This document specifies requirements and test methods for priests (caper). It includes requirements for caper buds.

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This International Standard specifies a method that is applicable for the detection and enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts on or in food products that are described herein as fresh leafy green vegetables and berry fruits. With suitable controls, it may also be applicable for the examination of other fresh produce.
This method does not allow the determination of viability or infectivity of any Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts which may be present. The microscopy descriptions are for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts of size ranges which include those species known to be pathogenic to humans.

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This European Standard gives guidance on some recommended techniques for the determination of pesticide residues in foods of plant origin and on confirmatory tests.
The identity of any observed pesticide residue is confirmed, particularly in those cases in which it would appear that the maximum residue limit has been exceeded.

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This European Standard gives general considerations for the determination of pesticide residues in foods of plant origin.
Each method specified in this European Standard is suitable for identifying and quantifying a definite range of those organohalogen, and/or organophosphorus and/or organonitrogen pesticides which occur as residues in foodstuffs of plant origin.
This European Standard contains the following methods that have been subjected to interlaboratory studies and/or are adopted throughout Europe:
-   method M: Extraction with acetone and liquid liquid partition with dichloromethane/light petroleum, if necessary clean-up on Florisil® 1) [1], [2], [3];
-   method N: Extraction with acetone, liquid liquid partition with dichloromethane or cyclohexane/ethyl acetate and clean-up with gel permeation and silica gel chromatography [4], [5];
-   method P: Extraction with ethyl acetate and, if necessary, clean-up with gel permeation chromatography [6].
The applicability of the three methods M, N and P for residue analysis of organohalogen, organophosphorus and organonitrogen pesticides, respectively, is given for each method.

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This European Standard specifies methods for the extraction and clean-up of food samples of plant origin for quantitative determination of pesticide residues.
Different solvents can be used for this purpose. These pesticide residues are generally associated with other co-extracted compounds which would interfere in the analysis. To purify the crude extracts to be analysed, several techniques can be used.
This European Standard contains the following extraction and clean-up methods that have been subjected to interlaboratory studies and/or are adopted throughout Europe:
-   method M: Extraction with acetone and liquid-liquid partition with dichloromethane/light petroleum, if necessary clean-up on Florisil®  ) [1], [2], [3];
-   method N: Extraction with acetone, liquid-liquid partition with dichloromethane or cyclohexane/ethyl acetate and clean-up with gel permeation and silica gel chromatography [4], [5];
-   method P: Extraction with ethyl acetate, and if necessary, clean-up by gel permeation chromatography [6].
This European Standard specifies the details of methods M, N and P for the extraction and the clean-up of food samples of plant origin. Several solvents at different volumes are used for extraction. Techniques of clean-up are listed such as liquid-liquid partition, liquid chromatography on various adsorbents and gel permeation chromatography.
A table providing the couples (matrix/pesticide) which have been submitted to collaborative studies and a list of indicative applicability of the method to different pesticides are given for each method, wherever possible.

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This European Standard gives general considerations for the determination of pesticide residues in foods of plant origin. Each method specified in this European Standard is suitable for identifying and quantifying a definite range of those organohalogen, and/or organophosphorus and/or organonitrogen pesticides which occur as residues in foodstuffs of plant origin. This European Standard contains the following methods that have been subjected to interlaboratory studies and/or are adopted throughout Europe: - method M: Extraction with acetone and liquid-liquid partition with dichloromethane/light petroleum, if necessary clean-up on Florisil® 1) [1], [2], [3]; - method N: Extraction with acetone, liquid-liquid partition with dichloromethane or cyclohexane/ethyl acetate and clean-up with gel permeation and silica gel chromatography [4], [5]; - method P: Extraction with ethyl acetate and, if necessary, clean-up with gel permeation chromatography [6]. The applicability of the three methods M, N and P for residue analysis of organohalogen, organophosphorus and organonitrogen pesticides, respectively, is given for each method.

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This European Standard specifies methods for the extraction and clean-up of food samples of plant origin for quantitative determination of pesticide residues. Different solvents can be used for this purpose. These pesticide residues are generally associated with other co-extracted compounds which would interfere in the analysis. To purify the crude extracts to be analysed, several techniques can be used. This European Standard contains the following extraction and clean-up methods that have been subjected to interlaboratory studies and/or are adopted throughout Europe: - method M: Extraction with acetone and liquid-liquid partition with dichloromethane/light petroleum, if necessary clean-up on Florisil® 1) [1], [2], [3]; - method N: Extraction with acetone, liquid-liquid partition with dichloromethane or cyclohexane/ethyl acetate and clean-up with gel permeation and silica gel chromatography [4], [5]; - method P: Extraction with ethyl acetate, and if necessary, clean-up by gel permeation chromatography [6]. This European Standard specifies the details of methods M, N and P for the extraction and the clean-up of food samples of plant origin. Several solvents at different volumes are used for extraction. Techniques of clean-up are listed such as liquid-liquid partition, liquid chromatography on various adsorbents and gel permeation chromatography. A table providing the couples (matrix/pesticide) which have been submitted to collaborative studies and a list of indicative applicability of the method to different pesticides are given for each method, wherever possible.

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This European Standard gives guidance on some recommended techniques for the determination of pesticide residues in foods of plant origin and on confirmatory tests. The identity of any observed pesticide residue is confirmed, particularly in those cases in which it would appear that the maximum residue limit has been exceeded.

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This part of ISO 6561 specifies a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the cadmium content of fruits, vegetables and derived products.

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This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the hydrochloric-acid-insoluble ash yielded by fruit and vegetable products.
The method serves for the determination of siliceous impurities, together with the silica endogenous to the plant.
NOTE A method for the determination of mineral impurities generally originating from the soil is specified in ISO 7621).

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This International Standard specifies a method for extracting the sorbic acid present in fruits, vegetables and derived products, and two techniques for determining the sorbic acid extracted.

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This international Standard specifies a method for the determination of the mineral impurities content (impurities generally originating from the soil) of fruit and vegetable products.

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This part of ISO 6561 specifies an atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the cadmium content of fruits, vegetables and derived products.
NOTE The method of cadmium determination in fruit, vegetables and derived products is based on AOAC Official Methods of Analysis [1].

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This International Standard specifies a method for determining the benzoic acid content of fruits, vegetables and derived products.
As chlorobenzoic acids are resistant to oxidation, the method cannot be applied in the presence of
p-chlorobenzoic acid, as the absorption spectrum of this acid is close to that of benzoic acid. Neither can it be used in the presence of cinnamic acid, which is transformed into benzoic acid by chromic acid oxidation.
NOTE The cinnamic acid determined as benzoic acid in this method exists generally only in the form of traces in vegetables, and therefore has no effect on the result obtained, except in the case of cinnamon bark, which contains higher quantities.

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This International Standard specifies a refractometric method for the determination of the soluble solids in fruit and vegetable products.
This method is particularly applicable to thick products, to products containing suspended matter, and to products rich in sugar. If the products contain other dissolved substances, the results will be only approximate; nevertheless, for convenience the result obtained by this method can be considered conventionally as the soluble solids content.
NOTE For the determination of the soluble solids in fruit juices (not containing suspended matter) and in concentrated juices (clarified), the pyknometric method specified in ISO 2172 is applicable.

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ISO 5519:2008 specifies a method for extracting the sorbic acid present in fruits, vegetables and derived products, and two techniques for determining the sorbic acid extracted.

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This European Standard is applicable to the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in hazelnuts, figs, pistachios, peanuts and paprika powder. The limit of quantification of the method is 0,8 ng/g for each aflatoxin or better (value derived from in-house and collaborative study), depending on the equipment used.

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ISO 22855:2008 specifies a method using high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of the concentration of benzoic and sorbic acids in fruit and vegetable juices.

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ISO 5518:2007 specifies a method for determining the benzoic acid content of fruits, vegetables and derived products. As chlorobenzoic acids are resistant to oxidation, the method cannot be applied in the presence of p-chlorobenzoic acid, as the absorption spectrum of this acid is close to that of benzoic acid. Neither can it be used in the presence of cinnamic acid, which is transformed into benzoic acid by chromic acid oxidation.

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This draft European Standard specifies a method using high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the determination of the growth regulators chlormequat and mepiquat in non fatty foods as chlormequat and mepiquat cation, respectively.
The method is applicable to all kinds of fruits, vegetables and cereal products. It has been collaboratively studied on mushrooms, pears, wheat flour and fruit puree, see [1].

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ISO 6561-2:2005 specifies an atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the cadmium content of fruits, vegetables and derived products.

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ISO 6561-1:2005 specifies a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the cadmium content of fruits, vegetables and derived products.

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ISO 17239:2004 specifies a hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the arsenic content of fruits, vegetables and derived products.

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ISO 17240:2004 specifies an atomic absorption spectrometric method for the determination of the tin content of fruit and vegetable products in the concentration range 10 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. It is a rapid method, especially suitable for routine determinations of tin in canned fruits and vegetables contaminated with tin which has migrated from the can. The method can be applied with the prescribed amount of sample to products with a maximum total dry matter content of 30 %. Products with higher contents of total solids can be analysed using smaller amounts of sample after corresponding dilution with deionized water.

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ISO 763:2003 specifies a method for the determination of the hydrochloric-acid-insoluble ash yielded by fruit and vegetable products. The method serves for the determination of siliceous impurities, together with the silica endogenous to the plant.

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ISO 2173:2003 specifies a refractometric method for the determination of the soluble solids in fruit and vegetable products. This method is particularly applicable to thick products, to products containing suspended matter, and to products rich in sugar. If the products contain other dissolved substances, the results will be only approximate; nevertheless, for convenience the result obtained by this method can be considered conventionally as the soluble solids content.

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ISO 762:2003 specifies a method for the determination of the mineral impurities content (impurities generally originating from the soil) of fruit and vegetable products.

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Description of two types of controlled atmospheres: type 1 with slightly reduced oxygen content and more or less enriched in carbon dioxide in such a way that the sum of the contents is 21 % (V/V); type 2 in such a way that the sum of the oxygen and the cabon dioxide contents is below 21 % (V/V). Specification of the method of regulation of atmospheres, of chambers for controlled atmosphere storage, of the regulation of temperature and atmosphere, of the maintenance of the composition of the atmosphere, of checks during the keeping period, and of operations at the and of storage.

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The guidance is applicable to packages constituted of any material, with or without covers. It describes non-palletized packages and palletized packages. Examples are shown in three figures.

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The guidance specifies materials for prepacking, prepacking systems, quality of foofstuffs for prepacking, treatment of foodstuffs before packing, packing for transport, and marking. A table shows prepacking systems most frequently used for certain products.

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Consists of two parts. Gives an illustrated survey of 27 species. For each the botanical name is given first, followed by the common name in English, French and Russian. Includes, in addition, alphabetical indices in the three languages.

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The method is intended with a view to determining the quality or particular characteristics of the goods. It describes the preparation of a lot, an increment, a bulk sample, a reduced sample and the laboratory sample, further packaging and handling of the samples.

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The techniques are given for information only. The methods describe the aim of the ripening, temperature zones to be considered, the influence of various factors, optimum conditions, the use of adjuncts, such as ethylene or atmospheres enriched by oxygen. Two figures show diagrams of ripening rooms.

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Consists of two parts. Gives an illustrated survey of 20 species. For each the botanical name is given first, followed by the common name in English, French and Russian. Includes, in addition, alphabetical indices in the three languages.

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Defines physical factors usually employed in the industrial cold storage, such as temperature, relative humidity, air-circulation ratio, rate of air change, and provides information concerning their measurement, inclusive suitable instruments.

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The method consists in extracting a test portion with hot water, precipitating the protein by addition of solutions of potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) and zinc acetate, and filtrating the precipitate. Further, reduction of the nitrate to nitrite by metallic cadmium (only for determining the nitrate). Then addition of sulfanilamide chloride and N-(1-naphtyl)ethylenediamine and measurement of the red complex obtained at a wavelength of 538 nm.

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Specifies two routine methods: method A is for the determination in products having fat content of less than or equal to 5 % (m/m), method B for products having a fat content of more than 5 % (m/m), the limit of 5 % being arbitrary.

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The method consists in decomposing of organic matter in a sulfuric-nitric acid medium, reducing of mercury(II) to metallic mercury by the action of tin(II)chloride, entraining of the mercury vapour by a current of air and determing in an enclosed apparatus.

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The method consists is decomposing of organic matter by a dry or wet method and determing of the Zn + cation by a suitable spectrometer. For some liquid samples the determination may be carried out directly, without previous decomposition.

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The method uses the molecular fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of the combined ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid content. It consists in transforming ascorbic acid into dehydrascorbic acid using activated charcoal, and reacting this with o-phenylendiamine (OPDA).

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The method of determination of dry matter content consists in heating to constant mass, after mixing, of liquid or semi-liquid products spread over an absobent surface, or of pasty products mixed with an inert powder, at 70 °C under reduced pressure. The method of determin of water content consists in entraining of the water in the form of vapour by a volatile solvent immiscible with water, condensing and separating in a reflux trap, recovering and measuring of the volume of water in a graduated tube.

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