SIST EN 31092:1999
(Main)Textiles - Determination of physiological properties - Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded - hotplate test) (ISO 11092:1993)
Textiles - Determination of physiological properties - Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded - hotplate test) (ISO 11092:1993)
This International Standard specifies methods for the measurement of the thermal resistance and watervapour resistance, under steady-state conditions, of e.g. fabrics, films, coatings, foams and leather, including multilayer assemblies, for use in clothing, quilts, sleeping bags, upholstery and similar textile or textile-like products. The application of this measurement technique is restricted to a maximum thermal resistance and watervapour resistance which depend on the dimensions and construction of the apparatus used (e.g. 2 m2 . K/W and 700 m2 . Pa/W respectively, for the minimum specifications of the equipment referred to in this International Standard). The test conditions used in this Standard are not intended to represent specific comfort situations, and Performance specifications in relation to physiological comfort are not stated.
Textilien - Prüfung bekleidungsphysiologischer Eigenschaften - Prüfung des Wärme- und Wasserdampfdurchgangswiderstandes unter stationären Bedingungen (sweating guarded - hotplate test) (ISO 11092:1993)
Diese Internationale Norm legt Verfahren zur Messung des stationären Wärme- und Wasserdampf-durchgangswiderstandes fest von z. B. Textilien, Filmen, Beschichtungen, Schaumstoffen und Leder, einschließlich mehrschichtiger Materialaufbauten für den Einsatz in Kleidung, Steppbetten, Schlafsäcken, Sitzaufbauten und ähnlichen textilen oder textilartigen Erzeugnissen.
Die Anwendung des Messverfahrens ist auf bestimmte Höchstwerte des Wärme- und Wasserdampf-durchgangswiderstandes beschränkt, die von der Dimensionierung und Ausführung des Messgerätes abhängen (z. B. 2 m2 K/W bzw. 700 m2 Pa/W für die Mindestanforderungen, die in dieser Internationalen Norm an das Messgerät gestellt werden).
Die in dieser Norm gewählten Prüfbedingungen sind nicht dazu vorgesehen, bestimmte Komfortsituationen nachzustellen. Auch werden keine Anforderungswerte im Hinblick auf die Erreichung eines guten thermo-physiologischen Komforts eines bestimmten Materials angeführt.
Textiles - Détermination des propriétés physiologiques - Mesure des résistances thermiques et évaporatives en régime stationnaire (essai de la plaque chaude transpirante gardée) (ISO 11092:1993)
La présente Norme internationale prescrit des méthodes pour la détermination de la résistance thermique et de la résistance à la vapeur d'eau, en régime stationnaire, de produits tels que matériaux textiles, films, enductions, mousses et cuir, y compris les assemblages multicouches, qui sont utilisés pour l'habillement, couettes, sacs de couchage, garnitures de siège et produits similaires. L'application de cette technique de mesurage est limitée à des valeurs maximales de résistance thermique et de résistance à la vapeur d'eau qui dépendent des dimensions et de la construction de l'appareil (par exemple respectivement 2 m2.K/W et 700 m2.Pa/W pour les spécifications minimales de l'équipement auquel il est fait référence dans la présente Norme internationale).
Tekstilije - Ugotavljanje fizioloških lastnosti - Merjenje toplotne in parne upornosti pri ustaljenih pogojih (preskus s pred izgubo zaščiteno vročo ploščo)
Ta mednarodni standard določa metode za merjenje toplotne in parne upornosti pri ustaljenih pogojih npr. za tkanine, filme, prevleke, penaste materiale in usnje, vključno z večplastnimi sestavi, za uporabo pri oblačilih, pregrinjalih, spalnih vrečah, tapetah in podobnih tekstilnih ali tekstilijam podobnih izdelkih. Uporaba te merilne tehnike je omejena na največjo toplotno in parno upornost, ki sta odvisni od dimenzij in sestave uporabljene naprave (npr. 2 m2 . K/W oz. 700 m2 . Pa/W za minimalne specifikacije opreme, ki je omenjena v tem mednarodnem standardu). Preskusni pogoji, uporabljeni v tem standardu, ne predstavljajo določenih primerov udobja in specifikacije učinkovitosti v povezavi s fiziološkim udobjem niso navedene.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.ãþRTextilien - Prüfung bekleidungsphysiologischer Eigenschaften - Prüfung des Wärme- und Wasserdampfdurchgangswiderstandes unter stationären Bedingungen (sweating guarded - hotplate test) (ISO 11092:1993)Textiles - Détermination des propriétés physiologiques - Mesure des résistances thermiques et évaporatives en régime stationnaire (essai de la plaque chaude transpirante gardée) (ISO 11092:1993)Textiles - Determination of physiological properties - Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded - hotplate test) (ISO 11092:1993)59.080.01Tekstilije na splošnoTextiles in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 31092:1993SIST EN 31092:1999en01-marec-1999SIST EN 31092:1999SLOVENSKI
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SIST EN 31092:1999
SIST EN 31092:1999
SIST EN 31092:1999
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11092 First edition 1993-1 o-1 5 Textiles - Physiological effects - Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test) Textiles - Effets physiologiques - Mesurage de Ia rbktance thermique et de ia r&is tance 2 Ia vapeur d ‘eau en r6gime stationnaire (essai de Ia Plaque chaude gardbe transpirante) Reference number ISO 1% 092:11993(E) SIST EN 31092:1999
ISO 11092:1993(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations. governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (1 EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 11092 was prepared by Technical Committee I SO/TC 38, Textiles. Annexes A and B form an integral part of this International Standard. 0 ISO 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per- mission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-l Zl 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii SIST EN 31092:1999
ISO 11092:1993(E) Introduction ISO 11092 is the first of a number of Standard test methods in the field of clothing comfort. The physical properties of textile materials which contribute to physio- logical comfort involve a complex combination of heat and mass transfer. Esch may occur separately or simultaneously. They are time-dependent, and may be considered in steady-state or transient conditions. Thermal resistance is the net result of the combination of radiant, conductive and convective heat transfer-, and its value depends on the contribution of each to the total heat transfer. Although it is an intrinsic property of the textile material, its measured value may Change through the conditions sf test due to the interaction of Parameters such as radiant heat transfer with the surroundings. Several methods exist which may be used to measure heat and moisture properties of textiles, each of which is specific to one or the other and relies on certain assumptions for its interpretation. The sweating guarded-hotplate (often referred to as the “skin model”) described in this International Standard is intended to simulate the heat and mass transfer processes which occur next to human skin. Measure- ments involving one or both processes may be carried out either separ- ately or simultaneously using a variety of environmental conditions, involving combinations of temperature, relative humidity, air Speed, and in the liquid or gaseous Phase. Hence transport properties measured with this apparatus tan be made to simuiate different wear and environmental situations in beth transient and steady states. In this Standard only steady-state conditions are selected. SIST EN 31092:1999
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11092:1993(E) Textiles - Physiological effects - Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for the measurement of the thermal resistance and water- vapour resistance, under steady-state conditions, of e.g. fabrics, films, coatings, foams and leather, in- cluding multilayer assemblies, for use in clothing, quilts, sleeping bags, upholstery and similar textile or textile-like products. The application of this measurement technique is re- stricted to a maximum thermal resistance and water- vapour resistance which depend on the dimensions and construction of the apparatus used (e.g. 2 m*aK/W and 700 m*aPa/W respectively, for the minimum specifications of the equipment referred to in this International Standard). The test conditions used in this Standard are not in- tended to represent specific comfort situations, and Performance specifications in relation to physiological comfort are not stated. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 thermal resistance, RCt: Temperature differente between the two faces of a material divided by the resultant heat flux per unit area in the direction of the gradient. The dry heat flux may consist of one or more conductive, convective and radiant components. Thermal resistance R,,, expressed in Square metres kelvin per Watt, is a quantity specific to textile ma- terials or composites which determines the dry heat flux across a given area in response to a steady ap- plied temperature gradient. 2.2 water-vapour resistance, R,,: Water-vapour pressure differente between the two faces of a ma- terial divided by the resultant evaporative heat flux per unit area in the direction of the gradient. The evaporative heat flux may consist of both diffusive and convective components. Water-vapour resistance R,,, expressed in Square metres Pascal per Watt, is a quantity specific to textile materials or composites which determines the “latent” evaporative heat flux across a given area in response to a steady applied water-vapour pressure gradient. 2.3 water-vapour permeability index, imt: Ratio of thermal and water-vapour resistances in accordance with equation (1): . Ret Irritt = s’R,, . . . where S equals 60 Pa/K (1) . lmt is dimensionless, and has values between 0 and 1. A value of 0 implies that the material is water- vapour impermeable, that is, it has infinite water- vapour resistance, and a material with a value of 1 has both the thermal resistance and water-vapour resist- ante of an air layer of the same thickness. SIST EN 31092:1999
ISO 11092:1993(E) 2.4 water-vapour permeability, IV$ Characteristic of a textile material or composite depending on water-vapour resistance and temperature in accord- ante with equation (2): 1 Wd = ~ Retm@Tm . . . (2) where hl is the latent heat of vaporization of water at the temperature Tm of the measuring unit equals, for example, 0,672 Wmh/g at Tm = 35 “C Water-vapour permeability is expressed in grams per Square metre hour Pascal. 3 Symbols and units Ret R et . lrnt R cto R et0 wd 4 Tm A Ta Tm Pa Pm is the thermal resistance, in Square metres kelvin per Watt is the water-vapour resistance, in Square metres Pascal per Watt is the water-vapour permeability index, dimensionless is the apparatus constant, in Square me- tres kelvin per Watt, for the measurement of thermal resistance R,, is the apparatus constant, in Square me- tres Pascal per Watt, for the measurement of water-vapour resistance R,, is the water-vapour permeability, in grams per Square meter hour Pascal is the latent heat of vaporization of water at the temperature Tm, in Watt hours per gram is the area of the measuring unit, in Square metres is the air temperature in the test enclos- ure, in degrees Celsius is the temperature of the measuring unit, in degrees Celsius is the temperature of the thermal guard, in degrees Celsius is the water-vapour partial pressure, in Pascals, of the air in the test enclosure at temperature Ta is the Saturation water-vapour partial pressure, in Pascals, at the surface of the measuring unit at temperature Tm R.H H hHc AHe . is the relative humidity, in percent is the heating power supplied to the measuring unit, in Watts is the correction term for heating power for the measurement of thermal resistance Ret is the correction term for heating power for the measurement of water-vapour re- sistance Ret is the slope of the correction line for the calculation of AHc is the slope of the correction line for the calculation of AH, 4 Principle The specimen to be tested is placed on an electrically heated plate with conditioned air ducted to flow across and parallel to its upper surface asspecified in this International Standard. For the determination of thermal resistance, the heat flux through the test specimen is measured after steady-state conditions have been reached. The technique described in this International Standard enables the thermal resistance R,, of a material to be determined by subtracting the thermal resistance of the boundary air layer above the surface of the test apparatus from that of a test specimen plus boundary air layer, both measured under the same conditions. For the determination of water-vapour resistance, an electrically heated porous plate is covered by a water-vapour permeable but liquid-water impermeable membrane. Water fed to the heated plate evaporates and Passes through the membrane as vapour, so that no liquid water contacts the test specimen. With the test specimen placed on the membrane, the heat flux required to maintain a constant temperature at the plate is a measure of the rate of water evaporation, and from this the water-vapour resistance of the test specimen is determined. The technique described in this International Standard enables the water-vapour resistance Ret of a material to be determined by subtracting the water-vapour re- sistance of the boundary air layer above the surface of the test apparatus from that of a test specimen plus boundary air layer, both measured under the same conditions. is the Speed of air above the surface of the test specimen, in metres per second is the Standard deviation of air Speed va, in metres per second SIST EN 31092:1999
ISO 11092:1993(E) 5 Apparatus 5.1 Measuring unit, with temperature and water supply control, consisting of a metal plate approxi- mately 3 mm thick with a minimum area of 0,04 m* (e.g. a Square with each side 200 mm in length) fixed to a conductive metal block containing an electrical heating element [see figure 1, items (1) and (6)]. For the measurement of water-vapour resistance, the metal plate (1) must be porous. lt is surrounded by a thermal guard [item (8) of figure 21 which is in turn located within an opening in a measuring table (11). The coefficient of radiant emissivity of the plate sur- face (1) shall be greater than 0,35, measured at 20 “C between the wavelengths 8 Pm to 14 Pm, with the primary beam perpendicular to the plate surface and the reflection hemispherical. Channels are machined into the face of the heating element block (6) where it contacts the porous plate to enable water to be fed from a dosing device (5). The Position of the measuring unit with respect to the measuring table shall be adjustable, so that the upper surface of test specimens placed on it tan be made coplanar with the measuring table. Heat losses from the wiring to the measuring unit or to its temperature-measuring device should be mini- mized, e.g. by leading as much wiring as possible along the inner face of the thermal guard (8). The temperature controller (3), including the tem- perature Sensor of the measuring unit (2), shall main- tain the temperature Tm of the measuring unit (7) constant to within + 0,l K. The heating power H shall be measurable by means of a suitable device (4) to within & 2 % over the whole of its usable range. Water is supplied to the surface of the porous metal plate (1) by a dosing device (5) such as a motor-driven burette. The dosing device is activated by a switch which senses when the level of water in the plate falls more than approximately 1,O mm below the plate surface, in Order to maintain a constant rate of evap- oration. The level switch is mechanically connected to the measuring unit. Before entering the measuring unit, the water shall be preheated to the temperature of the measuring unit. This tan be achieved by passing it through tubes in the thermal guard before it enters the measuring unit. Set value of T, 1 Metal plate 4 Heating-power measuring device 2 Temperatur-e Sensor 5 Water-dosing device 3 Temperature controller 6 Metal block with heating element Figure 1 - Measuring unit with temperature and water supply control 3 SIST EN 31092:1999
ISO 11092:1993(E) l Set value of T, 3 e 7 Measuring unit according to 5.1 8 Thermal guard 9 Temperature controller 10 Temperature-measuring device 11 Measuring table Figure 2 - Thermal guard with temperature control 5.2 Thermal guard with temperature control [item (8) of figure 21, consisting of a material with high thermal conductivity, typically metal, and containing electrical heating elements. Its purpose is to prevent heat leakage from the sides and bottom of the measuring unit (7). The width b of the thermal guard (figure2) should be a minimum of 15 mm. The gap between the upper surface of the thermal guard and the metal plate of the measuring unit shall not exceed 1,5 mm. The thermal guard may be fitted with a porous plate and water-dosing System similar to that of the meas- uring unit to form a moisture guard. The thermal guard temperature Ts measured by the temperature Sensor (10) shall, by means of the con- troller (9), be maintained at the same temperature as the measuring unit Tm to within + 0,l K. - 5.3 Test enclosure, into which is built the measur- ing unit and thermal guard, and in which the ambient air temperature and humidity are controlled. The conditioned air shall be ducted so that it flows across and parallel to the upper surface of the meas- uring unit and thermal guard. The height of the duct above the measuring table shall not be less than 50 mm. The drift of the temperature Ta of this air flow shall not exceed + 0,l K for the duration of a test. For the measurement of thermal resistance* and water- vapour resistance values below 100 m l Pa/W, an ac- curacy of + 0,5 K is sufficient. The drift of the relative humidity R.H. of this air flow shall not exceed + 3 % R.H. for the duration of a test. - This air flow is measured at a Point 15 mm above the measuring table over the centre of the uncovered measuring unit and at an air temperature Ta of 20 “C. The air Speed va measured at this Point shall have a mean value of 1 m/s, with the drift not exceeding + 0,05 m/s for the duration of a test. - lt is important that at this Point the air flow shall have a certain de
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