oSIST prEN 2002-001:2021
(Main)Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Test methods - Part 001: Tensile testing at ambient temperature
Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Test methods - Part 001: Tensile testing at ambient temperature
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Metallische Werkstoffe - Prüfverfahren - Teil 001: Zugversuch bei Raumtemperatur
Série aérospatiale - Matériaux métalliques - Méthodes d'essais - Partie 001 : Essais de traction à température ambiante
Aeronavtika - Kovinski materiali - Preskusne metode - 001. del: Natezni preskus pri temperaturi okolice
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 2002-001:2021
01-april-2021
Aeronavtika - Kovinski materiali - Preskusne metode - 001. del: Natezni preskus pri
temperaturi okolice
Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Test methods - Part 001: Tensile testing at
ambient temperature
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Metallische Werkstoffe - Prüfverfahren - Teil 001: Zugversuch bei
Raumtemperatur
Série aérospatiale - Matériaux métalliques - Méthodes d'essais - Partie 001 : Essais de
traction à température ambiante
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 2002-001
ICS:
49.025.05 Železove zlitine na splošno Ferrous alloys in general
oSIST prEN 2002-001:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 2002-001:2021
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 2002-001
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2021
ICS Will supersede EN 2002-001:2005
English Version
Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Test methods - Part
001: Tensile testing at ambient temperature
Série aérospatiale - Matériaux métalliques - Méthodes Luft- und Raumfahrt - Metallische Werkstoffe -
d'essais - Partie 001 : Essais de traction à température Prüfverfahren - Teil 001: Zugversuch bei
ambiante Raumtemperatur
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee ASD-
STAN.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 2002-001:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 2002-001:2021 (E)
Contents
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 5
4 Health and safety . 10
5 Principle of tensile testing . 10
6 Testing requirements . 10
6.1 Resources . 10
6.2 Test samples/test pieces . 11
6.3 Testing procedure . 12
6.4 Determination and expression of test results . 16
7 Test report . 18
Annex A (normative) Test pieces to be used for sheet and strip with thickness less than or
equal to 8 mm . 20
A.1 Shape of the test piece . 20
A.2 Dimensions of the test piece . 20
A.3 Preparation of test pieces . 21
Annex B (normative) Non-machined test pieces to be used for bar, section and wire with a
diameter or thickness less than or equal to 8 mm . 22
B.1 Shape of the test piece . 22
B.2 Dimensions of the test piece . 22
B.3 Preparation of test pieces . 22
Annex C (normative) Machined test pieces to be used for bars, sections, plates and wires
with diameter or thickness greater than 8 mm and for forgings and castings . 23
C.1 Shape of the test piece . 23
C.2 Dimensions of the test piece . 23
C.3 Tolerances . 23
C.4 Determination of the original cross-sectional area (S ) . 23
0
C.5 Determination of final cross-sectional area (S ) . 24
u
C.6 Ridged test piece . 24
Annex D (normative) Test pieces to be used for tubes . 26
D.1 Shape of the test piece . 26
D.2 Dimensions and tolerances of the test piece. 26
Annex E (informative) Standard evolution form . 28
Bibliography . 29
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European foreword
This document (prEN 2002-001:2021) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries
Association of Europe — Standardization (ASD-STAN).
After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this document has
received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of
ASD-STAN, prior to its presentation to CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 2002-001:2005.
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Introduction
This document is part of the series of EN metallic material standards for aerospace applications.
The general organization of this series is described in EN 4258.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the tensile testing of metallic materials at ambient
temperature for aerospace applications.
It is applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise
specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
1
EN 4259, Aerospace series — Metallic materials — Definition of general terms 1 )
EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials - Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part
1: Tension/compression testing machines - Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system (ISO
7500-1)
EN ISO 9513, Metallic materials - Calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing (ISO 9513)
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and symbols given in EN 4259 and the
following given in Table 1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
test piece
portion of the test sample on which the tensile test is carried out
3.2
proportional test pieces
test piece with an original gauge length (L0) having a specified relationship to the square root of the
cross-sectional area (S0)
Note 1 to entry: The proportionality coefficient, K, has the internationally recognized value of 5,65 for test pieces
of circular cross-section. The gauge length of a proportional test piece is therefore equal to 5,65√(S_0). Certain
material standards use proportional test pieces with other than the 5,65 proportionality coefficient. In this case,
see Ax for the percentage elongation symbol used.
3.3
non-proportional test piece
test piece where the original gauge length is independent of the cross-sectional area
1)
Published as ASD-STAN Standard at the date of publication of this standard by AeroSpace and Defence industries
Association of Europe — Standardization (ASD-STAN), http://www.asd-stan.org/
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3.4
extension
increase of the extensometer gauge length (L ) at any moment during the test
e
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.5
limit of proportionality
stress at which the stress-strain (or force-extension) relationship deviates from a straight line
Note 1 to entry: The unit is MPa.
3.6
percentage elongation (proportional test piece)
A
elongation after fracture expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (L ) for a proportional
0
test piece with an original gauge length of L = 5,65 S
0
0
Note 1 to entry: For non-standard proportional test piece, see Ax.
LL−
u 0
Note 2 to entry: A = × 100.
L
0
Note 3 to entry: The unit is %.
3.7
percentage elongation (non-proportional test piece)
A
L0
elongation after fracture expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (L ) for a non-
0
proportional test piece with an original gauge length of L
0
Note 1 to entry: For a non-proportional test piece, the original gauge length is given in millimetres, e.g. A50mm.
LL−
u 0
Note 2 to entry: AL0 = × 100.
L
0
Note 3 to entry: The unit is %.
3.8
percentage elongation (non standard proportional test piece)
A
x
elongation after fracture expressed as a percentage of original gauge length (L ) for a non-standard
0
proportional test piece with an original gauge length of L = x (e.g.: A )
0 4D
Note 1 to entry: A non-standard proportional test piece is one in which the proportionality coefficient has a value
other than 5,65. In the example above the gauge length is four times the diameter, equivalent to a proportionality
coefficient of 4,51.
Note 2 to entry: The unit is %.
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3.9
test piece thickness
a
thickness of a test piece of rectangular cross-section or wall thickness of a tube
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.10
test piece width
b
width of test pieces of rectangular cross-section, average width of the longitudinal strip taken from a
tube or width of a flat wire
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.11
tube external diameter
D
external diameter of a tube
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.12
test piece diameter
d
diameter of the parallel length of a circular test piece or diameter of round wire or internal diameter of
a tube
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.13
young's modulus of elasticity
E
value of the increment in stress divided by the corresponding increment in strain for the straight
portion of the stress-strain (or force-extension) diagram
Note 1 to entry: The unit is GPa.
3.14
maximum force
F
m
greatest force which the test piece withstands during the test
Note 1 to entry: The unit is N.
3.15
gauge length
L
length of the cylindrical or prismatic portion of the test piece on which elongation is measured
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
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3.16
parallel length
L
c
length of the reduced section of the parallel portion of the test piece
Note 1 to entry: The concept of parallel length is replaced by the concept of distance between grips for non-
machined test pieces.
Note 2 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.17
extensometer gauge length
L
e
length of the parallel portion of the test piece used for the measurement of extension by means of an
extensometer at any moment during the test
Note 1 to entry: This length may differ from L but can be of any value greater than b, d or D (see above) but shall
0
be less than the parallel length (L ). It is recommended that the extensometer gauge length is as large as possible.
c
Note 2 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.18
original gauge length
L
0
gauge length before the application of force
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.19
test piece length
L
t
total length of test piece
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.20
final gauge length
L
u
gauge length after fracture of the test piece
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.21
elongation
L -L
u 0
elongation after fracture
Note 1 to entry: The permanent increase in the original gauge length (L ) after fracture.
0
Note 2 to entry: The unit is mm.
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3.22
tensile strength
R
m
maximum force (F ) divided by the original cross-sectional area (S ) of the test piece
m 0
Note 1 to entry: The unit is MPa.
3.23
proof stress
Rp
stress at which a non-proportional extension is equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer
gauge length (L ) (see Figure 1)
e
Note 1 to entry: The symbol used is followed by a suffix giving the prescribed percentage of the original gauge
length for example: Rp0,2.
Note 2 to entry: The unit is MPa.
3.24
test piece transition radius
r
radius at ends of parallel length
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm.
3.25
original cross-sectional area
S
0
original cross-sectional area of the parallel length
2
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm .
3.26
minimum cross-sectional area
S
u
minimum cross-sectional area of test piece after fracture
2
Note 1 to entry: The unit is mm .
3.27
percentage reduction of area after fracture
Z
maximum decrease of the cross-sectional area (S – S ) expressed as a percentage of the original cross-
0 u
SS−
0 u
sectional area (S ) i.e Z = × 100
0
S
0
Note 1 to entry: The unit is %.
3.28
strain
ε
extension of any moment during the test divided by the original gauge length (L ) of the test piece
0
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3.29
stress
σ
force at any moment during the test divided by the original cross-section area (S ) of the test piece
0
Note 1 to entry: The unit is MPa.
3.30
specified temperature
θ
temperature at which the test is to be carried out
Note 1 to entry: The unit is °C.
4 Health and safety
It is presupposed that resources, test pieces, test samples, test materials, test equipment and test
procedures comply with the current health and safety regulations/laws of the countries where the test
is to be carried out.
It is presupposed that where materials and/or reagents that may be hazardous to health are specified,
appropriate precautions in conformity with local regulations and/or laws are be taken.
5 Principle of tensile testing
The test involves straining a test piece by a tensile force at ambient temperature to fracture for the
purpose of determining one or more of, Young’s modulus of elasticity, proof stress, tensile strength,
elongation, reduction of area.
6 Testing requirements
6.1 Resources
6.1.1 Equipment/plant
6.1.1.1 Testing machine
Testing machine accuracy shall be verified at intervals not exceeding 12 months in accordance with
EN ISO 7500-1 and shall be certified to Class 1 or better.
The design of the testing machine shall permit automatic loading alignment. The loading system
alignment shall be checked at least annually with a strain-gauged test piece. The difference between the
recorded maximum and minimum strains shall not exceed 10 % of the mean strain at an appropriate
verification force relative to the forces expected during a subsequent series of tests. Reference may be
made to ASTM E1012 for a verification method.
It may be computer controlled and capable of automatic calculation and recording of Young’s modulus
of elasticity, proof stress, tensile strength and elongation.
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6.1.1.2 Extensometer
The extensometer accuracy shall be verified at intervals not exceeding 12 months in accordance with
EN ISO 9513 and shall be certified for determination of:
a) Young’s modulus of elasticity to Class 0,5 or better and a type that is capable of measuring
extension on both sides of a test piece and allows readings to be averaged is preferred.
b) Proof stress to Class 1 or better.
6.1.1.3 Grips
Grips shall consist of screwed holders, shouldered holders, wedge pieces, pin grips or other means such
that the tensile test force is applied axially.
The use of screwed holders is recommended and shall be mandatory in case of dispute.
Grips for tubes may, in addition, use plugs that shall be of:
a) an appropriate diameter in order to be gripped at both ends;
b) a length at least equal to that of the grips and may project beyond the grips for a maximum length
equal to the external diameter of the tube;
c) a shape that shall have no effect on the deformation of the gauge length.
6.1.2 Materials/reagents
Materials/reagents may include suitable:
a) degreasing fluids;
b) recording paper;
c) means of electronic recording, if appropriate;
d) marking inks.
6.1.3 Qualification of personnel
Testing to the requirements of this test method shall only be undertaken and/or supervised by
personnel who have demonstrated their competence by a suitable education or appropriate training
and experience. Such competence shall be documented in an appropriate form.
6.2 Test samples/test pieces
6.2.1 Shape and dimensions
The shape and dimensions of the test piece depend on the shape and dimensions of the metallic product
and the mechanical properties which are to be determined.
Where sufficient material is available the test piece shall be obtained by machining a sample from the
product in accordance with Annex A, C or D. However, product of constant cross-section (section, bar
and wire in accordance with Annex B) may be subjected to test without being machined.
A machined test piece shall incorporate a transition radius between the gripped ends and the parallel
length if these have different dimensions. The dimensions and tolerances and the transition radius of a
test piece shall be in accordance with the appropriate annex (see 6.2.2).
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The gripped ends may be of any shape to suit the grips of the testing machine (see 6.3.3). The parallel
length (L ) or, in the case where the test piece has no transition radius, the free length between the
c
grips, shall always be greater than the original gauge length (L ).
0
6.2.2 Product Types
The main types of test piece are given in Annexes A to D according to the shape and type of product as
shown in Table 2.
Table 2 — Product types
Corresponding Product type
Annex
A Sheets and strips
B Bars, sections and wires of diameter or
thickness ≤ 8 mm
C Bars, sections, plates and wires of
diameter or thickness > 8 mm and for
forgings and castings
D Tubes
6.2.3 Preparation of test pieces
Machining, if required, shall be carried out at ambient temperature in accordance with a machining
procedure. Precautions shall be taken to minimize superficial cold working, appreciable heating of the
part or surface irregularities that could affect the results of the test.
The surface finish of the parallel length shall have a R value not exceeding 0,8 µm.
a
In the case of material with an elongation specified in the material standard to be less than 10 %, tensile
test pieces of other than circular cross-section shall have the edges along the parallel length and the
transition radii slightly rounded and lengthwise polished. The reduction of the cross-sectional area by
this treatment shall be negligible.
The test piece shall be protected from damage or contamination until the start of the test.
6.3 Testing procedure
6.3.1 Determination of the cross-sectional area
6.3.1.1 Determination of the original cross-sectional area (S )
0
The original cross-sectional area shall be calculated from measurement of the appropriate dimensions,
with an accuracy of 0,2 % or 0,005 mm, whichever the greater value, for each dimension.
In the case of a length of tube, the original cross-sectional area (S ) shall be calculated as follows:
0
S = πa (D – a) (1)
0
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When using test piece consisting of a longitudinal strip cut from a tube, the original cross-sectional
area shall be calculated according to one of the following equations:
2
b b
When 0,17 ≤ < 0,25 S = ab 1+ (2)
0
D 62DD− a
( )
b
When < 0,17 S = ab (3)
0
D
6.3.1.2 Determination of final cross-sectional area (S )
u
The dimensions of the test piece shall be measured at the location of the fracture to an accuracy of
0,01 mm, and be used to calculate the final cross-sectional area.
In the case of a length of tube or longitudinal test piece cut from a tube, the final cross-sectional area
shall be calculated according to the equations in 6.3.1.1.
6.3.2 Marking the original gauge length (L )
0
For proportional test pieces, the calculated value of the original gauge length shall be rounded to the
nearest 1 mm. The original gauge length shall be marked or measured to an accuracy of ± 1 %.
A fine scribed line or a small, punched dot shall mark each end of the original gauge length.
Incised scribed lines or punched dots shall not be used on low ductility materials, on which such
markings may cause premature failure. The recommended method of marking gauge lengths is using
standard engineering marking out practice, by painting the parallel length of the test piece with a
suitable marking media, such as quick-drying ink and then lightly scribing through this coating.
If the parallel length (L ) is much in excess of the original gauge length, for instance, with non-machined
c
test pieces, a series of overlapping original gauge lengths shall be marked; some of these lengths may
extend up to the grips.
6.3.3 Method of gripping
The grips shall be of an appropriate type specified in 6.1.1.3.
For proof stress determination, it is recommended that pin grips should be used for all flat test pieces
unless the test piece is too narrow.
The ends of a longitudinal test piece cut from the wall of a tube may be flattened to aid gripping,
provided that the parallel length is not affected by the flattening.
6.3.4 Extensometer
The extensometer shall be attached to the parallel length in such a manner that it accurately measures
the extension without damage to the gauge length.
6.3.5 Temperature of test
The test shall be carried out at (10 ≤ θ ≤ 35) °C unless otherwise specified. In cases of dispute the test
shall be performed at θ = (23 ± 5) °C.
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6.3.6 Speed of testing
6.3.6.1 Young’s modulus of elasticity (E)
The test shall be performed at the speed given in 6.3.6.2.
6.3.6.2 Proof stress (R )
p
The test shall be performed at a strain rate as required in Tables 3 to 5:
Table 3 — Required strain rates for R and R for aluminium and aluminium alloys
p m
Specific Lower Preferred Upper
Unit
value limit value limit
1/s 0,0001000 0,0002500 0,0004000
1/s 1,000E-04 2,500E-04 4,000E-04
Rp
1/min 0,0060 0,0150 0,0240
%/min 0,60 1,50 2,40
1/s - - 0,0080
1/s - - 8,00E-03
Rm
1/min - - 0,48
%/min - - 48
Table 4 — Required strain rates for R and R for engineering steels and stainless steels
p m
Specific Lower Preferred Upper
Unit
value limit value limit
1/s 0,0000833 0,000110 0,0001388
1/s 8,333E-05 1,100E-04 1,388E-4
R
p
1/min 0,0050 0,0066 0,0083
%/min 0,50 0,66 0,83
MPa/s 15 20 25
1/s - - 0,0080
1/s - - 8,00E-03
Rm
1/min - - 0,48
%/min - - 48
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For iron base steels, it is possible to apply the tensile testing either in strain (1/s) or in stress increasing
(MPa/s) method.
Table 5 — Required strain rates for R and R for all other metallic materials
p m
Specific Lower Preferred Upper
Unit
value limit value limit
1/s 0,0000500 0,0000833 0,0001167
1/s 5,000E-05 8,333E-05 1,167E-04
Rp
1/min 0,0030 0,0050 0,0070
%/min 0,30 0,50 0,70
1/s - - 0,0025
1/s - - 2,50E-03
R
m
1/min - - 0,15
%/min - - 15
For special applications or materials, other testing rates may apply and shall be specified in the material
or technical standard or on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.
6.3.6.3 Tensile strength (R )
m
If the test is to be continued to fracture, the strain rate of the parallel length may be increased beyond
the proof stress but shall not exceed a value as required in Tables 3 to 5.
6.3.7 Young’s modulus of elasticity (E), selection of test method
Young’s modulus of elasticity shall be determined by one of three methods of which Method 1 is the
most accurate and Method 3 the least accurate. Method 3 shall only be used when neither Method 1 nor
Method 2 can be applied. In case of dispute Method 1 shall be used.
Method 1
The test piece shall be loaded to a stress below the limit of proportionality and unloaded. This shall be
repeated twice more. Young’s modulus of elasticity shall be taken as the average of the three values. It is
recommended that the location of the extensometer be changed for each successive determination.
The initial part of the stress-strain (or force-extension) line may be omitted to compensate for any
nonlinearity at the start of the test.
Method 2
The test piece shall be loaded to a stress below the limit of proportionality and loading shall continue
without interruption to determine the 0,2 % proof stress (R ).
p0,2
The initial part of the stress-strain (or force-extension)
...
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