SIST ISO 5519:2011
Fruits, vegetables and derived products -- Determination of sorbic acid content
Fruits, vegetables and derived products -- Determination of sorbic acid content
ISO 5519:2008 specifies a method for extracting the sorbic acid present in fruits, vegetables and derived products, and two techniques for determining the sorbic acid extracted.
Fruits, légumes et produits dérivés -- Détermination de la teneur en acide sorbique
Sadje, zelenjava in sadni ter zelenjavni proizvodi - Določevanje sorbinske kisline
Ta mednarodni standard določa metodo za ekstrakcijo sorbinske kisline, prisotne v sadju, zelenjavi in sadnih ter zelenjavnih proizvodih, ter dve tehniki za določevanje ekstrahirane sorbinske kisline.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Public Enquiry End Date
- 19-May-2011
- Publication Date
- 15-May-2011
- Technical Committee
- KŽP - Agricultural food products
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 06-May-2011
- Due Date
- 11-Jul-2011
- Completion Date
- 16-May-2011
Relations
- Replaces
SIST ISO 5519:1995 - Fruits, vegetables and derived products -- Determination of sorbic acid content - Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2011
Overview
ISO 5519:2008 specifies a validated laboratory method for extracting and measuring sorbic acid content in fruits, vegetables and derived products. The standard defines a steam‑entrainment extraction procedure followed by two optional analytical techniques: Technique A - ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry (256 nm) and Technique B - colourimetric/photocolorimetric determination (532 nm) using Schmidt’s reaction. ISO 5519 covers sample preparation, reagents, apparatus, procedure, calculation, repeatability and test reporting.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Extraction principle: quantitative entrainment of volatile sorbic acid by steam distillation after homogenization of the representative test sample.
- Sample types and test portions: liquid, thick (jams, marmalades) and solid products - typical test portion ~10 ml or 10 g depending on matrix.
- Steam‑distillation apparatus: detailed fractionating column and condenser specifications; performance checks required (e.g., recovery of acetic acid ~99.5% and limited lactic acid carry‑over).
- Technique A (UV spectrophotometry):
- Measurement at 256 nm.
- Uses a copper catalyst to oxidize interfering sulfur dioxide.
- Guidance for removing essential oil interferences by alkaline evaporation/reconstitution.
- Technique B (Schmidt’s reaction / colorimetry):
- Based on oxidation (chromic/sulfuric acid) and reaction with thiobarbituric acid to produce a pink chromogen measured at 532 nm.
- Requires removal of ethanol and essential oils by evaporation of an aliquot when necessary.
- Reagents and stability: lists analytical reagents (tartaric acid, sorbic acid standards, chromic/sulfuric solution, thiobarbituric acid, etc.) and notes on reagent preparation/use.
- Quality control: calibration curve procedures, blank tests, duplicate determinations and repeatability information are specified.
Applications and users
ISO 5519 is aimed at laboratories and quality teams involved in:
- Food safety and preservative analysis (sorbic acid is a common preservative/fungistat).
- Juice, jam, sauce and vegetable product testing for regulatory compliance and labeling.
- Contract analytical labs, plant QC laboratories and research institutes performing routine or confirmatory determinations of sorbic acid. The standard helps ensure reproducible, comparable results across laboratories and supports compliance with food additive regulations.
Related standards
- Prepared by ISO/TC 34 (Food products), SC 3 (Fruit and vegetable products).
- Use alongside other ISO methods for food additive and preservative analysis and general laboratory quality management standards.
Keywords: ISO 5519, sorbic acid determination, steam distillation, spectrophotometry 256 nm, colorimetry 532 nm, fruits and vegetables, food analysis, preservative testing.
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST ISO 5519:2011 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Fruits, vegetables and derived products -- Determination of sorbic acid content". This standard covers: ISO 5519:2008 specifies a method for extracting the sorbic acid present in fruits, vegetables and derived products, and two techniques for determining the sorbic acid extracted.
ISO 5519:2008 specifies a method for extracting the sorbic acid present in fruits, vegetables and derived products, and two techniques for determining the sorbic acid extracted.
SIST ISO 5519:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 67.080.01 - Fruits, vegetables and derived products in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST ISO 5519:2011 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST ISO 5519:1995. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase SIST ISO 5519:2011 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2011
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 5519:1995
6DGMH]HOHQMDYDLQVDGQLWHU]HOHQMDYQLSURL]YRGL'RORþHYDQMHVRUELQVNHNLVOLQH
Fruits, vegetables and derived products -- Determination of sorbic acid content
Fruits, légumes et produits dérivés -- Détermination de la teneur en acide sorbique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 5519:2008
ICS:
67.080.01 Sadje, zelenjava in njuni Fruits, vegetables and
proizvodi na splošno derived products in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5519
Second edition
2008-02-15
Fruits, vegetables and derived
products — Determination of sorbic acid
content
Fruits, légumes et produits dérivés — Détermination de la teneur en
acide sorbique
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the
unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
©
ii ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Principle . 1
3 Reagents . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
5 Sample . 3
6 Procedure . 3
7 Calculation and expression of results . 7
8 Repeatability . 7
9 Test report . 8
Annex A (normative) Steam distillation apparatus . 9
©
ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5519 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 3, Fruit and
vegetable products.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5519:1978), which has been technically revised.
©
iv ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The determination of the sorbic acid content of fruits, vegetables and derived products has been studied in
numerous projects during the acid's use as a fungicide, especially in wines. Because of its great volatility (very
similar to that of acetic acid), the simplest extraction process is its entrainment by steam. This method has the
advantage of producing an almost pure aqueous solution of sorbic acid.
Two techniques for the determination of the quantity of sorbic acid contained in this solution are described in this
International Standard, namely:
— Technique A: spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet range, carried out after oxidation of sulfur dioxide, which
would interfere. The oxidation occurs spontaneously in a few minutes in air, after the addition of a trace of a
copper catalyst.
— The natural essential oils of citrus fruits do not interfere with the determination, provided that they are
present in the small quantities normal in juice not enriched with essential oils. When the quantities of
essential oils are significant, they may be eliminated beforehand by the same method as that applied in
technique B.
— Technique B: colorimetry based on Schmidt's reaction, which requires the elimination of ethanol and
essential oils by the evaporation of an aliquot portion of the distillate. This technique, not as rapid as
techniqueA, but giving comparable results, is provided for use when a spectrophotometer allowing
measurements in the ultraviolet range is not available.
The interference caused by essential oils of garlic, onion or leek may be eliminated, when using either
technique, by the evaporation of an aliquot portion of the distillate.
©
ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v
.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5519:2008(E)
Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of
sorbic acid content
1Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for extracting the sorbic acid present in fruits, vegetables and
derived products, and two techniques for determining the sorbic acid extracted.
2 Principle
Homogenization of the product, followed by quantitative entrainment, by steam, of the sorbic acid present in a
test portion. Determination of this acid in the distillate obtained, either by spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet
range (technique A), or by measuring by photocolorimetry or by spectrophotometry, the pink colour obtained
after oxidation by chromic acid and then treatment with thiobarbituric acid (technique B).
3Reagents
Use only reagents of recognized analytical quality, and distilled water or water of at least equivalent purity.
3.1 Tartaric acid [COOH (CH OH) COOH], crystalline.
3.2 Sorbic acid [CH (CH:CH) COOH], 0,010 g/l standard solution, prepared by one of the following methods
3 2
(3.2.1 or 3.2.2).
3.2.1 Dissolve 0,100 g of sorbic acid in 10 ml to 12 ml of a 0,1 N sodium hydroxide solution. Transfer
quantitatively into a 1 000 ml volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark with water. Introduce 100 ml of the solution
obtained into a second 1 000 ml flask, and dilute to the mark with water.
3.2.2 Dissolve 0,134 g of potassium sorbate, CH (CH:CH) COOK, (previously recrystallized and dried to
3 2
◦
constant mass in a drier at 105 C or in a desiccator over concentrated sulfuric acid) in water in a 1 000 ml
volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark with water. Introduce 100 ml of the solution obtained into a second
1 000 ml flask, and dilute to the mark with water.
3.3 Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) ] (if necessary), about 0,04 N (1,48 g/l) solution.
3.4 Acetic acid (CHCOOH), 0,1 Nsolution.
3.5 Lactic acid [CHCH(OH)COOH], solution.
1N
3.6 Copper, catalyst solution, for technique A.
In a 1 000 ml volumetric flask, dissolve, in a little water, 0,5 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO ), and
0,001 g of pure copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO ·5H O). Dilute to the mark with water.
4 2
3.7 Chromic/sulfuric acid solution, for technique B.
Dissolve 0,050 g of potassium dichromate (K Cr O ) in approximately 90 ml of water. Transfer quantitatively
2 2 7
into a 200 ml volumetric flask. Add 100 ml of a 0,3 N sulfuric acid (H SO ) solution. Dilute to the mark with
2 4
water.
1 litre of 0,3 N sulfuric acid solution contains 14,7 g of sulfuric acid, i.e. 8,4 ml of sulfuric acid, ρ = 1,84 g/ml.
©
ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1
3.8 Thiobarbituric acid solution, for technique B.
Dissolve 0,500 g of thiobarbituric acid (C H N O S) in 50 ml of water to which has been added 10 ml of a 1N
4 4 2 2
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Transfer quantitatively into a 100 ml volumetric flask, and add 11 ml of a 1N
hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Dilute to the mark with water.
This solution is not stable and must be used within 5h following its preparation.
4 Apparatus
Usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following.
4.1 Analytical balance.
4.2 Homogenizer or mortar, as appropriate.
4.3 Boiling water bath.
4.4 Steam distillation apparatus (see Figure A.1), comprising the items listed in 4.4.1 to 4.4.5.
4.4.1 Steam generator flask, of capacity 1 000 ml to 1 500 ml.
4.4.2 Bubbler, consisting of a cylindrical tube 30 mm in diameter and 270 mm in height, the lower part of
which is closed and enlarged into a sphere having a diameter of 60 mm. The steam supply tube shall end
10 mm above the bottom of the bubbler. The spherical part, in which the product is placed, may be heated either
electrically or by a flame. In the latter case, the burnt gases shall be deflected by a metal disc of 150 mm
diameter, having a central orifice of approximately 40 mm diameter in which the bottom of the bubbler is
engaged. This device avoids the pyrogenation of materials which may be extracted from the product. The
auxiliary heating shall be controlled so that the volume of the product placed in the bubbler neither decreases
nor increases by more than 5ml during the distillation.
4.4.3 Fractionating column, through which the vapour containing volatile acid passes. It may consist of
— a cylindrical tube of diameter 20 mm and height 500 mm, containing a corrugated helix of No. 100 stainless
steel mesh, the helix having a pitch of 15 mm, or
— a column of diameter 20 mm and height 600 mm, having glass internal points, or
— any other device having the same fractionating efficiency.
The fractionation of the vapour is indispensable to retain hydroxymethylfurfural when it is present. This
substance and its hydrolysis products absorb ultraviolet radiations at 256 nm. The fractionating column may be
reduced to 200 mm in height or be replaced by a Kjeldahl flask when the product is free of
hydroxymethylfurfural.
4.4.4 Condenser, of the West type, of effective length 400 mm, placed vertically to ensure condensation of the
vapour and complete cooling of the distillate.
4.4.5 Receiver flasks, of capacities 200 ml or 500 ml:
— liquid products: 200 ml flask with a graduation mark at 200 ml;
— thick or solid products: 500 ml flask.
©
2 ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
SIST ISO 5519
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5519
Second edition
2008-02-15
Fruits, vegetables and derived
products — Determination of sorbic acid
content
Fruits, légumes et produits dérivés — Détermination de la teneur en
acide sorbique
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the
unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
©
ii ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Principle . 1
3 Reagents . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
5 Sample . 3
6 Procedure . 3
7 Calculation and expression of results . 7
8 Repeatability . 7
9 Test report . 8
Annex A (normative) Steam distillation apparatus . 9
©
ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 5519 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 3, Fruit and
vegetable products.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5519:1978), which has been technically revised.
©
iv ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The determination of the sorbic acid content of fruits, vegetables and derived products has been studied in
numerous projects during the acid's use as a fungicide, especially in wines. Because of its great volatility (very
similar to that of acetic acid), the simplest extraction process is its entrainment by steam. This method has the
advantage of producing an almost pure aqueous solution of sorbic acid.
Two techniques for the determination of the quantity of sorbic acid contained in this solution are described in this
International Standard, namely:
— Technique A: spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet range, carried out after oxidation of sulfur dioxide, which
would interfere. The oxidation occurs spontaneously in a few minutes in air, after the addition of a trace of a
copper catalyst.
— The natural essential oils of citrus fruits do not interfere with the determination, provided that they are
present in the small quantities normal in juice not enriched with essential oils. When the quantities of
essential oils are significant, they may be eliminated beforehand by the same method as that applied in
technique B.
— Technique B: colorimetry based on Schmidt's reaction, which requires the elimination of ethanol and
essential oils by the evaporation of an aliquot portion of the distillate. This technique, not as rapid as
techniqueA, but giving comparable results, is provided for use when a spectrophotometer allowing
measurements in the ultraviolet range is not available.
The interference caused by essential oils of garlic, onion or leek may be eliminated, when using either
technique, by the evaporation of an aliquot portion of the distillate.
©
ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v
.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5519:2008(E)
Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of
sorbic acid content
1Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for extracting the sorbic acid present in fruits, vegetables and
derived products, and two techniques for determining the sorbic acid extracted.
2 Principle
Homogenization of the product, followed by quantitative entrainment, by steam, of the sorbic acid present in a
test portion. Determination of this acid in the distillate obtained, either by spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet
range (technique A), or by measuring by photocolorimetry or by spectrophotometry, the pink colour obtained
after oxidation by chromic acid and then treatment with thiobarbituric acid (technique B).
3Reagents
Use only reagents of recognized analytical quality, and distilled water or water of at least equivalent purity.
3.1 Tartaric acid [COOH (CH OH) COOH], crystalline.
3.2 Sorbic acid [CH (CH:CH) COOH], 0,010 g/l standard solution, prepared by one of the following methods
3 2
(3.2.1 or 3.2.2).
3.2.1 Dissolve 0,100 g of sorbic acid in 10 ml to 12 ml of a 0,1 N sodium hydroxide solution. Transfer
quantitatively into a 1 000 ml volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark with water. Introduce 100 ml of the solution
obtained into a second 1 000 ml flask, and dilute to the mark with water.
3.2.2 Dissolve 0,134 g of potassium sorbate, CH (CH:CH) COOK, (previously recrystallized and dried to
3 2
◦
constant mass in a drier at 105 C or in a desiccator over concentrated sulfuric acid) in water in a 1 000 ml
volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark with water. Introduce 100 ml of the solution obtained into a second
1 000 ml flask, and dilute to the mark with water.
3.3 Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) ] (if necessary), about 0,04 N (1,48 g/l) solution.
3.4 Acetic acid (CHCOOH), 0,1 Nsolution.
3.5 Lactic acid [CHCH(OH)COOH], solution.
1N
3.6 Copper, catalyst solution, for technique A.
In a 1 000 ml volumetric flask, dissolve, in a little water, 0,5 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO ), and
0,001 g of pure copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO ·5H O). Dilute to the mark with water.
4 2
3.7 Chromic/sulfuric acid solution, for technique B.
Dissolve 0,050 g of potassium dichromate (K Cr O ) in approximately 90 ml of water. Transfer quantitatively
2 2 7
into a 200 ml volumetric flask. Add 100 ml of a 0,3 N sulfuric acid (H SO ) solution. Dilute to the mark with
2 4
water.
1 litre of 0,3 N sulfuric acid solution contains 14,7 g of sulfuric acid, i.e. 8,4 ml of sulfuric acid, ρ = 1,84 g/ml.
©
ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1
3.8 Thiobarbituric acid solution, for technique B.
Dissolve 0,500 g of thiobarbituric acid (C H N O S) in 50 ml of water to which has been added 10 ml of a 1N
4 4 2 2
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Transfer quantitatively into a 100 ml volumetric flask, and add 11 ml of a 1N
hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Dilute to the mark with water.
This solution is not stable and must be used within 5h following its preparation.
4 Apparatus
Usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following.
4.1 Analytical balance.
4.2 Homogenizer or mortar, as appropriate.
4.3 Boiling water bath.
4.4 Steam distillation apparatus (see Figure A.1), comprising the items listed in 4.4.1 to 4.4.5.
4.4.1 Steam generator flask, of capacity 1 000 ml to 1 500 ml.
4.4.2 Bubbler, consisting of a cylindrical tube 30 mm in diameter and 270 mm in height, the lower part of
which is closed and enlarged into a sphere having a diameter of 60 mm. The steam supply tube shall end
10 mm above the bottom of the bubbler. The spherical part, in which the product is placed, may be heated either
electrically or by a flame. In the latter case, the burnt gases shall be deflected by a metal disc of 150 mm
diameter, having a central orifice of approximately 40 mm diameter in which the bottom of the bubbler is
engaged. This device avoids the pyrogenation of materials which may be extracted from the product. The
auxiliary heating shall be controlled so that the volume of the product placed in the bubbler neither decreases
nor increases by more than 5ml during the distillation.
4.4.3 Fractionating column, through which the vapour containing volatile acid passes. It may consist of
— a cylindrical tube of diameter 20 mm and height 500 mm, containing a corrugated helix of No. 100 stainless
steel mesh, the helix having a pitch of 15 mm, or
— a column of diameter 20 mm and height 600 mm, having glass internal points, or
— any other device having the same fractionating efficiency.
The fractionation of the vapour is indispensable to retain hydroxymethylfurfural when it is present. This
substance and its hydrolysis products absorb ultraviolet radiations at 256 nm. The fractionating column may be
reduced to 200 mm in height or be replaced by a Kjeldahl flask when the product is free of
hydroxymethylfurfural.
4.4.4 Condenser, of the West type, of effective length 400 mm, placed vertically to ensure condensation of the
vapour and complete cooling of the distillate.
4.4.5 Receiver flasks, of capacities 200 ml or 500 ml:
— liquid products: 200 ml flask with a graduation mark at 200 ml;
— thick or solid products: 500 ml flask.
©
2 ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
4.4.6 Checking of efficiency of steam distillation apparatus.
300 ml 12 min 15 min
The distillation apparatus shall allow of distillate to be collected in to , and shall also
comply with the following minimal conditions.
a) In normal distilling conditions, 99,5 % of a known quantity of acetic acid added to the sample shall be found
in the distillate, which shall be 200 ml. For this test, use 20 ml of a 0,1 N acetic acid solution (3.4).
b) In the same disti
...
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ISO
СТАНДАРТ 5519
Второе издание
2008-02-15
Фрукты, овощи и продукты их
переработки. Определение содержания
сорбиновой кислоты
Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of sorbic acid
content
Ответственность за подготовку русской версии несёт GOST R
(Российская Федерация) в соответствии со статьёй 18.1 Устава ISO
Ссылочный номер
©
ISO 2008
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Содержание Страница
1 Область применения .1
2 Принцип.1
3 Реактивы .1
4 Оборудование .2
5 Проба .3
6 Методика .3
7 Расчет и представление результатов .7
8 Повторяемость .7
9 Протокол испытания.8
Приложение A (нормативное) Аппарат для перегонки с водяным паром.9
Предисловие
Международная организация по стандартизации (ISO) является всемирной федерацией национальных
организаций по стандартизации (комитетов-членов ISO). Разработка международных стандартов
обычно осуществляется техническими комитетами ISO. Каждый комитет-член, заинтересованный в
деятельности, для которой был создан технический комитет, имеет право быть представленным в этом
комитете. Международные правительственные и неправительственные организации, имеющие связи с
ISO, также принимают участие в этой работе. ISO работает в тесном сотрудничестве с Международной
электротехнической комиссией (IEC) по всем вопросам стандартизации в области электротехники.
Проекты международных стандартов разрабатываются в соответствии с правилами, приведенными в
Директивах ISO/IEC, Часть 2.
Основная задача технических комитетов – разработка международных стандартов. Проекты
международных стандартов, принятые техническими комитетами, рассылаются комитетам-членам на
голосование. Их опубликование в качестве международных стандартов требует одобрения не менее
75 % комитетов-членов, принимающих участие в голосовании.
Следует иметь в виду, что, возможно, некоторые элементы настоящего документа могут быть
объектом патентных прав. ISO не несет ответственности за определение некоторых или всех таких
патентных прав.
Международный стандарт ISO 5519 был разработан Техническим комитетом ISO/TC 34 “Пищевые
продукты”, Подкомитетом SC 3 “Плодовоовощные продукты”.
Настоящее второе издание отменяет и заменяет первое издание (ISO 5519:1978), которое было
технически пересмотрено.
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Введение
Определение содержания сорбиновой кислоты в овощах, фруктах и продуктах их переработки
исследовалось многочисленных проектах, связанных с использованием кислоты в качестве фунгицида,
в частности, в винах. Из-за большой летучести (весьма схожа с уксусной кислотой) наиболее простым
способом экстракции является увлечение кислоты паром. Преимущество этого метода заключается в
производстве почти чистого водного раствора сорбиновой кислоты.
В настоящем международном стандарте описаны два метода определения количества сорбиновой
кислоты в этом растворе, а именно:
– Метод А: спектрофотометрия в ультрафиолетовом диапазоне, проводимая после окисления
диоксида серы, которая может стать помехой. Окисление происходит спонтанно в течение
нескольких минут на воздухе после добавления медного катализатора.
— Натуральные эфирные масла цитрусовых плодов не являются помехой определению при условии,
что они присутствуют в малых количествах в соке, не обогащенном эфирными маслами. Если
количество эфирных масел значительно, их можно заранее удалить тем же способом, который
описан в методе В.
— Метод В: колориметрия на основе реакции Шмидта, для которой требуется исключение этанола и
эфирных масел путем выпаривания аликвотной доли дистиллята. Этот метод не такой быстрый,
как метод А, но выдавая сопоставимые результаты, может применяться, когда нет
спектрофотометра, позволяющего проводить измерения в ультрафиолетовом диапазоне.
Интерференцию, вызываемую эфирными маслами чеснока, лука или лука-порея, можно устранить,
используя метод выпаривания аликвотной доли дистиллята.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ
Фрукты, овощи и продукты их переработки. Определение
содержания сорбиновой кислоты
1 Область применения
Настоящий международный стандарт устанавливает метод экстрагирования сорбиновой кислоты,
которая содержится во фруктах, овощах и продуктах их переработки, и два метода определения
экстрагированной сорбиновой кислоты.
2 Принцип
Гомогенизация продукта, за которой следует количественное увлечение паром сорбиновой кислоты,
присутствующей в плодах. Определение содержания этой кислоты в полученном дистилляте либо с
помощью спектрофотометрии в ультрафиолетовом диапазоне (метод А), либо измерением с помощью
фотоколориметрии или спектрофотометрии раствора розового цвета, полученного после окисления
хромовой кислотой, и затем обработка тиобарбитуровой кислотой (метод В).
3 Реактивы
Используют реактивы только признанного аналитического качества и дистиллированную воду или воду
эквивалентной чистоты.
3.1 Винная кислота [COOH (CH OH) COOH], кристаллическая.
3.2 Сорбиновая кислота [CH (CH:CH) COOH], 0,010 г/л стандартного раствора, приготовленного
3 2
одним из следующих методов (3.2.1 или 3.2.2).
3.2.1 Растворяют 0,100 г сорбиновой кислоты в 10 – 12 мл раствора гидроксида натрия
концентрацией 0,1 Н. Переносят частями в 1000 мл мерную колбу и разводят водой до метки. Вносят
100 мл полученного раствора во вторую 1000 мл мерную колбу и разводят водой до метки.
3.2.2 Растворяют 0,134 г сорбата калия [CH (CH:CH) COOK] (предварительно рекристаллизованного и
3 2
высушенного до постоянной массы в сушильном шкафу при температуре 105°С или в эксикаторе в
присутствии концентрированной серной кислоты) в воде в 1 000 мл мерной колбе и разбавляют водой
до метки. Вносят 100 мл полученного раствора во вторую 1 000 мл мерную колбу и разбавляют водой
до метки.
3.3 Гидроксид кальция [Ca(OH) ] (если требуется), раствор концентрацией приблизительно 0,04 Н
(1,48 г/л).
3.4 Уксусная кислота [CH COOH], раствор концентрацией 0,1 Н.
3.5 Молочная (a-оксипропионовая) кислота [CH CH(OH)COOH], раствор концентрацией 1 Н.
3.6 Медь, раствор катализатора, для метода А.
В 1 000 мл мерной колбе растворяют в небольшом количестве воды 0,5 г бикарбоната натрия
[NaHCO ] и 0,001 г пентагидрата сульфата чистой меди (II) [CuSO ·5H O]. Разбавляют водой до метки.
3 4 2
3.7 Раствор хромовой/серной кислоты, (для метода В).
Растворяют 0,050 г бихромата калия [K Cr O ] в приблизительно 90 мл воды. Переносят частями в
2 2 7
200 мл мерную колбу. Добавляют 100 мл серной кислоты [H SO ] концентрацией 0,3 Н. Разбавляют
2 4
водой до метки.
1 л раствора серной кислоты концентрацией 0,3 Н содержит 14,7 г серной кислоты, т.е. 8,4 мл серной
кислоты, ρ = 1,84 г/мл.
3.8 Раствор тиобарбитуровой кислоты
Растворяют 0,500 г тиобарбитуровой кислоты [C H N O S] в 50 мл воды, в которую было добавлено
4 4 2 2
10 мл раствора гидроксида натрия [NaOH] концентрацией 1 Н. Переносят частями в 100 мл мерную
колбу и добавляют 11 мл раствора соляной кислоты [HCl] концентрацией 1 Н. Разбавляют водой до
метки.
Этот раствор неустойчив и должен быть использован в течение 5 ч после приготовления.
4 Оборудование
Обычное лабораторное оборудование и, в частности, следующее.
4.1 Аналитические весы.
4.2 Гомогенизатор или ступка, что подходит.
4.3 Кипящая водяная баня.
4.4 Аппарат для перегонки с водяным паром (см. Рисунок 1), состоит из частей, указанных в
4.4.1 – 4.4.5.
4.4.1 Колба-парогенератор, вместимостью от 1 000 до 1 500 мл.
4.4.2 Барботер, состоит из цилиндрической трубки диаметром 30 мм и высотой 270 мм, нижняя
часть которой закрыта и переходит в сферу диаметром 60 мм. Конец трубки для подачи пара должен
быть на 10 мм выше дна барботера. Сферическая часть, в которую помещают продукт, может
нагреваться либо электричеством, либо пламенем. В последнем случае отработавшие газы должны
отклоняться металлическим диском диаметром 150 мм и с отверстием в центре диаметром
приблизительно 40 мм, в которое входит дно барботера. Это устройство позволяет избежать
пирогенизации материалов, экстрагируемых из продукта. Дополнительный нагрев должен
регулироваться так, чтобы во время дистилляции объем продукта в барботере ни уменьшался, ни
увеличивался более чем на 5 мл.
4.4.3 Ректификационная колонка, через которую проходит пар, содержащий летучие кислоты. Она
может состоять из
— цилиндрической трубки диаметром 20 мм и высотой 500 мл, содержащей рифленую спираль из
стальной нержавеющей сетки № 100 с шагом 15 мм, или
— колонны диаметром 20 мм и высотой 600 мм, имеющей внутри стеклянные точки, или
— любого другого устройства, имеющего ту же эффективность ректификации.
Ректификация пара необходима для сохранения гидроксиметилфурфурола, если он присутствует. Это
вещество и продукты его гидролиза поглощают ультрафиолетовое излучение на длине волны 256 нм.
Ректификационная колонка можно уменьшить до высоты 200 мм или заменить колбой Къельдаля, если
продукт не содержит гидроксиметилфурфурол.
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4.4.4 Конденсатор, типа West, эффективной длиной 400 мм, размещенный вертикально для
обеспечения конденсации пара и полного охлаждения дистиллята.
4.4.5 Колбы-приемники, вместимостью 200 мл или 500 мл:
— жидкие продукты: 200 мл колба с отметкой на 200 мл;
— густые или твердые продукты: 500 мл колба.
4.4.6 Проверка эффективности аппарата для перегонки с водяным паром.
Перегонный аппарат позволяет собрать 300 мл дистиллята в течение 12 – 15 мин, и должен
соответствовать следующим минимальным условиям:
a) в обычных условиях перегонки, 99,5 % установленного количества уксусной кислоты, добавляемой
к пробе, должно быть обнаружено в дистилляте объемом
...
SIST ISO 5519:2011は、果物、野菜およびそれに由来する製品に含まれるソルビン酸の含有量を測定するための標準化文書です。この標準書は、ソルビン酸の抽出方法と、その後の含有量を測定するための二つの技術を指定しており、果物や野菜の品質管理に欠かせない要素となっています。 この標準の範囲は、食品業界において非常に重要です。特に、保存料としてのソルビン酸の使用が広がる中で、その適切な測定方法を確立するための基準を提供しています。これにより、食品の安全性と品質を確保し、消費者の信頼を高めることが可能になります。 SIST ISO 5519:2011の強みは、明確な手順に基づいたソルビン酸の抽出と測定方法の詳細な記述にあります。この標準は、実験室や生産ラインで一貫した結果を得るために必要な基準を提供し、規制当局や業界関係者にとっても信頼できる技術的枠組みを構築しています。 さらに、果物や野菜加工業界におけるソルビン酸の意義を理解し、その測定が市場における製品の競争力にどのように寄与するのかを考慮すると、この標準は現在の業界ニーズに適合した関連性のある文書であると言えます。そのため、SIST ISO 5519:2011は、果物や野菜の品質保証に必須の標準として、今後も重要な役割を果たすでしょう。
The SIST ISO 5519:2011 standard provides a comprehensive methodology for the determination of sorbic acid content in fruits, vegetables, and derived products. This document signifies an essential framework within the field of food safety and quality control, addressing the critical need for accurate measurement of sorbic acid, a common preservative used to inhibit microbial growth in food products. One of the primary strengths of the SIST ISO 5519:2011 standard is its detailed procedure for the extraction of sorbic acid, which is crucial for obtaining reliable results. The extraction method outlined within the standard ensures that the sorbic acid is effectively isolated from the matrix of the fruits and vegetables, thereby enhancing the accuracy of subsequent measurements. Moreover, the standard outlines two distinct techniques for determining the extracted sorbic acid, offering flexibility and adaptability depending on laboratory capabilities and resources. The relevance of the SIST ISO 5519:2011 standard is underscored by its alignment with global food safety regulations. As food safety becomes increasingly significant in international trade, adherence to such standardized methods fosters trust and transparency among consumers, manufacturers, and regulatory bodies alike. By providing an accepted methodology for measuring sorbic acid content, this standard supports both compliance with legal requirements and the assurance of product quality. Furthermore, the document contributes significantly to the technical knowledge within the food industry by encouraging the consistent application of best practices. Laboratories and food manufacturers can rely on the standardized procedures to ensure uniformity in testing results, which is vital for maintaining quality control and managing consumer safety. In summary, the SIST ISO 5519:2011 standard is a vital tool for the food industry, offering a robust method for the determination of sorbic acid content in fruits, vegetables, and derived products. Its clear procedures, alignment with regulatory frameworks, and support for quality assurance reinforce its significance in food safety and quality management.
SIST ISO 5519:2011 표준은 과일, 채소 및 유도 제품에서 소르빈산 함량을 결정하기 위한 상세한 방법을 제시하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 소르빈산의 추출 방법과 추출된 소르빈산을 측정하기 위한 두 가지 기술을 명확하게 구분합니다. 이 표준의 가장 큰 강점은 다양한 과일 및 채소 제품에 대해 적용할 수 있는 일관된 절차를 제공함으로써 분석 결과의 신뢰성을 높여준다는 점입니다. 또한, 이 표준은 식품 안전성과 품질 관리를 위한 필수적인 기준으로 작용하여, 소비자 보호와 제품의 품질 보증에 기여합니다. SIST ISO 5519:2011은 소르빈산의 분석 기법에 대한 명확한 지침을 제공하므로, 식품 제조업체와 분석 실험실 모두에게 매우 유용합니다. 특히, 소르빈산은 방부제로서의 역할을 하여 식품의 유통 기한을 연장하는 데 중요한 성분으로 여겨지기 때문에, 이 표준의 적용은 식품 산업 전체에 걸쳐 큰 중요성을 지닙니다. 결론적으로, SIST ISO 5519:2011 표준은 소르빈산 함량을 정확하게 평가할 수 있는 신뢰할 수 있는 기준을 마련하여, 과일 및 채소 제품의 품질과 안전성을 보장하는 데 기여하고 있습니다.


















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