenance of the
equipment (control of inspection, measuring and test equipment).
7 Sampling
Take a representative sample of the product to be investigated, in accordance with ISO 15528.
Examine and prepare each sample for testing, in accordance with ISO 1513.
8 Test panels
8.1 Substrate
Unless otherwise agreed, use either:
a) version A: perforated panel (see Figure 3) of dimensions 300 mm × 570 mm × 0,75 mm; or
NOTE The perforation is needed for the determination of sagging only.
b) version B: panel (see Figure 3) of dimensions 200 mm × 500 mm × 0,75 mm.
Only metal panels of defined surface quality as agreed between interested parties shall be used for
testing.
8.2 Preparation of the test panel
Figure 3 shows examples of usual preparations for test panels.
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:2021(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
a) Example 1 (version A) — Test panel before masking
b) Example 1 (version A) — Test panel after masking
8 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 28199-1:2021
ISO 28199-1:202
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
01-september-2020
Barve in laki - Vrednotenje lastnosti premaznih sistemov pri nanašanju - 1. del:
Slovar in priprava preskusnih plošč (ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020)
Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the
application process - Part 1: Relevant vocabulary and preparation of test panels
(ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020)
Beschichtungsstoffe - Beurteilung applikationsbedingter Eigenschaften von
Beschichtungssystemen - Teil 1: Begriffe und Vorbereitung der Probenplatten (ISO/DIS
28199-1:2020)
Peintures et vernis - Évaluation des propriétés des systèmes de revêtement liées au
mode d'application - Partie 1: Vocabulaire pertinent et préparation des panneaux d'essai
(ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 28199-1
ICS:
87.040 Barve in laki Paints and varnishes
oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 28199-1
ISO/TC 35/SC 9 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-06-23 2020-09-15
Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of properties of coating
systems related to the application process —
Part 1:
Relevant vocabulary and preparation of test panels
Peintures et vernis — Évaluation des propriétés des systèmes de revêtement liées au mode d'application —
Partie 1: Vocabulaire pertinent et préparation des panneaux d'essai
ICS: 87.040
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 6
5 Apparatus . 7
6 Calibration . 7
7 Sampling . 7
8 Test panels . 7
8.1 Substrate . 7
8.2 Preparation of the test panel . 7
8.3 Coating of the test panel . 8
8.3.1 General. 8
8.3.2 Version A (perforated panel) . 8
8.3.3 Version B (non-perforated panel) . 9
8.4 Film thickness .11
9 Procedure.12
9.1 Conditioning the test panels .12
9.2 Test conditions .12
9.3 Number of test panels to be measured .12
9.4 Test .12
9.4.1 Measurement pattern .12
9.4.2 Film thickness .14
9.4.3 Colour .14
9.4.4 Surface texture .15
9.4.5 Mottling . .15
9.4.6 Gloss .15
10 Evaluation .15
11 Precision .15
12 Test report .15
Annex A (informative) Examples of suitable application parameters .16
Bibliography .21
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 28199-1:2009), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— the terms locally related measurements and locally unrelated measurements have been deleted;
— the terms measurement pattern (3.5) and dynamic spray pattern (3.15) have been added;
— the distinction between long-wavelength and short-wavelength ranges for the surface texture (3.16)
has been deleted;
— the descriptions of the automatic painting machine (5.1) and the device for automatic positioning of
measuring devices (5.2) have been revised;
— the description of the film thickness wedge (8.4) has been revised;
— the measurement pattern for colour measurement (9.4.3) has been adapted in line with the
measurement pattern for texture measurement (9.4.4) for Version A of the samples;
— the measurement of mottling (9.4.5) and gloss (9.4.6) has been added;
— examples of applications with high-speed rotation have been added as new Figure 2 and in Annex A;
— the normative references have been updated;
— the text has been editorially revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 28199 series can be found on the ISO website.
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020(E)
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020(E)
Introduction
In many areas (e.g. car manufacture, industrial coatings, coatings for plastics) the coating materials
used are adapted to the specific application equipment and settings of the particular user. A coating
material is, therefore, to be understood as a semi-manufactured product that only achieves its final form
in combination with the specific application conditions. The adaptation to the application conditions is
therefore decisive for the quality of the coated product.
The test methods specified in ISO 28199 are based on studies by a Working Group of the European
Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR).
They may be used for evaluation of coating materials in research, development and production with
regard to their suitability and safety for industrial processes, and error analysis. The properties to
be evaluated for coating materials and coatings depend on the film thickness, so a coating system
of increasing or constant thickness is applied to one or more test panels under defined conditions
depending on the surface properties to be tested.
The following characteristics are measured (in this part of ISO 28199):
— film thickness in accordance with ISO 2808;
— surface texture;
— colour in accordance with ISO 18314-1;
— mottling;
— gloss in accordance with ISO 2813.
In combination with visual assessment, the following properties are determined:
— colour stability/colour evaluation, process hiding power, re-dissolving, overspray absorption,
wetting, surface texture and mottling (ISO 28199-2). The surface texture can be measured both
independently of the film thickness and at constant film thickness. Mottling is preferably measured
at constant film thickness;
— tendency to sagging, formation of bubbles, pinholing and hiding power (ISO 28199-3).
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020(E)
Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of properties of coating
systems related to the application process —
Part 1:
Relevant vocabulary and preparation of test panels
1 Scope
This document defines terms relating to the evaluation of coating materials in research, development
and production with regard to their suitability and safety for industrial processes and error analysis.
This document specifies methods for the preparation of test panels and the subsequent measurement
of film thickness, colour, surface texture and other measurable surface properties.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1513, Paints and varnishes — Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness
ISO 3270, Paints and varnishes and their raw materials — Temperatures and humidities for conditioning
and testing
ISO 18314-1, Analytical colorimetry — Part 1: Practical colour measurement
ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
ISO 28199-2, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the application
process — Part 2: Colour stability, process hiding power, re-dissolving, overspray absorption, wetting,
surface texture and mottling
ISO 28199-3, Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of properties of coating systems related to the application
process — Part 3: Visual assessment of sagging, formation of bubbles, pinholing and hiding power
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020(E)
3.1
bubble
closed or already burst blister in a layer, arising when solvents or cleavage products evaporate from
chemical crosslinking
Note 1 to entry: If bubbles are caused by the process control and/or the formulation components, the viscosity
of the paint film has increased too rapidly during the drying phase so that solvents/reaction products still in the
paint film have built up at the polymer paint skin which forms, usually resulting in closed blisters and sometimes
resulting in burst blisters. Discontinuities can be identified in more detail using a cross-section.
3.2
bubble formation limit
start of a number agreed between the interested parties of bubbles in a measurement field
Note 1 to entry: A single bubble does not define the bubble formation limit. Bubbles at the edge of the measuring
area and in the perforated area of the panel (see Figure 3) should not be taken into account.
3.3
colour stability
non-variability, or variability within agreed tolerances, of colour despite variation of influencing factors
Note 1 to entry: Examples of influencing factors are thickness and application method.
3.4
cratering
formation in a film or coating of small circular depressions that persist after drying/curing
Note 1 to entry: Craters can extend into deeper layers of a coating or into the substrate.
Note 2 to entry: Cratering is caused by limited irregularities in the surface tension of the coating. Contamination
of the substrate or coating with incompatible materials such as small oil drops or particles are the most
frequent causes.
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014, 2.66]
3.5
measurement pattern
distance between individual measurements on the test panel in the dx and dy directions
3.6
minimum film-build
lowest thickness at which a coating material forms a continuous film on a substrate
3.7
mottling
non-uniform appearance of a film caused by presence of irregularly shaped, randomly distributed areas
on the surface that vary in colour and/or gloss
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014; 2.160]
3.8
overspray absorption
ability of a coating material already applied to absorb overspray particles of the same coating material
resulting from a subsequent application
Note 1 to entry: Evidence of poor overspray absorption is shown, for example, by raised surface texture and low
colour stability as well as mottling.
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oSIST prEN ISO 28199-1:2020
ISO/DIS 28199-1:2020(E)
3.9
pinholing
presence of small holes in a film or coating resembling those made by a pin
Note 1 to entry: Pinholes can be caused by gas inclusions in the base coat that reveal a discontinuity after the
application of the clear coating material. They are often the result of inappropriate process parameters. Pinholes
are similar to craters and bubbles. Discontinuities can be identified in more detail using a cross-section.
[SOURCE: ISO 4618:2014; 2.195 modified: note added]
3.10
pinholing limit
start of a number agreed between the contractual parties of pinholes in a measurement field
Note 1 to entry: A single pinhole does not define the pinholing limit. Pinholes at the edge of the measuring area
and in the perforated area of the panel (see Figure 3) are not taken into account.
3.11
process hiding power
minimum thickness above which the complete coating system in combination with the colour of the
complete substrate achieves colour stability or the colour location achieves a value agreed by the
contractual partners
Note 1 to entry: See also “hiding power”, defined in ISO 4618:2014, 2.138 as “ability of a coating material or a
coating to obliterate the colour or the differences in colour of a substrate”.
3.12
re-dissolving
mutual effects between an already applied coating
...
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