SIST-TS CEN/TS 16524:2014
(Main)Mechanical products - Methodology for optimising environmental impacts in product design and development
Mechanical products - Methodology for optimising environmental impacts in product design and development
This Technical Specification describes a methodology for reducing the overall environmental impact through product design and development that is tailored to mechanical products as defined in 2.1. This methodology is particularly well suited to the redesign of an existing product; it can also be applied for the design of a new product provided the necessary assumptions regarding a (virtual) reference product are taken. It addresses enterprises which have decided to integrate an eco-design approach to optimise environmental impacts within the product life cycle, in relation to the other product aspects, such as functionality, quality, costs, etc. This document also includes a template that enterprises may use as part of the communication on their environmental approach. This document is neither intended nor suitable to compare products (even similar) of other suppliers. This document is neither intended nor suitable for certification purposes.
Mechanische Produkte - Methodik zur Verminderung der umweltrelevanten Auswirkungen bei Produktgestaltung und Entwicklung
Diese Technische Spezifikation beschreibt eine Methodik zur Verminderung der umweltrelevanten Auswirkungen bei Produktgestaltung und Entwicklung, die auf mechanische Produkte, wie unter 2.1 festgelegt, abgestimmt ist.
Diese Methodik ist besonders gut geeignet, ein schon vorhandenes Produkt neu zu gestalten; es kann gleichfalls unter der Voraussetzung, dass die notwendigen Schlussfolgerungen hinsichtlich eines (virtuellen) Referenzprodukts gezogen wurden, auf die Gestaltung eines neuen Produkts angewandt werden.
Es richtet sich an Unternehmen, die sich zur Verringerung der umweltrelevanten Auswirkungen im Verhältnis zu anderen Produktkomponenten wie Funktionalität, Qualität, Kosten, usw. für die Einbeziehung des Ansatzes der umweltverträglichen Gestaltung in den Produktlebenszyklus entschlossen haben.
ANMERKUNG 1 Dieses Dokument richtet sich sowohl an Personen, die unmittelbar in die Gestaltung und Entwicklung mechanischer Produkte einbezogen sind, als auch an Leitungspersonal, das für die Festlegung der Unternehmens-richtlinien verantwortlich ist, sowie an Entscheidungsträger. Die vorgeschlagene Methodik soll innerhalb von Unternehmen als Teil eines Ansatzes von kontinuierlichem Lernen und Entwickeln Initiativen zur umweltverträglichen Produktgestaltung auslösen.
Dieses Dokument enthält weiterhin eine Dokumentvorlage, die Unternehmen als Teil der Kommunikation ihres umweltbezogenen Ansatzes verwenden können.
Dieses Dokument ist für den Vergleich von Produkten anderer Lieferanten (selbst wenn diese ähnlich sind) weder ausgelegt noch geeignet.
Dieses Dokument ist für Zertifizierungszwecke weder ausgelegt noch geeignet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Ein Beispiel für die Umsetzung der Methodik ist in Anhang D aufgeführt; die Grundprinzipien bei der Umsetzung dieses Verfahrens sind in Anhang E aufgeführt.
Produits mécaniques - Méthodologie d'optimisation des impacts environnementaux à la conception et au développement des produits
La présente Spécification technique décrit une méthodologie d’amélioration de l'impact environnemental d’un produit lors de sa conception et de son développement, qui est adaptée aux produits mécaniques, tels que définis en 2.1.
Cette méthodologie est particulièrement adaptée à la re-conception d’un produit existant et peut également s’appliquer à une nouvelle conception sous réserve de formaliser les hypothèses nécessaires concernant le produit de référence (virtuel).
Elle s’applique aux entreprises qui ont décidé d’intégrer une démarche d’éco-conception en vue d'optimiser les impacts environnementaux de leurs produits pendant leur cycle de vie, en relation avec les autres aspects du produit, tels que la fonctionnalité, la qualité, les coûts, etc.
NOTE 1 Le présent document s’adresse aux personnes directement impliquées dans la conception et le développement de produits mécaniques ainsi qu’aux responsables de la définition des politiques d’entreprise et aux décideurs. La méthodologie proposée a pour but d'initier des démarches d'éco-conception au sein de l'entreprise dans un cadre d'apprentissage et d'amélioration continue.
Le présent document comprend également un modèle que l’entreprise peut utiliser dans le cadre de sa communication sur sa démarche environnementale.
Le présent document n'est pas destiné et n’est pas adapté à la comparaison de produits (même similaires) d’autres fournisseurs.
Le présent document n'est pas destiné et n’est pas adapté à la certification.
NOTE 2 Un exemple de mise en œuvre de la méthodologie est donnée en Annexe D ; les principes de base sur lesquels est basée cette méthode sont donnés en Annexe E.
Proizvodi strojne in kovinskopredelovalne industrije - Metodologija optimiziranja vplivov na okolje pri načrtovanju in razvoju proizvodov
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16524:2014
01-marec-2014
3URL]YRGLVWURMQHLQNRYLQVNRSUHGHORYDOQHLQGXVWULMH0HWRGRORJLMDRSWLPL]LUDQMD
YSOLYRYQDRNROMHSULQDþUWRYDQMXLQUD]YRMXSURL]YRGRY
Mechanical products - Methodology for optimising environmental impacts in product
design and development
Mechanische Produkte - Methodik zur Verminderung der umweltrelevanten
Auswirkungen bei Produktgestaltung und Entwicklung
Produits mécaniques - Méthodologie d'optimisation des impacts environnementaux à la
conception et au développement des produits
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16524:2013
ICS:
13.020.30 Ocenjevanje vpliva na okolje Environmental impact
assessment
SIST-TS CEN/TS 16524:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TS CEN/TS 16524:2014
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 16524
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
September 2013
ICS 13.020.30
English Version
Mechanical products - Methodology for reduction of
environmental impacts in product design and development
Produits mécaniques - Méthodologie de réduction des Mechanische Produkte - Methodik zur Verminderung der
impacts environnementaux à la conception et au Umweltauswirkungen bei Produktgestaltung und
développement des produits Entwicklung
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 8 June 2013 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16524:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .6
2 Terms and definitions .6
3 Abbreviated terms .8
4 Requirements .9
4.1 Application of the methodology .9
4.2 Description of the methodology .9
4.2.1 General .9
4.2.2 Step 1: determination of the scoring of the environmental aspects of the reference product . 12
4.2.3 Step 2: selection/ranking of design options . 16
4.2.4 Step 3: choice of suitable DO and EA indicators related to the reference product . 17
4.2.5 Step 4: evaluation of the redesign using DO and EA indicators . 18
4.2.6 Step 5: final assessment and consideration for future activities . 19
5 Environmental claim . 20
Annex A (normative) Environmental Questionnaire . 21
Annex B (normative) Analysis algorithm . 28
Annex C (informative) Examples of design options for environmental improvement of the product,
and associated DO indicators and EA indicators . 33
Annex D (informative) Example of implementation of the methodology . 39
D.1 General .3 9
D.2 Step 1 .3 9
D.2.1 Description of the reference product and the project perimeter . 39
D.2.2 Bill of Materials.3 9
D.2.3 Environmental questionnaire . 42
D.2.4 Analysis algorithm . 48
D.3 Steps 2 and 3 .5 4
Annex E (informative) Background of the algorithm . 57
E.1 Construction of the algorithm . 57
E.1.1 Overview .5 7
E.1.2 Rules for environmental analysis . 57
E.1.3 Consideration of legislation. 66
E.2 Validation of the algorithm . 66
Bibliography.6 7
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Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16524:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 406 “Project
Committee - Mechanical products - Ecodesign methodology”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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Introduction
Eco-design methodologies can be divided into three types, depending on whether their purpose is the
environmental assessment of products, the environmental improvement of products or to enable the two phases to
be carried out during the same eco-design project.
The environmental assessment phase of products in the eco-design process can be an impediment for enterprises
(owing to need for expertise, time and resources). Therefore, the methodology discussed in this document has
been developed with the aim of helping designers to identify ways of improving the environmental performance of a
product without carrying out a complete environmental assessment of the product (in terms of LCA).
The approach therefore consists of restricting the scope of analysis to the area defined by the constraints of the
product-enterprise pair, which takes into account the technical factors of the product, economic constraints, the
practices of an enterprise and its development strategies. Secondly, it consists of exploring the potential for
environmental improvement within this restricted field.
This Technical Specification is intended to give enterprises, in particular SMEs, a pragmatic methodology to
consider environmental aspects during their product design. It allows them to:
identify the environmental aspects of a product, including but not limited to energy aspects;
be able to make progress in product design (for environmental impact reduction), taking into account
capabilities of the enterprise;
promote to clients and public authorities the environmental improvement approach on a mechanical product
with this methodology (environmental claim).
The improvement of the environmental impact implies that the intended performance of the product (fitness for use,
durability, etc.) is maintained.
To implement this methodology, it is necessary that the enterprise staff have knowledge and expertise in
environmental issues; if not, external expertise should be available. When applying this methodology, management
of the enterprise may enter a learning process with the aim of defining and/or confirming its strategy for eco-design,
modifying its design process to enable the environmental issue to be taken into account, and creating new
knowledge.
The aim of this Technical Specification is not to measure the actual environmental performance of a product, nor to
conduct a full life cycle assessment according to ISO 14040.
Figure 1 shows the relationship between this document and existing documents from ISO.
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NOTE More specific methodologies might exist for specific mechanical products.
Figure 1 - Relationship between this document and existing documents from ISO
This Technical Specification can assist the enterprise to comply with the requirement of EN ISO 14001 and the
recommendations of EN ISO 14006, to establish, implement and maintain a procedure to identify the environmental
aspects of its products.
This Technical Specification is not intended to support any specific product implementing measures of Directive
2009/125/EC (Energy related Products). It may provide methodologies for identifying the more relevant
environmental aspects in order to propose alternative design options to improve the environmental performance of
the product.
This document is not intended for calculation of environmental footprint.
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1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes a methodology for reducing the overall environmental impact through
product design and development that is tailored to mechanical products as defined in 2.1.
This methodology is particularly well suited to the redesign of an existing product; it can also be applied for the
design of a new product provided the necessary assumptions regarding a (virtual) reference product are taken.
It addresses enterprises which have decided to integrate an eco-design approach to optimise environmental
impacts within the product life cycle, in relation to the other product aspects, such as functionality, quality, costs,
etc.
NOTE 1 This document targets persons who are directly involved in the design and development of mechanical products, as
well as managers responsible for defining corporate policies, and decision-makers. The proposed methodology is intended to
kick-start eco-design initiatives within companies as part of a teaching and continuous improvement approach.
This document also includes a template that enterprises may use as part of the communication on their
environmental approach.
This document is neither intended nor suitable to compare products (even similar) of other suppliers.
This document is neither intended nor suitable for certification purposes.
NOTE 2 An example of implementation of the methodology is given in Annex D; the basic principles for the establishment of
this method are given in Annex E.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
mechanical product
product manufactured by enterprises from mechanical engineering and metalworking industry, such as capital
goods (machinery, production systems, components), tools, household goods, optical parts, measuring instruments
2.2
reference product
existing product of the company to be re-designed, with the same intended use
Note 1 to entry: It can be also a similar product existing on the market, or the Technical Specification of a product.
2.3
environmental aspect
EA
element of an organisation's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment
Note 1 to entry: For this document, environmental aspects are categorised into Raw Materials acquisition, Manufacturing,
Use, Product End-of-life, Hazardous substances, Transport and distribution, Packaging.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.6, modified – Note 1 to entry has been adapted]
2.4
(environmental) design option
DO
measure intended to improve a specific environmental aspect within the product life cycle, in relation to the other
product aspects, such as functionality, quality, costs, etc
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2.5
scoring of environmental aspects
SEA
representation of the relative importance of the product's environmental aspects over its life cycle
Note 1 to entry: This SEA does not express the environmental performance of the product.
2.6
design option indicator
DO indicator
qualitative or quantitative indicator representative of a given design option, used to track this option during the
design phase
2.7
environmental aspect indicator
EA indicator
qualitative or quantitative indicator associated with a particular environmental aspect, as representative as possible
of this environmental aspect, used to keep a multi-criteria view of the environmental performance of the product
during its development
Note 1 to entry: “Multi criteria view” means the consideration of all environmental aspects, to avoid a shift of impact (e.g.
change of material can result in lower recyclability rate).
2.8
recoverability
ability of component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recovered (see
Figure 2)
[SOURCE: ISO 22628:2002, 3.9]
2.9
recyclability
ability of component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recycled (see
Figure 2)
[SOURCE: ISO 22628:2002, 3.7]
2.10
material recyclability coefficient
r
percentage by mass (mass fraction in percent) of a material potentially able to be recycled
[SOURCE: ISO 22628: 2002, 3.8, modified – vehicle has been replaced by material]
2.11
reusability
ability of component parts that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be reused (see Figure 2)
[SOURCE: ISO 22628:2002, 3.6]
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Figure 2 — Overview of key terms
2.12
ecodesign
integration of environmental aspects into product design with the aim of improving the environmental performance
of the product throughout its whole life cycle
[SOURCE: Directive 2009/125/EC]
3 Abbreviated terms
The abbreviated terms necessary for the understanding of this Technical Specification are the following:
BOM Bill Of Materials
DO Design Option
EA Environmental Aspect
ErP Energy related Products (European Directive)
ELV End-of-Life Vehicles (European Directive)
M Manufacturing aspect
Pkg Packaging aspect
PEL Product End-of-Life aspect
RM Raw Material aspect
S Hazardous Substances aspect
SEA Scoring of Environmental Aspect
T Transport and distribution aspect
U Use aspect
RoHS Restriction on Hazardous Substances (European Directive)
WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (European Directive)
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4 Requirements
4.1 Application of the methodology
The methodology described in this document shall be applied by a multidisciplinary project team with recognised
environmental competencies, supported by management, and involving all corporate functions likely to be impacted
(e.g. R&D, Design Office, Purchasing, Manufacture, Logistics, Marketing, etc.).
Management of the enterprise shall be involved at the key steps of the methodology, especially when ranking the
design options. It shall ensure the availability of resources essential to implement the project.
NOTE The team concept is used with the purpose of combining different competencies and functions, and does not
necessarily require different physical persons.
4.2 Description of the methodology
4.2.1 General
The methodology described in this document is based on the five steps set out below, which are also part of the
design and development process (see Figures 3 and 4), and which shall be applied successively:
Step 1: determination of the scoring of the environmental aspects of the reference product,
Step 2: selection/ranking of design options,
Step 3: choice of suitable DO end EA indicators related to the reference product,
Step 4: evaluation of the redesign using DO and EA indicators,
Step 5: final assessment and consideration for future activities.
The objective of each step is described in 4.2.2 to 4.2.5, where the procedure which shall be followed is stated
(written as direct instructions).
The output documents of each step are input for the next step and shall be validated by the project team before
going to this next step.
NOTE In this document, “methodology” is used for the overall approach of reducing environmental impacts; “method” is
used for specific tasks, such as indicator calculation.
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Figure 3 — Interrelation of the methodology with the design and development process
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Figure 4 — Schematic illustration of the methodology
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4.2.2 Step 1: determination of the scoring of the environmental aspects of the reference product
4.2.2.1 Objective
This step shall make it possible to determine the scoring of the environmental aspect (SEA) of the reference
product which will be the base line for further improvements, i.e. to rank the seven environmental aspects listed
below according to their relative importance for the environmental impact of the product:
Raw materials (RM): aspect relating to the choice of materials, components (purchased), and fluids used in the
product composition (excluding packaging).
Manufacturing (M): aspect relating to all the processes required to develop/manufacture the complete product
(excluding packaging), internally and externally (number of parts, "polluting" operations, etc.).
Use (U): aspect relating to all the resources required to use the product (energy consumption, type of energy
source, influence on energy consumption within an assembly, product requiring consumables, servicing,
product lifetime, etc.).
NOTE 1 This aspect combines the phases "installation and maintenance" and "use" of the 2009/125/EC Directive.
End-of-life (PEL): aspect taking account of the reduction of the product impact at end-of-life and of its
recyclability rate.
Hazardous substances (S): aspect relating to substances contained in a product likely to be regulated by
European legislation (for instance, heavy metals classified as hazardous or flame retardants classified as
hazardous).
NOTE 2 The phase "End-of-life" of the 2009/125/EC Directive is split into two aspects: end-of-life and hazardous substances.
Transport and distribution (T): aspect relating to the geographic distribution (regional, national, European,
worldwide) of the number of suppliers and subcontractors, shipment volumes, etc.
Packaging (Pkg.): aspect taking into account the amount, reuse, recyclability, biodegradability of packaging,
etc.
NOTE 3 The phase "Packaging, transport and distribution" of the 2009/125/EC Directive is split into two aspects.
NOTE 4 The proposed SEA is not aimed to compare two products, even similar. It is not intended to measure the actual
environmental performance of the product.
4.2.2.2 Procedure
4.2.2.2.1 Describe the reference product and the project perimeter:
a) product name (trade designation, project reference, etc);
b) description of the reference product;
c) main technical characteristics of the product;
d) types of markets aimed for the product:
1) B to B, state the industrial sectors;
2) B to C;
e) known (stated) expectations from relevant market players in terms of strategies for optimising the
environmental impact of the product (see Table C.1 for those strategies and examples of related design
options).
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4.2.2.2.2 Draw up the Bill Of Materials (BOM) of the product and its packaging, comprising the list of parts, their
mass, their material(s), their material recyclability coefficient, the identified hazardous substances, and in case of
purchased components, the supplier name and location. A proposed template is given in Table 1.
NOTE 1 In case of design of a new product, the BOM of a similar product can be used as reference for the analysis.
Decompose the product and its components up to the necessary level to represent:
the recyclability rate (refer to question QB9 in Table A.1);
the number of parts (refer to question QB1 in Table A.1);
the knowledge of possible hazardous substances (refer to question QB10 in Table A.1).
For assemblies and other components that are not broken down to their most elementary level, such as purchased
components, assess the number of parts, nature and quantity of materials from technical data sheet and
maintenance notice, or by asking the supplier.
NOTE 2 Without this information, the component will be considered as one single non-homogeneous material, and thus will
penalise the recyclability rate.
For fasteners, count one single part per type of fastener of the same material.
For products with a high number of parts (e.g. more than 100), in order to optimise the time needed to create the
BOM, the decomposition into parts can stop at subassembly level; in such cases, the subassembly may be
decomposed into homogeneous materials rather than parts; columns 2 to 4 of Table 1 are not filled.
NOTE 3 For such products, the relevance of meeting the exact numbers/masses of the parts diminishes regarding its impact
on the results of the environmental questionnaire D.2.3 and the analysis algorithm D.2.4.
Coating including painting can be counted as a separate part to pay specific attention to its environmental impact.
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Table 1 — Example of Bill of Materials
Product
Amount of Total Mass of
Quantity of Unit Total Material
constituent number of recyclable Identified
parts in the mass mass recyclability Supplier Supplier
Part subparts of a parts Material a material hazardous
b b
coefficient
product m N∙m name location
part
N∙m∙r substance
r
N (kg) (kg)
N∙n
n (kg)
Total Σ N∙n =
c
Total product mass Identified mass of the product, (kg)
Σ N∙m =
M (kg) =
tot
Identified product recyclability rate,
% identified mass of the
d
T =
product = %
r
Packaging
Amount of Total Mass of
Quantity of Unit Total Material
constituent number of recyclable Identified
parts in the mass mass recyclability Supplier Supplier
Part subparts of a parts Material a material hazardous b b
product m N∙m coefficient name location
part N∙m∙r substance
r
N (kg) (kg)
N∙n
n (kg)
a
Recognised (standardized) recyclability coefficient for the given material, or the estimated recyclability rate stated in this subclause.
b
In case of purchased parts.
c
Measured value of the product mass.
d
Estimated rate using a recognised (standardized) formula for the given product, or the simplified formula stated in this subclause, excluding packaging.
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When no recognised formula and data are available for the recyclability rate of the reference product, use the
following simplified formula:
( N⋅ m⋅ r)
∑
T = ⋅100 % (1)
r
M
tot
where
T is the estimated recyclability rate (expressed in %);
r
M is the measured value of the total product mass (excluding packaging) (expressed in kg);
tot
N is the quantity of parts in the product;
m is the unit mass of a part (expressed in kg);
r is the material recyclability coefficient, with the following estimated values, except specific data known
by the enterprise:
r = 1 for metallic materials,
r = 0,3 for plastic materials,
r = 0,8 for parts made of several unidentified metals,
r = 0,5 for parts made mainly of metals, plus 1 or 2 other non metallic materials,
r = 0 for parts made of several plastics, for dual parts or metallic parts encased with plastics, for electronic
components, for composite materials and elastomers,
r = 1 for glass.
NOTE 4 An example is given in Annex D.
NOTE 5 This simplified formula can be used as DO or EA indicator, subject to be based on specific data for r.
4.2.2.2.3 Complete the environmental questionnaire stated in Annex A, answering all the questions using the
choices given in the questionnaire only (the answer "don't know" is ranked the most unfavourable) and justify your
answers where applicable. These answers are used to produce the reference product's SEA from the algorithm
given in Annex B and also to provide input to the enterprise's thinking on design options and on the overall
assessment.
4.2.2.2.4 Apply the analysis algorithm given in Annex B based on the answers to the questions (the reference
of the question from Annex A is identified on the algorithm).
4.2.2.2.5 Register the scores (1 to 4) obtained for each environmental aspect.
NOTE 1 At this stage of the methodology, it is important to understand that the obtained SEA gives a description of the most
important environmental aspects to consider during the eco-design of the product, even if these aspects are already partly
considered by the enterprise. This SEA is not aimed to identify strong and weak points of the product.
EXAMPLE 1 A product is made of renewable RM; however, the score for RM environmental aspect is at level 4 in the SEA.
This score of 4 means that RM aspect plays a very important role in the global SEA of the product, compared with the other
aspects. If enterprise has already chosen renewable RM, it shows that this choice was relevant and it will be possible to take
advantage of it when ranking the design options (see 4.2.3.2), but this choice does not modify the SEA.
EXAMPLE 2 A product has a very low energy consumption compared with another product of the product line; however, the
score for the envir
...
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