Natural gas vehicles - Vehicle fuelling appliances

This document covers the design and manufacturing, installation and testing, operation and maintenance for vehicle fuelling appliances (VFAs) – the assemblies of the pressure equipment with limited technical parameters, intended for the non-commercial fuelling of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) with compressed natural gas (CNG).
This document is applicable to VFAs supplied with natural gas as defined in local applicable gas composition regulations or EN 16723-2, or with other gases meeting these requirements including biomethane, upgraded coal-bed methane (CBM) and gas from liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizer (on-site or off-site).
In case of combination of the certified VFA assembly with additional equipment, such as external storage and/or dispenser, EN ISO 16923 applies to the new assembly - the certified VFA assembly with added external equipment.
In case of combinations of interconnected VFA assemblies, EN ISO 16923 applies to the whole new assembly of the certified VFA assemblies.

Erdgasfahrzeuge - Fahrzeugbetankungsgeräte

Véhicules fonctionnant au gaz naturel - Bornes de distribution de carburant véhicules

Le présent document concerne la conception et la fabrication, l'installation et les essais, l'exploitation et la maintenance des applications de remplissage de véhicules (VFA) - les ensembles d'équipement sous pression avec
-   une capacité de compression maximale : 20 scm/h
-   une pression maximale de remplissage : 200 bar à 15 °C,
destiné au remplissage non commercial de véhicules au gaz naturel (VGNs) avec du gaz naturel comprimé (GNC).
Le présent document s'applique aux VFA alimentés par gaz naturel, tel que défini par les règlements locaux applicables relatifs à la composition des gaz ou par l'EN 16723-2, ou par d'autres gaz satisfaisant à ces exigences, tels que le biométhane, le méthane de houille (MH) valorisé et le gaz provenant de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) vaporisé (sur ou hors site).
Dans le cas d'une combinaison de l'ensemble VFA certifié avec des équipements supplémentaires, tels qu'un stockage externe ou un appareil de remplissage, l'EN ISO 16923 s'applique au nouvel ensemble formé par l'ensemble VFA certifié et l'équipement externe supplémentaire.
Dans le cas de combinaisons d'ensembles VFA interconnectés, l'EN ISO 16923 s'applique à l'intégralité du nouvel ensemble formé par les ensembles VFA certifiés.

Vozila na zemeljski plin - Polnilne naprave za vozila na zemeljski plin

General Information

Status
Not Published
Public Enquiry End Date
03-May-2020
Technical Committee
Current Stage
5020 - Formal vote (FV) (Adopted Project)
Start Date
11-Feb-2021
Due Date
01-Apr-2021
Completion Date
23-Apr-2021

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17278:2020
01-april-2020
Vozila na zemeljski plin - Polnilne naprave za vozila na zemeljski plin
Natural gas vehicles - Vehicle fuelling appliances
Erdgasbetriebene Fahrzeuge - Fahrzeuge Füllanlagen

Véhicules fonctionnant au gaz naturel - Bornes de distribution de carburant véhicules

Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17278
ICS:
43.060.40 Sistemi za gorivo Fuel systems
75.060 Zemeljski plin Natural gas
oSIST prEN 17278:2020 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 17278:2020
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oSIST prEN 17278:2020
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17278
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2020
ICS 75.200
English Version
Natural gas vehicles - Vehicle fuelling appliances

Véhicules fonctionnant au gaz naturel - Bornes de Erdgasbetriebene Fahrzeuge - Fahrzeuge Füllanlagen

distribution de carburant véhicules

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 326.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17278:2020 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 17278:2020
prEN 17278:2020 (E)
Contents Page

European foreword ............................................................................................................................................ 3

1 Scope .......................................................................................................................................................... 4

2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................... 4

3 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................... 5

4 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... 8

5 Risk management ................................................................................................................................. 9

6 General principles of design ............................................................................................................. 9

6.1 General construction ........................................................................................................................... 9

6.2 General requirements ....................................................................................................................... 10

6.3 Materials ................................................................................................................................................ 10

6.4 Internal systems and components of VFA .................................................................................. 11

6.5 Permanent joining .............................................................................................................................. 16

6.6 Connection to the distribution gas network ............................................................................. 16

6.7 Gas composition .................................................................................................................................. 16

6.8 Noise attenuation ................................................................................................................................ 16

6.9 Ventilation ............................................................................................................................................. 16

7 Enclosure ............................................................................................................................................... 17

8 Testing .................................................................................................................................................... 17

8.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 17

8.2 Final inspection ................................................................................................................................... 17

8.3 Checking of documentation related to pressure equipment .............................................. 18

8.4 Strength pressure (proof) test ....................................................................................................... 18

8.5 Tightness test ....................................................................................................................................... 19

8.6 Checking of safety devices ............................................................................................................... 19

8.7 Periodic inspection ............................................................................................................................ 19

9 Installation ............................................................................................................................................ 20

9.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 20

9.2 VFA location .......................................................................................................................................... 20

9.3 VFA installation outdoors ................................................................................................................ 21

9.4 VFA installation indoors ................................................................................................................... 22

10 Operation ............................................................................................................................................... 24

10.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 24

10.2 Installation and servicing manual ................................................................................................ 24

10.3 User’s manual ....................................................................................................................................... 27

11 User of VFA ............................................................................................................................................ 29

12 Marking and labelling ....................................................................................................................... 29

13 Maintenance and testing frequency of gas detection system ............................................. 30

Annex A (informative) Additional safety precautions for indoor fuelling of NGV by means of

VFA installed outdoors ...................................................................................................................... 31

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU (Pressure equipment Directive) aimed to

be covered ............................................................................................................................................. 32

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 33

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European foreword

This document (prEN 17278:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 326 “Natural gas

vehicles – Fuelling and operation”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN and TSE.

This document is currently submitted to CEN Enquiry.

This document has been prepared under mandate M/071 given to CEN by the European Commission and

the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the European Directive

2014/68/EU.

For relationship with European Directive 2014/68/EU, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral

part of this document.
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1 Scope

This document covers the design and manufacturing, installation and testing, operation and maintenance

for vehicle fuelling appliances (VFAs) – the assemblies of the pressure equipment with limited technical

parameters, intended for the non-commercial fuelling of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) with compressed

natural gas (CNG).

This document is applicable to VFAs supplied with natural gas as defined in local applicable gas

composition regulations or EN 16723-2, or with other gases meeting these requirements including

biomethane, upgraded coal-bed methane (CBM) and gas from liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizer (on-

site or off-site).

In case of combination of the certified VFA assembly with additional equipment, such as external storage

and/or dispenser, EN ISO 16923 applies to the new assembly - the certified VFA assembly with added

external equipment.

In case of combinations of interconnected VFA assemblies, EN ISO 16923 applies to the whole new

assembly of the certified VFA assemblies.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1779:1999, Non-destructive testing - Leak testing - Criteria for method and technique selection

EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements

EN 60079-10-1:2015, Explosive atmospheres - Part 10-1: Classification of areas - Explosive gas

atmospheres
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
EN 13445-1:2014, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General
EN 13480-1:2017, Metallic industrial piping — Part 1: General

EN 16723-2:2017, Natural gas and biomethane for use in transport and biomethane for injection in the

natural gas network - Part 2: Automotive fuels specification

EN ISO 4126-1:2013, Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure - Part 1: Safety valves

(ISO 4126-1:2013)

EN ISO 4126-3:2006, Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 3: Safety valves and

bursting disc safety devices in combination

EN ISO 9809-1:2019, Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design, construction and

testing. Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1100 MPa

EN ISO 9809-2:2019, Gas cylinders — Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders — Design, construction and

testing — Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 1 100 MPa

EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction

(ISO 12100:2010)
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EN ISO 14469:2017, Road vehicles - Compressed natural gas (CNG) refuelling connector (ISO 14469:2017)

EN ISO 30013:2011, Rubber and plastics hoses - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources -

Determination of changes in colour, appearance and other physical properties (ISO 30013:2011)

EN IEC 60079-0:2018, Explosive atmospheres — Equipment — General requirements

ISO 18119:2018, Gas cylinders — Seamless steel and seamless aluminium-alloy gas cylinders and tubes —

Periodic inspection and testing

ISO 11119-1:2012, Gas cylinders — Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes — Design, construction

and testing — Part 1: Hoop wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders and tubes up to 450 l

ISO 11119-2:2012, Gas cylinders — Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes — Design, construction

and testing — Part 2: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders and tubes up to 450 l with

load-sharing metal liners

ISO 11119-3:2013, Gas cylinders — Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes — Design, construction

and testing — Part 3: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders and tubes up to 450L with non-

load-sharing metallic or non-metallic liners

ISO 11119-4:2016, Gas cylinders — Refillable composite gas cylinders — Design, construction and testing

— Part 4: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders up to 150 l with load-sharing welded

metallic liners

EN ISO 15609-1:2019, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials —

Welding procedure specification — Part 1: Arc welding
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
automatic restart

system designed to initiate a fuelling sequence without a physical action by a person at the appliance

3.2
biomethane

gas comprising principally methane, obtained from either upgrading of biogas or methanation of bio-

syngas
[SOURCE: EN 16723-2:2017, 3.3]
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3.3
breakaway device

coupling which separates at a predetermined section when required and each separated section contains

a self-closing shut-off valve which seals automatically
[SOURCE: EN ISO 16923:2018, 3.5]
3.4
burst pressure

pressure which causes failure and consequential fluid loss through the component envelope

[SOURCE: EN ISO 16923:2018, 3.8]
3.5
compressed natural gas
natural gas that has been compressed and stored for use as vehicle fuel
[SOURCE: EN ISO 16923:2018, 3.12]
3.6
compressor

system that is inherent to the VFA, which increases the pressure of gas from a lower to a higher level

3.7
cylinder
pressure vessel designed to store CNG
3.8
domestic area
area where people live and possibly work
EXAMPLE A yard or a garage of a private house.
3.9
dryer
equipment which decreases the water vapour content (moisture) of natural gas
[SOURCE: EN ISO 16923:2018, 3.16]
3.10
enclosure

structure being not a building or canopy that encloses a component of the fuelling station

EXAMPLE Housing, container and machine cabinet.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 16923:2018, 3.17]
3.11
examiner
person who has been appointed to verify compliance with the applicable standard

Note 1 to entry: In certain cases, an external independent examiner can be required.

[SOURCE: EN ISO 14732:2013, 3.12]
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3.12
fast leakage

leakage inside the VFA component that results in a sudden pressure drop in this component, which can

be detected by pressure sensing means
3.13
fuelling pressure discharge system

system that is inherent to the VFA, which is designed to reduce the pressure of CNG in the fuelling nozzle

to allow safe disconnection from the NGV
3.14
fuel delivery system

system that is inherent to the VFA, which is intended for CNG delivery from the VFA to the vehicle,

including a fuelling hose, a fuelling nozzle and a break-away device
3.15
gas containment system

system that is inherent to the VFA, which comprises at least one cylinder and its associated safety devices

3.16
hose
pipeline of flexible material with end fittings attached
[SOURCE: EN ISO 16923:2018, 3.31]
3.17
locking system

system that is inherent to the VFA, which is designed to block the activation of VFA functions for

unauthorized access
3.18
maximum allowable pressure

maximum pressure to which a component or system is designed to be subjected during normal operation

3.19
natural gas

complex gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons, primary methane, but generally includes ethane, propane and

higher hydrocarbons, and some non-combustible gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide

Note 1 to entry: Natural gas can also contain components or containments such as sulfur compounds and/or other

chemical species.
[SOURCE: EN 16723-2:2017, 3.12]
3.20
non-domestic area
area where people do not live, but only work
EXAMPLE A territory, a workshop or a garage of a small commercial entity.
3.21
non-commercial fuelling
fuelling for own needs, not for the retail of CNG
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3.22
periodic inspection

thorough examination by a qualified person, of which records are made to provide the basis for a

continuing evaluation
3.23
qualified person

person whose competence and knowledge have been obtained by education, training and/or relevant

practical experience

Note 1 to entry: In order to demonstrate the level of competence and knowledge, a qualification test may be

required.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 3834-1:2005, 3.2]
3.24
slow leakage

leakage inside the VFA component, which is detected by gas sensing means (internal or external)

Note 1 to entry: Slow leakage cannot be detected by pressure sensing means.
3.25
temperature compensation system
system or device intended to limit the maximum gas outlet pressure
3.26
user
person who operates the VFA
3.27
vehicle fuelling appliance

device, being manufactured, tested and certified as a single appliance, intended for non-commercial

fuelling of NGVs with CNG enabling the fuelling directly into NGV’s onboard fuel tank(s)

4 Abbreviations
CNG compressed natural gas
MAWP maximum allowable working pressure
NGV natural gas vehicle
PRD pressure relief device
TPRD temperature pressure relief device
VFA vehicle fuelling appliance
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5 Risk management

Risk assessment shall follow the techniques described in EN ISO 12100 for assessment of machinery

safety.

The VFA shall be designed to minimize risk to users, servicing personnel, properties, and environment.

Risk assessment shall include design, construction, operation and maintenance of the VFA. The risk

assessment process shall be used to evaluate the consequences of hazardous events and to determine

appropriate means of risk reduction and/or mitigation of consequences.

Measures to reduce fire and explosion risks shall be applied, including but not limited to:

a) prevention of the formation of a flammable or explosive mixture;
b) prevention of static charge build-up;
c) avoidance of ignition sources;
d) mitigation of the effects of a fire or explosion.

Protection from ignition in explosive atmospheres shall be by the use of protection systems defined in EN

IEC 60079-0.
6 General principles of design
6.1 General construction
The possible variants of VFA design are shown in Figure 1.
a) “Single box” VFA b) “Modular” VFA
Key
A body of a “single box” VFA C module 2 of a “modular VFA
B module 1 of a “modular VFA D module 3 of a “modular VFA
Figure 1 — General design of VFA
The VFA shall be equipped with a:
a) fuel delivery system;
b) fuelling pressure discharge system;
c) locking system;
d) compressor and/or gas containment system.
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The VFA can also be equipped with one or more of the following components:
— a dryer;
— a temperature compensation system with maximum pressure of 200 bar.

The VFA shall be certified by examiner as a unit. VFAs having gas containment system higher than 25 bar·l

are subject to the European legislation for pressure equipment.
6.2 General requirements
The following requirements apply in the VFA design:
1) The pressure vessels of the VFA shall comply with EN 13445-1.
2) The piping of the VFA shall comply with EN 13480-1.

3) The number of connections and other possible points of leakage or release of gas to the atmosphere

in the installation and equipment shall be minimized.

4) The generation of the possibility of a confined explosive atmosphere shall be avoided.

5) Fire and explosion risk prevention shall take into account foreseeable malfunctions and misuse.

6) The mounting of equipment shall be suitable for local conditions.

7) Barriers or other mechanisms to protect the VFA from collision damage shall be provided, if the VFA

is exposed to the risk of vehicle collision.
8) The VFA shall shut down safely in the event of a loss of power.

9) The VFA shall have means of ensuring that oil carryover from the compressor, dust, water and other

contaminants in the gas stream meet the requirements of EN 16723-2.

10) The specific climatic conditions of the site location and expected minimum and maximum

temperatures during operation shall be taken into account.

11) Means ensuring maximal fuelling pressure 200 bar with temperature compensation (200 bar at

20 °C) shall be provided.

All VFA components, piping and fittings shall be manufactured, marked and assembled in a manner

suitable for their intended use, applying the principles of sound engineering practice, to be suitable for

the full range of pressures, temperatures, weather conditions and loadings which can occur under normal

and fault conditions.
6.3 Materials
All materials shall be:
a) suitable for their intended application;

b) resistant to the rated temperature extremes, corrosion, moisture, natural gas or biomethane and

aging.
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The manufacturer of the VFA shall ensure that all materials used for the construction of the components

conform to their specifications. The manufacturer of the VFA shall document the compliance with the

material specifications by using materials which either comply with harmonized standards or are

covered by European approval of pressure equipment materials.
6.4 Internal systems and components of VFA
6.4.1 Fuel delivery system
6.4.1.1 General

The fuel delivery system is intended to provide NGV fuelling up to maximal pressure 200 bar. The fuel

delivery system shall contain a fuelling hose with fuelling nozzle and break-away device.

6.4.1.2 Fuelling hose
The following requirements apply to a fuelling hose:

1) The fuelling hose shall be designed and manufactured for CNG service. The fuelling hose shall be

permanently marked accordingly.

2) The fuelling hose shall be suitable for use at a temperature range of ‒40 °C to 65 °C.

3) The MAWP shall be permanently marked on the fuelling hose by the manufacturer.

4) The fuelling hose shall be subject to hydrostatic testing. The test pressure shall be no less than either

of the following, whichever is the greater:

— the pressure corresponding to the maximum loading to which the pressure equipment may be

subject in service taking into account its maximum allowable pressure and its maximum

allowable temperature, multiplied by the coefficient 1,25;
— the maximum allowable pressure multiplied by the coefficient 1,43.

5) The fuelling hose materials shall be resistant to the degrading effects of common automotive fluids

with which they can come in contact.

NOTE 1 Fuelling hose materials that comply with oxygen ageing and non-metallic material immersion of

UN/ECE R 110 is considered to conform to this requirement.

6) The fuelling hose shall be constructed in such a manner that permeation or leakage from the inner

tube does not expand or damage the outer cover, braids and inner plies.

NOTE 2 A fuelling hose that complies with the permeability test of UN/ECE R 110 is considered to conform

to this requirement.

7) The fuelling hose materials shall be UV resistant. They shall be tested in accordance with

EN ISO 30013.

8) The fuelling hose outer covers shall be constructed of non-electrically conductive materials (i.e.

metallic braids shall not be exposed between fittings ends).

9) The fuelling hose connections shall withstand a force in a linear direction greater than the breakaway

force. End fittings used on a fuelling hose shall be permanently attached with pull-off force at least

1 340 N.
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10) The fuelling hose fittings shall be provided with a standard wrench flat grip.

11) The fuelling hose fittings shall be made of corrosion resistant metal or provided with corrosion

resistant plating.

NOTE 3 Fuelling hose fittings that comply with the salt spray test of UN/ECE R 110 is considered to conform

to this requirement.
6.4.1.3 Fuelling nozzle

The fuelling nozzle shall be compatible with the NGVs receptacles B200 and C200 in accordance with

EN ISO 14469.
6.4.1.4 Breakaway device
The following requirements apply to a breakaway device:

1) The breakaway device shall be designed and manufactured specifically for CNG fuelling service.

2) The breakaway device shall be designed to withstand extreme temperature swings and continuous

pressure cycling.

3) The breakaway device shall be suitable for service temperature of –40 °C to 65 °C.

4) The breakaway device shall separate upon application of a maximum hose tension force of 660 N,

but shall not be less than 200 N.
6.4.2 Fuelling pressure discharge system

The VFA shall be equipped with a fuelling pressure discharge system. After fuelling, the nozzle and/or

hose shall be safely depressurized, so that the fuelling nozzle can be safely disconnected. The

depressurized gas shall be safely captured by the VFA.
6.4.3 Locking system

If the VFA is installed outdoor, it is shall be equipped with a locking system. The locking system shall not

prevent access to the “EMERGENCY STOP” button and the “STOP” button.
6.4.4 Compressor

The VFA gas compressor shall be designed for the compression of natural gas. The design limits as defined

in Table 1 shall be applied.
Table 1 — Design limits for VFA gas compressors
Maximum compressor
Maximum inlet flowrate
delivery pressure
Area
Nm /h
bar
Domestic area 5 200
Non-domestic area 20 250
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6.4.5 Gas containment system
6.4.5.1 General

A VFA with gas containment system energy of less than 25 bar·l, with a storage volume not exceeding 1 l

and a maximum working pressure not exceeding 200 bar may be installed indoor. Indoor installation

shall comply with additional measures as defined in 6.4.8.

A VFA with gas containment system energy exceeding 25 bar·l may only be installed outdoor. Outdoor

installation requires additional measures to address additional hazards and risk, such as high pressure

and gas release. For outdoor installation the maximum volume of gas inside the VFA shall be limited as

follows:
— For domestic areas: 100 water-litres of gas containment system capacity.

— For non-domestic areas: 400 water-litres of gas containment system capacity. Possible hazardous

zones and safety distances shall be determined in accordance with EN 60079-10-1.
6.4.5.2 Cylinders

The following requirements apply for the cylinders used in the gas containing system:

— Seamless steel gas cylinders shall be in accordance with EN ISO 9809-1 and EN ISO 9809-2.

— Composite gas cylinders shall be in accordance with ISO 11119-1, ISO 11119-2, ISO 11119-3 and

ISO 11119-4.
— Aluminium alloy cylinders shall be in accordance with ISO 18119.

Each cylinder of the gas containing system or all cylinders together shall be equipped with:

a) manual shut-off valve;
b) automatic shut-off valve;
c) excess flow valve;
d) pressure relief device (PRD);
e) temperature pressure relief device (TPRD).
6.4.6 Temperature compensation system

For a VFA with volume of gas containment system up to 1 l, the temperature compensation system shall

limit the VFA’s gas outlet pressure as illust
...

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